Ubiquitous Computing-world is nomore a desktop

Priti PuniaMtech CSA (First yr)601103012Thapar University

• Introduction to Ubiquitous Computing-Definition

• History of Ubiquitous Computing-Evolution

• Generic Features

• Challenges and Requirements

• Software Requirements Issues

• Vision for the Future -2020

Ubiquitous ComputingDefinitions

Ubiquitous computing is the method of enhancing computer use by making many computers availablethroughout the physical environment, but making themeffectively invisible to the user

– Mark Weiser(Father of Ubicomp)Ubiquitous computing, or calm technology, is a paradigm shift where technology becomes virtually invisible in our lives.

-- Marcia Riley (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.)

*computers have become so small and pervasive that they are in practically everything.*computer sensors in your floor that can monitor your physical health*You might have computer sensors in your floor that can monitor your physical health.*Computers in your car that can assist you when you

drive to work. *And computers practically everywhere track your

every move.

EvolutionConstraint: - best way to serve the user community is not clear.

Approach: - Prototype the solution - Acquire feedback from users. - Modify the application

Generic Features

Transparen

t Interfaces

Awareness of Context

Capture the Experience

Generic Features – TRANSPARENT INTERFACES

- hide their presence from user- Provide interaction between user and application

Examples:Gesture recognitionspeech recognitionfree form pen interactioncomputational perception etc.

Generic Features – TRANSPARENT INTERFACES

Keyboard and mouse are still the most commonly used interfaces !!!

Need:- flexible interfaces- Varied interfaces that can provide similar functionality

Generic Features – CONTEXTAWARENESS

Context aware application:- is one which can capture the context- assign meaning to it- change behavior accordingly

The sensory perception (e.g. visual matching of buildings and places you know based on your eyesight) is different in a familiar place and a new place.

Need:Applications that are context aware andallow rapid personalization of their services.Challenge-finding the balance between visibility and transparency.

Generic Features – CONTEXTAWARENESS

Context – information about the environment with which the application is associated.

From Sensors to the Context: LOCATION and TIME are simple examplesof context !

Generic Features – AUTOMATED CAPTURE

To capture our day-to-day experience andmake it available for future use.

Constraints:- Multiple streams of information- Their time synchronization- Their correlation and integration

Need:Automated tools that support capture,integration and future access of info.

S.E. Challengespresented by the three

features

• TOOLKIT• DESIGN• ISSUES

TOOLKITDESIGNISSUES

SOFTWARESTRUCTURIN

GISSUES

COMPONENTINTEGRATION

Toolkit design issues

- be able to treat all types of I/P as easily as keyboard or mouse(e.g.: freeform pen based interaction)

- need for clustering techniques that can associate various forms of data

- Context aware applications need TILE interface(Time, Identity, Location, Entities)

Toolkit design issuesOpen challenges

‘Scalable Interfaces’-variety of devices with different size and interaction techniques

Rewriting of Applications !!

Abstract Interface toolkits

(another open area of research)

Software Structuring IssuesUbicomp Application

Developmant

Rapid Prototypin

gFrequent Iterations

Component Integration-not all portions of every application are developed

-many times we rely on COTS software

Constraint: -COTS software are not available for various types of devices / OS

Need:Standard methods to communicate and control wide array of devices and OS.

Applications need to have an awareness of their context:

a combination of several factors- including the current location- the current user - if there are any other Ubicomp devices present in

the near surroundings

Challenges:

Users Interface*The multitude of different Ubicomp devices

with their different sizes of displays and interaction capabilities represents another challenge

Mouse

keyboardPenGesture recognition…

NetworkingAnother key driver for

the final transition will be the use of short-range wireless as well as traditional wired technologiesWireless computing refers to the use of wireless technology to connect computers to a network-bandwidth problem when too many appliances connected or embedded together.

Mobility

Mobility is made possible through wireless communication technologies

Problem of disconnectivity!!!-This behaviour is an inherent property of the ubicomp concept and it should not be treated as a failure-mismatch of awareness in context aware.

Scalability

-In a ubiquitous computing environment where possibly thousands and thousands of devices are part of scalability of the whole system is a key requirement-All the devices are autonomous and must be able to operate independently a decentralized management will most likely be most suitable

Reliability

-Thus the reliability of ubiquitous services and devices is a crucial requirement

-In order to construct reliable systems self-monitoring, self-regulating and self-healing features like they are found in biology might be a solution

Volatility:-Not only does the world change (and thus so should our computational understanding of it, as alluded to above), but so the set of users, devices and software components in an environment change over time—far more frequently in ubicomp systems than in conventional distributed systems.-Respond needed-- Adaptability

Utility Computing in the Cloud

-Utility computing can help realize the ubiquitous computing vision by providing large-scale and long-lived storage and processing resources for personal ubicomp applications-While utility computing in the cloud can provide important backend resources for ubicomp applications, it cannot provide all the necessary infrastructure.

In a fully networked world with ubiquitous, sensor-equipped devices several privacy and security issues arise

• the people in this environment will be worried about their privacy since there is the potential of total monitoring

• must be understandable by the user and it must be modelled into the system architecture

Privacy and Security

Vision for the future-2020-by 2020 computers will b everywhere.

-Computers already exist in our watches, phones , dishwashers, cars , TV sets.-production of the microchips will be very cheap.-From dishwashers to the cars, everywhere.-Traffic accidents, traffic jams will disappear.-An invisible intelligent networks will be hidden in our walls , furniture and even in our clothes!!!-In the future ,computers will be there in every fabric of our lives!!!