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7. CODES, STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND PROCEDURES

7.1 CODES, STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO ULTRASONICTESTING

Different definitions related to codes, standards and specifications have already beenexplained in section 1.5.2. The process of standardization has been given in section 1.5.2.6hich is s!fficient to highlight the i"portance and need of standards in vie of large n!"ber of variables hich need to be controlled to achieve reliable and reprod!cible res!lts fro"

#DT tests incl!ding !ltrasonic testing. This, then can be said to be the !nderlying need andreason for the existence of different standards apart fro" "any others as have been listed in$ection 1.5.%. &n this chapter "ore infor"ation ill be provided on the s!b'ect of standardsspecially those related to !ltrasonic testing of "aterials.

7.1.1 Standardization organizations

(ne of the criteria for any doc!"ent s!ch as a g!ide or a reco""ended practice to )!alify to beco"e a standard is that it sho!ld be iss!ed by a rep!ted organization hich is recognized atnational, regional or international level. $o"e of the organizations hose standards areco""only !sed in #DT internationally are*

+a $/ * "erican $ociety of echanical /ngineers

+b $T * "erican $ociety for Testing and aterials

+c &&0 * &nternational &nstit!te of 0elding

+d &$( * &nternational (rganization for $tandardization

+e D&# * er"an $tandards &nstit!tion +De!tsches &nstit!t f!r #or"!ng

+f $& * ritish $tandards &nstit!tion

+g 3&$4 * 3apanese &nd!strial $tandards 4o""ittee

+h #( * rench $tandardization ody +ssociation rancaise de #or"alization

+i $ * $tandards ssociation of !stralia

+' 4$ * 4anadian $tandards ssociation

+ 4#$ * 4hina ssociation for $tandardization

+l $#T * "erican $ociety for #on-destr!ctive Testing

+" 3$#D& * 3apanese $ociety for #on-destr!ctive &nspection.

7.1.2 T!"s o# standards

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enerally the standards belonging to #DT can be gro!ped into vario!s categories s!ch as thestandards for ter"inology, e)!ip"ent, testing "ethod, ed!cation, training and certification,acceptance and re'ection and accreditation, etc. These are briefly described belo ithexa"ples.

7.1.2.1 Standards for terminology

These are the standards hich explain the "eanings of vario!s technical ter"s and conceptsas e"ployed in #DT. These are therefore essential for avoiding fail!re to reach an agree"ent

beteen the !ser and p!rchaser of the #DT services. $o"e exa"ples of s!ch standards are*

+a ppendix- of $/ boiler and press!re vessel code + 8 9:

lossary of ter"s !sed innon-destr!ctive testing

+b D&# 5% 11; +1;<1 Ter"s and concepts in !ltrasonic inspection

+c $ =6<=* 9art % +1;<5 lossary of ter"s !sed in !ltrasonic fladetection

+d $T /-5>> +1;7% $tandard definitions of ter"s relating to!ltrasonic inspection

+e 3&$ ? 2=>>-;1 lossary of ter"s !sed in non-destr!ctivetesting

7.1.2.2 Standards for equipment

prere)!isite to standardization of inspection techni)!es is a reg!larized "ethod of ens!ring

that the e)!ip"ent in !se is either inherently capable of or can be ad'!sted to give a certain predeter"ined degree of sensitivity and perfor"ance. $o"e of the standards of this type are*

+a &$(-2%>> 0eld in steel - eference bloc for the calibration ofe)!ip"ent for !ltrasonic testing

+b 3&$ ?-2=%< +1;7< 4alibration bloc +type 2 !sed in !ltrasonic testing

+c $ 27>% +1;7< 4alibration blocs and reco""endations for their !sein !ltrasonic fla detection

+d &&$@&&0 27<-67 +1;67 eco""ended proced!res for the deter"ination ofcertain !ltrasonic p!lse echo characteristics by the &&0calibration bloc

+e $T /-%2< +1;71 eco""ended practice for fabrication and control ofsteel reference bloc !sed in !ltrasonic inspection

+f D&# 25%5>-;> Altrasonic e)!ip"ent for "an!al testing

7.1.2.3 Standards for testing methods

These standards, !s!ally, entitled as eco""ended 9ractice or ethod are iss!ed in order toselect an opti"al test techni)!e for a partic!lar 'ob. &n other ords these ill help in selecting

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a techni)!e hich reveals only those defects hich "ay be considered har"f!l itho!t giving pro"inence to secondary feat!res. Ase of these standards ill help in obtaining reliable andreprod!cible res!lts fro" the tests. $o"e of the standards of this category are*

+a $ =;2= +1;7< ethods for !ltrasonic exa"ination of elds

+b 3&$ ><>1 +1;7% Altrasonic exa"ination of steel plates for press!revessels

+c D&# 5%125 +1;<2 Altrasonic testing of elded 'oints

+d $T /-16% +1;7% $tandard "ethods for !ltrasonic contact inspectionof eld"ents

+e $/ 8 9:4ode +1;;5, $ection :

rticle 5* Altrasonic exa"ination "ethods for"aterials and fabrication

7.1.2.4 Standards for education, training and certification of NDT personnel

To avoid !nreliable res!lts of an #DT exa"ination besides !sing standardized e)!ip"ent andtest "ethods, the persons carrying o!t the exa"ination "!st also be properly ed!cated,trained and certified in the "ethod. :ario!s standards are available to cater for thisre)!ire"ent. Bately there is an effort to har"onize the ed!cation, training and certification

both at the regional as ell as international level. $o"e of the standards of this type are*

+a D&# 5%16> +1;7< e)!ire"ents for non-destr!ctive testing personnel

+b &&$@&&0-5<;-7; +1;7; eco""endations relating to the training ofnon-destr!ctive testing personnel

+c #D&$ >6>1-77 !les for certification of non-destr!ctive testing personnel

+d &$( ;712 +1;;2 eneral standard for the )!alification andcertification of non-destr!ctive testing personnel

+e $#T-T4-1 +1;<6 eco""ended practice for non-destr!ctive testing personnel )!alification and certification

+f $ /# %7= +1;;= eneral principles for )!alification and certificationof #DT personnel

7.1.2. Standards for acceptance and re!ection

fter the defects have been investigated by #DT in ter"s of their nat!re, size and location, itis i"portant to eval!ate their acceptance or re'ection. This is done ith the help of standards,so"e exa"ples of hich are the folloing*

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+a &$( 5;%<-<1 ailay rolling stoc "aterial - !ltrasonicacceptance testing

+b $ 55>>-;% $pecification for !nfired f!sion elded press!revessels

+c 3&$ >5<7-<7 ethods for !ltrasonic exa"ination for carbon andlo alloy steel forgings

+d D&# /# 1712-;5 #on-destr!ctive exa"ination of elds - acceptancecriteria for !ltrasonic exa"ination of elded 'oints

+e $ 2<2%-<5 #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic "ethods -eval!ation and )!ality classification of "etal

bearing bonds

7.1.2." #ccreditation standards

These standards help in '!dging the capability and s!itability of #DT laboratories andinstit!tions for !ndertaing different types of #DT or as ell as for ed!cation and trainingof #DT personnel. /xa"ples are*

+a $T-/ 5%=-;= $tandard practice for deter"ining the )!alification of non-destr!ctive testing agencies.

+b /!ropean co""!nity eneral criteria for the assess"ent of testingstandard /# %5>>2 laboratories

+c /# %5>1= eneral criteria for certification bodies operatingcertification of personnel.

+d $T / ;;% !ide for laboratory accreditation syste"s

+e $T <<>-<; +;% 9ractice for criteria for !se in eval!ation of testinglaboratories and organizations for exa"ination andinspection of steel, stainless steel and related alloys

7.1.$ AS%E &oi'"r and !r"ss(r" )"ss"' *od"

7.1.3.1 $sta%lishment process and features

$/ boiler and press!re vessel code, an "erican national standard, is being extensively!sed aro!nd the orld either directly or by adoption. Therefore so"e of its feat!res are givenhere in so"e detail.

&nitial enact"ent of the code as in 1;1%. &t as established by a co""ittee set !p in 1;11ith "e"bers fro" !tilities, states, ins!rance co"panies and "an!fact!rers. 0hether or notit is adopted in the A$ is left to the discretion of each state and "!nicipality. &n any event itseffectiveness in red!cing h!"an cas!alties d!e to boiler accidents since adoption is idelyrecognized.

!les for n!clear reactor press!re vessels ere incl!ded in the code in 1;5=, and no thecode is adopted by al"ost all states of the Anited $tates and the provinces of 4anada. fter the initial establish"ent, revisions are iss!ed once every three years, so that c!rrently effective

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is the 1;;5 edition. (ne of the feat!res of the $/ code is that partial revisions are iss!edtice a year, the s!""er addenda +3!ly 1st, and the inter addenda +3an!ary 1st. Theseaddenda !sed to be "ade effective six "onths after the date of iss!e, b!t no they areeffective i""ediately !pon iss!ance. ny )!estion abo!t interpretation of r!les "ay bes!b"itted to the co""ittee in a letter of in)!iry, and ansers fro" the co""ittee are

p!blished as code cases fro" ti"e to ti"e.

7.1.3.2 &onstitution of #S'$ code

The folloing contents constit!te the $/ code, 1;;5 edition. !les for non-destr!ctiveexa"ination are collectively prescribed in $ection :. (ther sections for individ!alco"ponents +$ection &, &&& or :&&& refer to $ection : or other applicable r!les for exa"ination "ethods, and $#T-T4-1 +$#T reco""ended practice for )!alification of non-destr!ctive exa"ination personnel. cceptance criteria are specified in each section, or in so"e cases are )!oted fro" $T. :ario!s sections of the 1;;5 version of the $/code are*

S"*tion Tit'"

& 9oer oilers

&& aterial $pecifications9art * erro!s "aterials9art * #on-ferro!s "aterials9art 4* 0elding rods, electrodes and filler "etals

&&& $!bsection #4* eneral re)!ire"ents for division 1 and division 2

&&& Division 1$!bsection #* 4lass 1 co"ponents$!bsection #4* 4lass 2 co"ponents$!bsection #D* 4lass = co"ponents$!bsection #/* 4lass 4 co"ponents$!bsection #* 4o"ponent s!pports$!bsection #* 4ore s!pport str!ct!resppendices

&&& Division 2* code for concrete reactor vessels and contain"ents.&: Ceating boilers

: #on-destr!ctive exa"ination:& eco""ended r!les for care and operation of heating boilers:&& eco""ended r!les for care of poer boilers:&&& Division 1* 9ress!re vessels:&&& Division 2* lternative r!les& 0elding and brazing )!alifications ibreglass-reinforced plastic vessels& !les for in-service inspection of n!clear poer plant co"ponents

$/ code is available in both bo!nd and loose-leaf versions. /ither version "ay be !sedfor $/ certification.

7.1.3.3 #S'$ %oiler ( pressure )essel code section *

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This $ection contains 16 articles. rticle 1 is introd!ctory and covers general re)!ire"entss!ch as "an!fact!rerEs exa"ination responsibility, d!ties of the a!thorized inspector, ritten

proced!res, inspection and exa"ination and )!alification of personnel. The balance of $ection : is organized into to s!bsections and , ppendix +lossary of Ter"s,ppendix +$& Anits and an &ndex. $!bsection +rticles 2 to 2> defines the specific

#D/ "ethods re)!ired by the $/ 4ode. $!bsection +rticles 21 to 27 contains the basic standards, proced!res, and reco""ended practice doc!"ents for each of the #D/techni)!es as adopted fro" the "erican $ociety for Testing and aterials +$T. or exa"ple $T / ;6 beco"es $/-;% and $T 6>; beco"es $-6>;. &n $/ 4ode$ection :, !ltrasonic exa"ination is addressed in rticles %, 5 and 2=.

7.1.=.=.1 rticle %* Altrasonic exa"ination "ethods for in-service inspection

rticle % describes or refers to re)!ire"ents hich are to be !sed in selecting and developing!ltrasonic exa"ination proced!res and in the di"ensioning of indications for co"parison ithacceptance standards.

7.1.=.=.2 rticle 5* Altrasonic exa"ination "ethods for "aterials and fabrication

rticle 5 describes or refers to re)!ire"ents hich are to be !sed in selecting and developing!ltrasonic exa"ination proced!res for elds, parts, co"ponents, "aterials, and thicnessdeter"inations. &n all cases except elds, the rticle refers to rticle 2= hich contains theappropriate $T standards. The exa"ination of elds is specified in considerable detailssince there is no appropriate $T standard on this s!b'ect.

7.1.=.=.= rticle 2=* Altrasonic standards

rticle 2= incl!des vario!s !ltrasonic exa"ination standards for "aterials s!ch as large

forgings, steel plates, castings and pipes +incl!ding spiral elding, and for each !ltrasonicgeneral techni)!e s!ch as resonance "ethod, straight bea" "ethod, and i""ersion "ethod.

These standards are $T standards adopted into $/ standards as they are or ith so"e"odification. They are assigned the sa"e n!"ber as $T ith a prefix $ added. or exa"ple $T standards -=<<, -577, -57<, -5%<, /-11%, /-21=, /-21% and /-27=,etc. ill respectively be designated by $/ as $-=<<, $-577, $-57<, $-5%<, $/-11%,$/-21=, $/-21% and $/-27=.

7.1.=.=.% cceptance criteria

s already stated, acceptance criteria are not specified in $ection :, b!t each code section hasto be cons!lted to find the acceptance criterion for specific cases. The exa"ination istherefore cond!cted in accordance ith the appropriate rticle, and acceptance or re'ection isdeter"ined in accordance ith the referencing code section. s an exa"ple, acceptancecriteria for elds are specified in the sa"e ay in all of the folloing sections*

$ection &, 90-52$ection &&&, $!bsection #, #-5==>, and$ection :&&&, Division 1, ppendix 12 +"andatory

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There are generalized acceptance criteria of these sections that "ay be s!""ed as follos*

+a Discontin!ities are !nacceptable if the a"plit!de exceeds the reference level, anddiscontin!ities have lengths hich exceed*

+i 1@% in. +6 "" for t !p to =@% in. +1; "", incl!sive.+ii 1@= t for t fro" =@% in. +1; "" to 2-1@% in. +57 "", incl!sive.+iii =@% in. +1; "" for t over 2-1@% in. +57 "".

+b 0here discontin!ities are interpreted to be cracs, lac of f!sion, or inco"plete penetration, they are !nacceptable regardless of discontin!ity or signal a"plit!de.

7.1.+ Co!arison o# ('trasoni* t"sting standards

The general ai"s and ob'ectives of for"!lation and iss!ance of standards have been earlier described in $ection 1.5.%. &t has also been pointed o!t in $ection 1.5.= that there aren!"ero!s variables hich affect the res!lts of an !ltrasonic test. The standards for testing of

vario!s different types of ind!strial prod!cts therefore essentially lay don the val!es or range of val!es and conditions for these variables s!ch that hen earnestly folloed they illgive reliable and reprod!cible res!lts. !t still in spite of having the sa"e ob'ective of

prod!cing reliable and reprod!cible res!lts fro" the inspection of a specific ind!strial prod!ct, the standards fro" different co!ntries and standard-iss!ing bodies tend to have so"eo!tstanding differences or in other ords, there is lac of har"onization beteen vario!sstandards. 4onse)!ently no single standard is f!lly internationally accepted. &t is thereforeinvariably a "atter of agree"ent beteen the contracting parties as to hich partic!lar standard o!ld be !sed for a partic!lar 'ob. #evertheless, in spite of the differences, thestandards the"selves provide a so!nd basis for "oving forard in the direction of achievinginternational har"onization in testing practices.

Three of the ell non standards !sed in !ltrasonic testing are co"pared in the folloings.These standards are*

+a 3apanese &nd!strial $tandard 3&$ ? =>6>-<= +"ethod for !ltrasonic "an!al testingand classification of test res!lts for ferritic steel elds

+b $/ $ection :, rticle 5 +!ltrasonic exa"ination "ethods for "aterials andfabrication

+c ritish $tandard $ =;2= +"ethods for !ltrasonic exa"ination of elds, part 1*

"an!al exa"ination of elded b!tt 'oints in ferritic steels

7.1.4.1 Scope of application

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

!ll penetration groove elds "ade in ferrite steel ith thicness above 6 "".4irc!"ferential eld sea"s of radi!s less than one "etre, longit!dinal eld sea"s inshells of radi!s less than 1.5 "etre. 0eld 'oints of pipe branch connections, and eldsin "an!fact!ring process of the steel pipes are excl!ded.

+b $/ $ection : rticle 5

0elds as re)!ired by referencing code section.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

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!sion elded 'oints in ferrite steels not less than 6 "" thic, excl!ding nozzle.

7.1.4.2 +ersonnel qualification

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

9ersonnel perfor"ing !ltrasonic exa"ination shall have s!fficient noledge andexperience abo!t exa"ining elds and other characteristics in !ltrasonic exa"inationincl!ding f!nda"ental techni)!e. #D& grade 2 personnel are )!alified to perfor" theexa"ination, hile the acceptance shall be deter"ined by #D&grade 1 personnel.


9ersonnel shall be )!alified and certified to Bevel-& or higher in accordance ith $#T-T4-1, eco""ended 9ractice of the "erican $ociety for #on-destr!ctive Testing.The acceptance shall be deter"ined by personnel )!alified to Bevel-&& or higher.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

(perator shall have technical co"petence re)!ired by the contractor.

7.1.4.3 Sensiti)ity reference le)el-

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

+i As!al angle bea" "ethod

+1 $T-2 bloc* &n cases of 6>° and 7>° probes, the echo height fro" φ % x % holeis ad'!sted to C level of the distance a"plit!de characteristic c!rve. &n the case of

%5° probe, the sensitivity is raised by 6 d after the ad'!st"ent to C level as

described above.

+2 Asing -% bloc* /cho height fro" the calibration hole is ad'!sted to C level.

+ii eference level for scanning on base "aterial ad'acent to the eld, scanning directlyon the eld, and for straddle scan is to be as agreed by the c!sto"er.

+iii Tande" scan echo height fro" a defect free area of the test body is ad'!sted to

level, and then the sensitivity is raised by 1> d or 1% d.

+iv or straight bea" "ethod echo height fro" the calibration hole of -% bloc isad'!sted to C level.


The distance a"plit!de correction c!rve is prepared by ad'!sting the "axi"!" echoheight fro" a"ong side-drilled holes, T@%, T@2, and =T@%, of the reference bloc to<>F, and plotting echo height fro" other holes ith the sa"e sensitivity "aintained.This c!rve is !sed as the reference level.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

axi"!" obtainable itho!t noise dist!rbance. To be agreed !pon beteen thes!pplier and p!rchaser.

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7.1.4.4 +reliminary testing scanning sensiti)ity-

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

$ensitivity higher than reference level "ay be e"ployed.


$ensitivity tice as large as reference level +at least 6 d higher, hen practicable.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.4. Specified sensiti)ity for acceptance e)aluation sensiti)ity-

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

eference level.


eference level.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.4." &onstruction of D#&

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

+i ngle bea"

C level is deter"ined as the echo height obtained fro" φ %x% hole of $T-2 bloc

or the calibration hole of -% bloc .The line of C level shall be %>F or higher inthe range of bea" path distance !sed in exa"ination.

Bevel G C Bevel - 6 dB Bevel G Bevel - 6 d

+ii $traight bea"

/cho heights fro" the side-drilled hole, 1@%T of -% bloc, and that fro" =@%Thole are connected by a straight line. $everal lines are obtained !sing differentsensitivity. C level shall be the third or higher fro" the loest line obtained. &naddition, the line of C level shall be %>F or higher in the range of bea" pathdistance !sed in exa"ination.

Bevel G C Bevel - 6 dB Bevel G Bevel - 6 d


Distance a"plit!de correction c!rve shall be prepared by ad'!sting the "axi"!"echo height fro" a"ong side-drilled holes, T@%, T@2, and =T@% to <>F ith other echoes plotted ith the sa"e sensitivity. 4!rves of 5>F of the above reference arealso prepared.

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+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.4.7 &ouplant

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

enerally, glycerine sol!tion of over 75F density. de)!ate co!plant shall be selecteddepending on ro!ghness of scanning s!rface and fre)!ency !sed.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

de)!ate li)!id or paste.

7.1.4. /ase metal e0amination

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

$traight bea" exa"ination is cond!cted as necessary. $econd bacall is ad'!sted to<>F f!ll screen height.


/xa"ined ith a straight bea" probe covering the entire vol!"e here bea"s fro"angle probes ill be located. This straight bea" exa"ination is not for acceptance or re'ection.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

/ntire scanning zone of eld exa"ination shall be covered by straight bea"exa"ination +2-6 Cz. 0here possible, the third bacall echo shall be ad'!sted to1>>F. &f the first bac all echo cannot be "aintained at 1>>F this test shall not becond!cted.

7.1.4. Shape and sie of transducer

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

+i ngle bea"

2> x 2> "" or 1> x 1> "" for 2 +2.25 Cz and 1> x 1> "" for 5+% Cz.

+ii $traight bea"

2>, 25, => "" for 2 +2.25 Cz and 1>, 2> "" for 5 +% Cz.


#ot defined

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

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+i ngle bea"

#ot defined.

+ii $traight bea"

rea 5>> ""2 or less, ith both the length and idth to be 25 "" or less.

7.1.4.1 requency of transducer

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

2 +2.25 or 5 +% Cz


2.25 Cz +!nless otherise re)!ired

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

1 to 6 Cz

7.1.4.11 +ro%e angle

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

$pecifies different probe angles for different eld thicnesses as !nder*

0eld thicness 9robe angle

6-%> "" 7>° sho!ld be !sed.

%>-6> "" 7>° or 6>° sho!ld be !sed.

6> "" or "ore 7>° and %5° or 6>° and %5° sho!ld be !sed.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

$pecifies different probe angles for different eld thicnesses as !nder*

0eld thicness 9robe angle

=5 to 6> "" %5° or 6>° sho!ld be !sed.

15 to =5 "" 7>° sho!ld be !sed.

6 to 15 "" <>° sho!ld be !sed.

7.1.4.12 #pproach distance

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

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$ize of transd!cer +""

#o"inal angle of refraction +degrees

pproach distance +""

2> x 2>%56>7>

25=>=>

1> x 1>%56>7>

151<1<


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.4.13 5esolution of angle %eam pro%es

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

esol!tion shall be 15 d or "ore hen specified test holes of $T-2 bloc are"eas!red.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

esol!tion shall be "eas!red !sing a reference bloc for this p!rpose in the sa"e"anner as specified for straight bea" in $ 27>%.

7.1.4.14 5esolution of straight %eam pro%e

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

/xpressed in ter"s of s!pple"ent = of 3&$ ? 2=%%, it shall be*

Test fre)!ency+Cz

4lassification

2 +2.255 +%

or


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

$hall be checed as re)!ired in $ 27>%.

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7.1.4.1 Dead one

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

+i ngle bea"

Transd!cer size +"" re)!ency +Cz Dead zone

1> x 1> 2 +2.255 +%

25 "" or less15 "" or less

2> x 2> 2 +2.255 +%

=> "" or less---

+ii $traight bea"

re)!ency +Cz Dead zone

2 +2.255 +%

15 "" or less15 "" or less


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.4.1" 'a0imum sensiti)ity

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

+i ngle bea"

/xpressed in ter"s of appendix 5 of 3&$ ? 2=%%, it shall be*

ngle of refraction+degrees

2 sensitivity+d

1 sensitivity+d

%5 %> %>

6> 2> %>

7> 2> %>

+ii $traight bea"

/xpressed in ter"s of appendix % of 3&$ ? 2=%%, gain "argin shall be => d or "ore.

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#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

0ith echo height fro" a c!rvat!re of 1>> ad'!sted to 75F of f!ll screen height,gain "argin shall be as follos*

%> d for plate thicness 75 "" or less.5> d for pate thicness exceeding 75 "".

7.1.4.17 &haracteristics of instrument

7.1.%.17.1 re)!ency range

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

2 +2.25 Cz and 5 +% Cz


1 to 5 Cz

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined, except that transd!cer shall be 1 to 6 Cz.

7.1.%.17.2 "plit!de linearity

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

/xpressed in ter"s of appendix 1 of 3&$ ? 2=%%, class 1 or 2.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

0ithin 1 d in the range of 1>-5>F of f!ll scale.

7.1.%.17.= Ti"e base linearity

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

0ithin 1F of f!ll scale as expressed in ter"s of appendix 2 of 3&$ ? 2=%%.


#ot defined

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

1F or less of f!ll scale.

7.1.%.17.% $tability against so!rce voltage

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7 - 15

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

or nor"al voltage variation in poer so!rce !sed, change in sensitivity shall be

ithin 1 d, shifts in ordinate and ti"e base shall be ithin ±2F of f!ll scale.

+b $/ $ection : rticle 5 #ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.%.17.5 $tability against environ"ental te"perat!re

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

0hen a"bient te"perat!re deviates 2>°4, changes in echo height and ti"e base shall

be ithin ±2 d and ±2F respectively, for each 1>°4 deviation.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.%.17.6 4athode ray t!be

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

ise-!p and top of echo shall be clearly indicated.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

$hall be clear and easy to read.

7.1.%.17.7 ratic!le

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

oth ordinate and ti"e base shall be of linear scale.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

$hall be per"anent scale "aring covering both range and a"plit!de.

7.1.%.17.< tten!ator

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7 - 16

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

(ne step shall be 2 d or s"aller, total atten!ation 5> d or larger, and error ithin

±1 d for total.


$hall be stepped to ±2>F or ±2 d.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

2 d steps for the control range !sed for exa"ination. cc!racy shall be ithin

±1 d.

7.1.%.17.; /xa"ination proced!re

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

eneral


Description is rather si"ple. Details are not clear in so"e area.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

Detailed description is provided for preli"inary exa"ination.

7.1.%.17.1> $ensitivity correction +transfer "ethod

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

$ensitivity shall be corrected hen scanning s!rface is ro!gh, or atten!ation is great.


#o sensitivity correction is re)!ired beca!se sensitivity is set !sing a reference bloc !ltrasonically e)!ivalent to the "aterial tested.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.%.17.11 las to be eval!ated

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

0hen level is !sed as the disregard level, indications, echo height of hich exceeds level. 0hen B level is !sed, indications exceeding B level.


&ndications exceeding the distance a"plit!de correction c!rve corresponding to 2>Fof reference level.

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7 - 17

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.%.17.12 &ndicated defect length

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

The area here the echo height exceeds B level is obtained, and the longer lengththereof is "eas!red to the acc!racy of 1 "". 0hen plate thicness is 75 "" or larger, and a search !nit of 2 +2.25 Cz is !sed, the distance of probe "ove"enthere 5>F of the "axi"!" echo height is exceeded shall be "eas!red.


#ot partic!larly defined, b!t generally the length here the distance a"plit!decorrection c!rve corresponding to 1>>F or 5>F of reference level is exceeded.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

Difference beteen distance of "ove"ent here indication does not decrease by"ore than 2> d fro" the "axi"!" echo height, and the effective bea" idth.

7.1.%.17.1= 4lassification of types of defects

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

#ot defined.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

Defects are classified into three typesH isolated pores, elongated cylindrical flas and planar flas.

7.1.%.17.1% 4lassification of test res!lts

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

#ot defined.


#ot defined.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.1.%.17.15 cceptance criteria

+a 3&$ ? =>6>-<=

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7 - 1<

#ot defined.


#ot defined in $ection : b!t in vario!s referencing sections.

+c $ =;2= 9art 1

#ot defined.

7.2 TESTING PROCEDURES

ost of the codes and standards relating to !ltrasonic testing re)!ire the doc!"entation of aritten proced!re of the exa"ination to be carried o!t. The proced!re o!tlines, in principle,the scope, p!rpose, responsibilities, applicable specifications and the technical details of theexa"ination. &n other ords the proced!re is the exa"ination in ritten for". The proced!re"!st be s!fficiently co"plete and concise to*

+i /ns!re that any co"petent exa"iner can perfor" an exa"ination hich o!ld bevirt!ally identical to that perfor"ed by an e)!ally co"petent exa"iner, i.e. the

proced!re "!st ens!re the repeatability of exa"ination.

+ii llo an a!ditor or inspector, thro!gh its revie, to "ae a reasonable assess"ent of the exa"ination to be perfor"ed prior to the act!al perfor"ance. This process cansave "!ch ti"e by helping to "ae certain that the finished exa"ination ill beacceptable.

The proced!re "!st contain all of the technical details necessary for the perfor"ance and

repeatability of the exa"ination. These are*

+i /)!ip"ent to be !sed.+ii $canning proced!re to be !sed.+iii 4alibration proced!res to be !sed.+iv Data to be recorded and techni)!es for its recording.+v ethods of recording data along ith sa"ples of data record sheets !sed in recording

data.

Details of +i to +iii ill be described here in s!bse)!ent sections hile 4hapter < sho!ld becons!lted for details of +iv and +v. general proced!re for !ltrasonic testing has also beengiven in $ection 6.1.2.2.

7.2.1 S"'"*tion o# "-(i!"nt

The e)!ip"ent to be specified in the proced!re for carrying o!t an !ltrasonic test "!st haveat least the folloing characteristics*

+i or "ost of the eld inspection the !ltrasonic instr!"ent sho!ld be capable of generating fre)!encies over the range of at least 1 Cz to 5 Cz. &nstr!"entsoperating at other fre)!encies "ay be !sed if e)!al or better sensitivity can bede"onstrated. The e)!ip"ent sho!ld be e)!ipped ith stepped gain controlcalibrated in steps of 2 d or less.

+ii The !ltrasonic instr!"ent sho!ld provide linear vertical presentation ithin ±5F of

f!ll screen height for 2>F to <>F of the calibrated screen height +baseline to

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7 - 1;

"axi"!" calibrating point+s. The chec on the linearity sho!ld be "ade at the beginning of each period of extended !se or every three "onths hichever is less.

+iii The !ltrasonic instr!"ent sho!ld !tilize an a"plit!de control acc!rate over its !sef!lrange to I2>F of the no"inal a"plit!de ratio, to allo "eas!re"ent of indications

beyond the linear range of the vertical display on the screen. The chec on thea"plit!de control linearity sho!ld be "ade at the beginning of each period of extended !se or every three "onths hichever is less.

+iv The proper f!nctioning of the e)!ip"ent sho!ld be checed and the e)!ip"entsho!ld be calibrated by the !se of the calibration standard at the beginning and end of each exa"ination, hen exa"ination personnel are changed or at any ti"e that"alf!nctioning is s!spected, as a "ini"!". &f d!ring any chec it is deter"ined thatthe test e)!ip"ent is not f!nctioning properly, all of the prod!ct that has been testedsince the last valid e)!ip"ent calibration shall be re-exa"ined.

+v 9robes !sed d!ring the exa"ination "ay contain either single or d!al transd!cer ele"ent. 9robes ith conto!r contact edges "ay be !sed to aid !ltrasonic co!pling.4alibration, in s!ch a case, sho!ld be done ith contact edges !sed d!ring theexa"ination. (pti"!" angle, shape and size of probes are deter"ined by the specificapplications. ngle of the probe !sed sho!ld be s!ch as to hit the expected fla

perpendic!larly. The probes !sed in eld testing are !s!ally ro!nd, s)!are or rectang!lar, and their reco""ended sizes range fro" 6 "" dia"eter or6 "" s)!are to => "" dia"eter or => "" s)!are.

7.2.2 Position and dir"*tion o# s*an

The proced!re ritten for a partic!lar test assign"ent sho!ld indicate the s!rfaces on hich

the speci"en is to be scanned, the extent to hich the scan is to be "ade and the directionand speed of scanning. The s!rface on hich the scan is to be "ade is non as theexa"ination s!rface, and it is to be scanned in s!ch a ay so as to scan the entire exa"inationvol!"e. To f!lfil this re)!ire"ent, according to $/ $ection :, each scanning pass of the

probe sho!ld overlap a "ini"!" of 1>F of the probes piezoelectric crystal di"ension perpendic!lar to the direction of the scan, and the speed of scanning sho!ld not exceed 6in@sec +15 ""@sec !nless calibration is verified at higher scanning speeds.

7.2.$ Ca'i&ration

The calibration section of a proced!re for an !ltrasonic test assign"ent sho!ld, according to

$/ $ection :, be in line ith the folloing reco""endations*

+i 4alibration sho!ld incl!de co"plete !ltrasonic exa"ination syste".

+ii The original calibration "!st be perfor"ed on the basic calibration bloc +see 4hapter 5.

+iii 4hecs sho!ld be "ade to verify the seep range +ti"e base and distance a"plit!decorrection of the entire exa"ination syste".

+iv &n all calibrations, it is i"portant that "axi"!" indications be obtained ith theso!nd bea" oriented perpendic!lar to side-drilled holes and notches.

+v The centre line of the probe sho!ld be at least %> "" fro" the nearest side of the bloc, as rotation of the bea" into the corner for"ed by the hole and the side of the

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7 - 2>

bloc "ay prod!ce a higher a"plit!de at a longer bea" path. This bea" path sho!ldnot be !sed for calibration.

+vi or contact exa"ination, the te"perat!re of the exa"ination and basic calibration

bloc s!rfaces sho!ld be ithin 25°.

+vii or i""ersion exa"ination, the co!plant te"perat!re for calibration sho!ld be ithin

25° of the co!plant te"perat!re !sed in act!al scanning or appropriate

co"pensations for angle and sensitivity changes shall be "ade.

+viii /ach calibration sho!ld be perfor"ed fro" the s!rface +clad or !nclad correspondingto the s!rface of the co"ponent fro" hich the exa"ination ill be perfor"ed.

+ix or angle bea" probe the calibration sho!ld provide the folloing "eas!re"ents*

+a $eep range +ti"e base calibration.

+b Distance a"plit!de correction.+c 9osition calibration.+d /cho a"plit!de "eas!re"ent fro" the s!rface notch in the basic calibration

bloc.+e ea" spread both in horizontal and vertical planes. These data are intended

for !se in co"paring s!ccessive sets of syste" calibration data. f!rther intent is to have these data available as "ore sophisticated "ethods of flasizing are developed. Coever, this calibration sho!ld only be done hen!ltrasonic testing is applied for the in-service inspection of a vessel.

+f 0hen an electronic distance a"plit!de correction device is !sed, the pri"aryreference response sho!ld be e)!alized at a no"inal constant screen height at

or beteen %> to <>F of f!ll screen height over the distance range to bee"ployed in the exa"ination.+x The "ethod of calibration of a nor"al bea" probe sho!ld provide the folloing

"eas!re"ents*

+a $eep range calibration+b Distance a"plit!de correction.+c 0hen an electronic distance a"plit!de correction device is !sed, the pri"ary

reference response sho!ld be e)!alized at a no"inal constant screen height ator beteen %> to <>F of f!ll screen height over the distance range to bee"ployed in the exa"ination.

+xi calibration chec on at least to of the basic reflectors in basic calibration bloc or a chec !sing a si"!lator sho!ld be "ade at the finish of each exa"ination, every %ho!rs d!ring the exa"ination, and hen exa"ination personnel +except for "echanized e)!ip"ent are changed. The seep range and distance a"plit!decorrection sho!ld satisfy the folloing re)!ire"ents*

+a &f any point on the D4 c!rve has "oved on the seep line "ore than 1>Fof the seep division reading, then seep range calibration sho!ld becorrected, and this correction sho!ld be noted in the exa"ination record. &f recordable reflectors are noted on the data sheet, test data sheet sho!ld bevoided, a ne calibration sho!ld be recorded, and the voided exa"ination

sho!ld be repeated.+b &f any point on the D4 c!rve has decreased 2>F or 2 d of its a"plit!de,

all data sheets since the last valid calibration or calibration chec shall be"ared void. ne calibration sho!ld be "ade and the void exa"ination

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7 - 21

areas sho!ld be re-exa"ined. &f any point on the D4 has increased "orethan 2>F or 2 d of its a"plit!de, all recorded indications since the last validcalibration or calibration chec sho!ld be eval!ated ith the correctedcalibration and their val!e sho!ld be changed on the data sheet.

+xii 0hen any part of the exa"ination syste" is changed, a calibration chec sho!ld be"ade on the basic calibration bloc to verify that 1@%, 1@2 and =@% T points on theseep and D4 c!rve val!es recorded satisfy the re)!ire"ents of +xi a 8 b.

+xiii D!ring calibration, any control that affects the instr!"ent linearity +e.g. filter, re'ect,etc. sho!ld be in the off or "ini"!" position for linearity chec, calibration andexa"ination.

+xiv ny si"!lator checs that are !sed sho!ld be corrected ith the original calibrationon the basic calibration bloc !sed d!ring the original calibration. The si"!lator checs "ay !se different types of calibration reflector or bloc +s!ch as &&0 and or electronic si"!lation. Coever, the si"!lation !sed shall be co"pletely identifiableon the calibration sheet+s. The si"!lator chec sho!ld be "ade on the entireexa"ination syste". The entire exa"ination does not have to be checed in oneoperation, hoever, for its chec the probe sho!ld be connected to the !ltrasonicinstr!"ent and checed against a calibration reflector. cc!racy of the si"!lationchec sho!ld be confir"ed, !sing the basic calibration bloc at the concl!sion of each

period of extended !se or every three "onths hichever is less. The calibrationconfir"ation of +xi a 8 b sho!ld be "et.

7.$ SO%E ULTRASONIC TESTING STANDARDS

7.$.1 A"ri*an so*i"t o# "*ani*a' "ngin""rs /AS%E0

Standard no. Tit'"

8 9: 4ode #on-destr!ctive /xa"ination.$ection :-;5 rticle 1 * eneral re)!ire"ents

rticle % * Altrasonic exa"ination "ethods for in-service inspectionrticle 5 * Altrasonic exa"ination "ethods for "aterials andfabricationrticle 2= * Altrasonic standards.

$/ $ec. &&& #-25=> * /xa"ination and repair of plate

#-25%>* /xa"ination and repair of forging and bar #-25%2* Altrasonic exa"inations. #-2552 * !ltrasonic exa"ination of repair of sea"less andelded t!b!lar prod!cts and fittings

#-2572* Altrasonic exa"ination of ferritic steel castings. #-25<> * /xa"ination of bolts, st!ds and n!ts. #-25<% * Altrasonic exa"ination for sizes greater than 2 in +5> "" #-25<5 * Altrasonic exa"ination for sizes over % in +1>> "". #-5==> * Altrasonic acceptance standards

$/ $ec. :&&& -2>=.1 * Altrasonic exa"ination, plate "aterial.

2>=.=* Altrasonic exa"ination, forgings.ppendix :&& * /xa"ination of steel castingA <2 += * Altrasonic exa"ination. 252.2 * Altrasonic exa"ination for steel casting.

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7 - 22

$/ $ec. :&&& 9ress!re vesselsppendix && * Altrasonic exa"ination of eld 'oints.ppendix & * #on-destr!ctive exa"inationrticle ;-= * Altrasonic exa"ination of elds.90 52 * cceptance standard for !ltrasonic exa"ination.

$/ $ec. & !les for in-service inspection of n!clear poer plant co"ponents&0-22=2 * Altrasonic exa"ination of class 1 and 2 ferritic steel

piping syste".

7.$.2 A"ri*an so*i"t #or t"sting and at"ria's /AST%0

Standard no. Tit'"

2>-7< eneral re)!ire"ents for steel plates for press!re vessels$< * !ltrasonic exa"ination in accordance ith %=5.

21-7< 4arbon steel axles, nonheat-treated and heat treated, for railay !se <* Altrasonic inspection.

25-77 0ro!ght steel heels for electric railay service11.% * Altrasonic test.

2>2-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, 4r-n-$i.

2>=-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, #i.

2>%-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, o.

225-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, n-:.

2;>-7< 4arbon and alloy steel forgings for rings for red!ction gears,s!pple"entary re)!ire"ents$=.2 * Altrasonic test.

2;1-7< 4arbon and alloy steel forgings for pinions and gears for red!ctiongears, s!pple"entary re)!ire"ents$=.2 * Altrasonic exa"ination.

2;;-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, n-$i.

=>2-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, n-o and n-o-#i.

==<-7< $ea"less and elded titani!" and titani!" alloy t!bes condensers andheat exchangers1>.= * #on-destr!ctive electric or !ltrasonic test.

=5=-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, ;F #i do!ble nor"alized andte"pered.

=6;-76 4arbon and ferritic alloy steel forged and bored pipe for high-

te"perat!re service$= * Altrasonic test.

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7 - 2=

=72-7< 4arbon and alloy steel forgings for thin-alled press!re vessels,s!pple"entary re)!ire"ents$5 * Altrasonic exa"ination.

=76-77 $ea"less a!stenitic steel pipe for high-te"perat!re central-station

service$6 * Altrasonic test.

=<7-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, 4r-o.

=<<-;% Altrasonic exa"ination of heavy steel forgings.

%>=-7< 0ro!ght a!stenitic stainless steel piping fittings$6 * Altrasonic test.

%1<-;% Test "ethod for !ltrasonic inspection of t!rbine and generator steelrotor forgings.

%26-75 4entrif!gally cast ferritic alloy steel pipe for high-te"perat!re service$< * Altrasonic test.

%=>-77 !stenitic steel forged and bored pipe for high-te"perat!re service$6 * Altrasonic testing.

%=5-;> $pecification for straight-bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination of steel platesfor press!re vessels.

%%2-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, carbon steel, i"proved transition properties.

%52-75 4entrif!gally cast a!stenitic alloy steel cold-ro!ght pipe for high-te"perat!re service$< * Altrasonic test.

%6>-77 :ac!!"-treated steel forgings for generator rotors7.= * Altrasonic inspection.

%7>-7< :ac!!"-treated carbon and alloy steel forgings for t!rbine rotors andshafts7.= * Altrasonic inspection.

%71-7> :ac!!"-treated alloy forgings for t!rbine rotor dis and heels7.= * Altrasonic inspection.

5>=-75 +;% Altrasonic exa"ination of large forged cranshafts.

5>%-77 0ro!ght carbon steel heels15.5 * Altrasonic exa"ination

5><-7< J!enched and te"pered vac!!"-treated carbon and alloy steelforgings for press!re vessels7.= * Altrasonic-inspection.

511-77 $ea"less stainless steel "echanical t!bing$= * #on-destr!ctive tests.

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7 - 2%

515-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, carbon steel, for inter"ediate and higherte"perat!re service.

516-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, carbon steel, for "oderate and loerte"perat!re service.

517-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, high-strength, )!enched andte"pered.

521-76 $teel, closed-i"pression die forgings for general ind!strial !se$5 * Altrasonic tests.

5=1@ 5=1 -;1 9ractice for !ltrasonic inspection of t!rbine-generator steel retainingrings

5==-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, )!enched and te"pered n-oand n-o-#i.

5=7-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, heat treated 4-n-$i steel.

5=<-77 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, precipitation hardening +"araging1<F #i.

5%>-77a lloy-steel bolting "aterials for special applications$= * Altrasonic test.

5%1-7< $teel forgings, carbon and alloy )!enched and te"pered, for press!revessel co"ponents

$2 * Altrasonic inspection.

5%2-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, )!enched and te"pered 4r-o.

5%=-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, )!enched and te"pered #i-4r-o.

552-76 orged or rolled < and ;F nicel alloy steel, flanges, fittings, valves,and parts for lo-te"perat!re service$1.1 * Altrasonic tests.

55=-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, )!enched and te"pered < and;F #i.

556-76 $ea"less cold-dran carbon steel feedater heater t!bes$1 8 $2 * #on-destr!ctive !ltrasonic testing.

557-76 /lectric-resistance-elded carbon steel feedater t!bes$1 * #on-destr!ctive !ltrasonic testing.

562-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, n-Ti for glass or diff!sed "etalliccoatings.

577-77 Altrasonic, angle-bea" exa"ination of steel plates.

57<-77 $traight-bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination of plain and clad steel plates forspecial applications.

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7 - 25

57;-77 $!perstrength alloy steel forgings6.% * Altrasonic inspection.

5<=-77 4ast steel heels for railay service<.2 * Altrasonic testing.

5<7-7< /lectric-elded lo-carbon steel pipe for the che"ical ind!stry6 * #on-destr!ctive test.

5;>-77 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, precipitation- hardening +"araging,12F #i.

6>>-76 Cigh-speed tool steel$2 * Altrasonic )!ality.

6>5-77 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, )!enched and te"pered #i-4o-o-4r.

6>;-7< Bongit!dinal bea" !ltrasonic inspection of carbon and lo-alloy steelcastings.

612-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, carbon steel, high strength for "oderate andloer te"perat!re service.

61=-76 $pecial re)!ire"ents for steel castings for n!clear and other specialapplications2.2 * ? Altrasonic exa"ination.

61%-76 $pecial re)!ire"ents for bolting "aterial for n!clear and other specialapplications1% * ? Altrasonic exa"ination.

6=1-7% 4ast steel heels for electrical railay service11.6 * Altrasonic inspection.

6%5-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, 5F #i alloy steel, specially heat treat"ent.

6%6-77 9re"i!" )!ality alloy steel bloo"s and billet for aircraft andaerospace forgings7.= * #on-destr!ctive testing, !ltrasonic inspection

652-77 $pecial re)!ire"ents for ro!ght steel elding fittings for n!clear andother special applications17 * A? Altrasonic exa"ination.

65% $pecial re)!ire"ents for steel forgings and bars for n!clear and otherspecial applications2.1 * ? Altrasonic exa"ination.

655-77 $pecial re)!ire"ents for pipe and t!bing for n!clear and other specialapplications

17 * ? Altrasonic exa"ination.

65<-77 9ress!re vessel plates, alloy steel, =6F #i.

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7 - 26

66>-76 4entrif!gally cast carbon steel pipe for high-te"perat!re service$< * Altrasonic tests.

662-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, 4-n for "oderate and loer te"perat!re.

66<-7< $teel forgings, carbon and alloy, for general ind!strial !se$7* Altrasonic test.

671-77 /lectric-f!sion-elded steel pipe for at"ospheric and loerte"perat!res$1> * $traight bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination of flat plate - AT1$11 * $traight bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination of flat plate - AT2$12 * ngle bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination +plate less than2 in. +5>.< "" thic - AT=.

672-77 /lectric-f!sion-elded steel pipe for high-press!re service at"oderate te"perat!res$1> * $traight bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination of flat plate - AT1$11 * $traight bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination of flat plate - AT2$12 * ngle bea" !ltrasonic exa"ination +plate less than2 in. +5>.< "" thic - AT=.

6<1-76 lloy tool steels$1 * Altrasonic )!ality.

6<6-7= 4arbon tools steels

$1 * Altrasonic )!ality.

6;1-77 4arbon and alloy steel pipe, electric-f!sion-elded for high-press!reservice at high-te"perat!res$7 * Altrasonic test.

7>=-77 eneral re)!ire"ents applicable to steel castings for press!re-containing parts$7 * Altrasonic inspection.

7>7-76 langes, forged, carbon and alloy steel for lo-te"perat!re service

1% * Altrasonic exa"ination$< * dditional !ltrasonic test re)!ire"ent.

711-7% 4arbon and alloy steel bloo"s, billets and slabs for forging$12 * Altrasonic exa"ination.

72=-77 lloy steel forgings for high-strength press!re co"ponent applications<.1 * Altrasonic exa"ination.

72%-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, carbon steel, )!enched and te"pered, forelded layered press!re vessels.

72;-77 lloy steel axles, heat-treated, for "ass transit and electric railayservice< * Altrasonic inspection.

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7 - 27

7=5-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, lo carbon n-o-4b alloy steel, for"oderate and loer te"perat!re service.

7=6-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, lo carbon age hardening #i-4r-o-4balloy steel.

7=7-7< 9ress!re vessel plates, high-strength, lo-alloy steel.

7%5-77 Altrasonic exa"ination of a!stenitic steel forgings.

=5>-7= ?irconi!" and zirconi!" alloy ingots for n!clear applications; * Altrasonic test.

=5=-77 0ro!ght zirconi!" and zirconi!" alloy sea"less and elded t!besfor n!clear service

12 * Altrasonic inspectionnnex = * eco""ended proced!re for !ltrasonic testing ofzirconi!" and zirconi!" alloy t!bing for n!clear serviceppendices*1 * n advisory g!ide to transd!cer selection2 * n advisory g!ide to transd!cer positioning.

%;5-77 ?irconi!" ingots for non-n!clear applications7 * Altrasonic test

5>;-77 $!pple"entary re)!ire"ents for nicel alloy plate for n!clear

applications5 * ? Altrasonic exa"ination.

51>-77 $!pple"entary re)!ire"ents for nicel alloy rod and bar for n!clearapplications6 * Altrasonic exa"ination.

51=-7; $!pple"entary re)!ire"ents for nicel alloy sea"less pipe and t!befor n!clear applications6 * ? Altrasonic exa"inations.

515-7; 0elded nicel-iron-chro"i!" alloy t!bes6.5 * #on-destr!ctive tests.

516-7; 0elded nicel-chro"i!"-iron alloy +A#$ #o. 66>> t!bes6.% * #on-destr!ctive tests.

517-7; 0elded nicel-chro"i!"-iron alloy +A#$ #o. 66>> pipe6.= * #on-destr!ctive tests.

521-7% Tantal!" and tantal!" alloy t!bing7.1 * Altrasonic test.

5%<-;> ethod for !ltrasonic inspection of al!"ini!" alloy plate for press!revessels.

7/23/2019 U2-Ch7


7 - 2<

5;%-7% Altrasonic inspection of al!"ini!"-alloy ro!ght prod!cts foraerospace applications.

4 5;7 Test "ethod for p!lse velocity thro!gh concrete.

D 2<%5-;> Test "ethod for laboratory deter"ination of p!lse velocities and!ltrasonic elastic constants of roc.

D 2;66 Test "ethod for cavitation erosion corrosion characteristics ofal!"ini!" in engine coolants !sing !ltrasonic energy.

/ %; eas!ring !ltrasonic velocity in "aterials.

/ 11=-7% Altrasonic testing by the resonance "ethod

/ 11%-<5 Altrasonic p!lse-echo straight-bea" testing by the contact "ethod

/ 127-75 abricating and checing al!"ini!" alloy !ltrasonic standardreference blocs.

/ 16% Altrasonic contact inspection of eld"ents.

/ 21=-;= Altrasonic inspection of "etal pipe and t!bing for longit!dinaldiscontin!ities.

/ 21%-6<+;1 9ractice for i""ersed !ltrasonic testing by the reflection "ethod!sing p!lsed longit!dinal aves.

/ 27=-;= Altrasonic inspection of longit!dinal and spiral elds of elded pipeand t!bing.

/ =17-7; /val!ation perfor"ance characteristics of !ltrasonic p!lse-echotesting syste" itho!t the !se of electronic "eas!re"ent instr!"ents.

/ %2<-;2 9ractice for fabrication and control of steel reference blocs !sed in!ltrasonic inspection.

/ %5=-7;+;> eco""ended practice for exa"ination of f!el ele"ent claddingincl!ding the deter"ination of the "echanical properties.

/ %;%-;5 9ractice for "eas!ring !ltrasonic velocity in "aterials.

/ 5>>-7% Altrasonic testing +standard definitions of ter"s.

/ 5<7-;% 9ractice for !ltrasonic angle bea" exa"ination by the contact "ethod.

/ 5<<-<< 9ractice for detection of large incl!sions in bearing )!ality steel by the!ltrasonic "ethod.

/ 66%-;= 9ractice for the "eas!re"ent of the apparent atten!ation oflongit!dinal !ltrasonic aves by i""ersion "ethod

/ 7;7-;% 9ractice for "eas!ring thicness by "an!al !ltrasonic p!lse-echocontact "ethod

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7 - 2;

/ 1>>1-;> 9ractice for detection and eval!ation of discontin!ities by thei""ersed p!lse-echo !ltrasonic "ethod !sing longit!dinal aves

/ 1>65-;2 !ide for eval!ating characteristics of !ltrasonic search !nits

/ 115<-;> +;% !ide for "aterials selection and fabrication of reference blocs forthe p!lsed longit!dinal ave !ltrasonic exa"ination of "etal and"etal alloy prod!ction "aterial

/ 1=15-;= 9ractice for !ltrasonic exa"ination of steel ith convex cylindricallyc!rved entry s!rfaces

/ 1=2%-;2 !ide for "eas!ring so"e electronic characteristics of !ltrasonicexa"ination instr!"ents

/ 1%5%-;2 !ide for data fields for co"p!terized transfer of digital !ltrasonictesting data

6>> #on-destr!ctive !ltrasonic eval!ation of socet and b!tt 'oints ofther"oplastic piping.

%6 eco""ended practice for exa"ination and eval!ation of pittingcorrosion.

7.$.$ Int"rnationa' instit(t" o# "'ding /II0

Standard no. Tit'"

&&0 :4 1%<-6;@(/ 4haracteristics of !ltrasonic fla detection e)!ip"ent

&&$@&&0-127-6% ehavio!r of !ltrasonic aves in the presence of vario!s defects inelds.

&&$@&&0-2>5-66 Draft reco""ended practice for the !ltrasonic inspection of b!ttelds.

&&$@&&0-27<-67 eco""ended proced!re for the deter"ination of certain !ltrasonic p!lse-echo e)!ip"ent characteristics by the &&0 calibration bloc.

&&$@&&0-=1>-6< Bi"itations inherent in the !se of !ltrasonic for the exa"ination of

elds.

&&$@&&0-675-<1 Altrasonic techni)!es for the )!antitative eval!ation of eld defectsand their li"itations.

7.$.+ Int"rnationa' organization #or standardization /ISO0

Standard no Tit'"

7/23/2019 U2-Ch7


7 - =>

&$( 2%>>-1;72 0elds in $teel - reference bloc for the calibration of e)!ip"ent of!ltrasonic exa"ination.

&$(-%=<6 #on-destr!ctive testing.9art 1-;2 Altrasonic testing of bond in "etallic "!ltilayer plain bearings

&$(-7;6=-<5 0elds in steel - calibration bloc #o. 2 for !ltrasonic exa"ination ofelds.

&$(-;=>=-<; $ea"less and elded +except s!b"erged arc-elded steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - f!ll peripheral !ltrasonic testing for the detectionof longit!dinal i"perfections.

&$(-;=>5-<; $ea"less steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - f!ll peripheral !ltrasonictesting for the detection of transverse i"perfection.

&$(-;76%-<; /lectric resistance and ind!ction elded steel t!bes for press!re

p!rposes - !ltrasonic testing of the elded sea" for the detection oflongit!dinal i"perfections.

&$(-;765-;> $!b"erged arc-elded steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - !ltrasonictesting of the eld sea" for the detection of longit!dinal and@ortransverse i"perfections.

&$(-1>12%-;% $ea"less and elded +except s!b"erged arc-elded steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - !ltrasonic testing for the detection of la"inari"perfections.

&$(-1>==2-;% $ea"less and elded +except s!b"erged arc-elded steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - !ltrasonic testing for the verification of hydra!liclea tightness.

&$(-1>5%=-;= $ea"less and hot-stretch-red!ced elded steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - f!ll peripheral !ltrasonic thicness testing.

&$(-11%;6-;= $ea"less and elded steel t!bes for press!re p!rposes - !ltrasonictesting of t!be ends for the detection of la"inar i"perfections.

&$(-12>;%-;% Altrasonic testing for the detection of la"inar i"perfections instrips@plates !sed in the "an!fact!re of elded t!bes.

7.$.3 G"ran standards organization /D"(ts*"s instit(t #(r nor(ng0 /DIN0

Standard no Tit'"

D&# 5%11;-<1 Altrasonic testing definitions.

D&# 5%12>-7= Altrasonic calibration bloc #o. 1 and its !se for ad'!sting andchecing !ltrasonic p!lse-echo e)!ip"ent.

D&# 5%122 Altrasonic calibration bloc #o. 2 and its !se for the ad'!st"ent and

control of !ltrasonic p!lse-echo e)!ip"ent.

D&#-5%12=-<> #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic "ethod of testing claddings, prod!ced by elding, rolling and explosion.

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7 - =1

D&#-5%12%-1-<= #on-destr!ctive testing - control of properties of !ltrasonic testsyste"s - si"ple controls.

D&#-5%125-<; #on-destr!ctive testing - "an!al !ltrasonic exa"ination of elded 'oints.

D&#-5%126-2-<2 #on-destr!ctive testing - r!les for !ltrasonic testing - re)!ire"ents for test syste"s and test ob'ects.

D&#-5%127-1-<; #on-destr!ctive testing - calibration of !ltrasonic fla detectione)!ip"ent echo height eval!ation.

D&# /# 5<=-1-;2 Altrasonic exa"ination - general principles.

D&# /# 5<=-=-;% #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic exa"ination - trans"issiontechni)!e.

D&# /# 1==>-%-;5 #on-destr!ctive testing - ter"inology - ter"s !sed in !ltrasonictesting.

D&# /# 171=-;5 #on-destr!ctive exa"ination of elds - !ltrasonic exa"ination -characterization of i"perfections in elds.

D&# /# 171%-;5 #on-destr!ctive testing of elds - !ltrasonic exa"ination of elded 'oints.

D&# /# 1>22<-=-;5 #on-destr!ctive testing of steel forgings - !ltrasonic testing of ferriticor "artensitic steel forgings.

D&# /# 1>2%6-15-;5 #on-destr!ctive testing of steel t!bes - !ltrasonic testing of strip@plate!sed in the "an!fact!re of elded steel t!bes for the detection ofla"inar i"perfections.

D&# /# 12>62-;5 #on-destr!ctive exa"ination of elds - general r!les.

D C9 5@=-<; an!fact!re and testing of 'oints - non-destr!ctive testing of elded 'oints.

D C9 5@= nlage #on-destr!ctive testing of elded 'oints - "ini"!" re)!ire"ent for12-<; non-destr!ctive testing "ethods.

7.$.4 5ritis standards instit(tion /5SI0

Standard no Tit'"

$ 1<<1 Testing concrete9art 2>=-<6 * eco""endations for "eas!re"ent of velocity of!ltrasonic p!lses in concrete.

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7 - =2

$ 27>%-<= $pecification for calibration bloc for !se in !ltrasonic fla detection.

$ =>5;-7< $teel boiler and s!perheater t!be9art 2 ppendix * Altrasonic testing of t!bes for longit!dinal defects.

$ =6<= lossary of ter"s !sed in non-destr!ctive testing9art %-<5 * Altrasonic fla detection.

$ =6<6 lossary of ter"s !sed in non-destr!ctive testing.9art %* Altrasonic fla detection.

$ =<<; ethods for non-destr!ctive testing of pipes and t!bes.9art 1* !ltrasonic testing of ferro!s pipes +excl!ding cast.

$ =;15-65 4arbon and lo alloy steel press!re vessels for pri"ary circ!its ofn!clear reactorsppendix D * Altrasonic inspection of plates.

$ =;2= ethods for !ltrasonic exa"ination of elds.9art 1 * an!al exa"ination of f!sion elded b!tt 'oints in ferriticsteels.9art 2 * !to"atic exa"ination of f!sion elded b!tt 'oints in ferriticsteels.

$ %><>-66 ethods for non-destr!ctive testing of steel castings.

$ %12%-;1 ethods for !ltrasonic detection of i"perfections in steel forgings.

$ %==1 ethod for assessing the perfor"ance characteristics of !ltrasonicfla detection e)!ip"ent.9art 1 * (verall perfor"ance, on-site "ethods9art 2 * /lectrical perfor"ance9art = * !idance on the in-service "onitoring of probes +excl!dingi""ersion probes.

$ %==6-6< ethods for non-destr!ctive testing of plate "aterial.9art 1* Altrasonic detection of la"inar i"perfections in ferro!sro!ght plate.

$ %%><-7% eco""endations for non-destr!ctive "ethods of test for concrete.9art 5* 1;7% "eas!re"ent of the velocity of !ltrasonic p!lses inconcrete.

$ 55>>-76 Anfired f!sion elded press!re vessels5.6.6.2* Altrasonic techni)!es5.7* cceptance criteria for eld defects revealed by vis!alexa"ination and non-destr!ctive testing.

$ 5;;6-;= $pecification for acceptance levels for internal i"perfections in steel plate, strip and ide flats, based on !ltrasonic testing.

$ 6>72-<6 ethod for "agnetic particle fla detection.

$ 62><-;> ethods for !ltrasonic testing of ferritic steel castings incl!ding)!ality levels.

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7 - ==

$ 75<5 etallic "!ltilayer plain bearings9art 1-;2 * ethod for non-destr!ctive !ltrasonic testing of bond.

$ 77>6-;= !ide to calibration and setting !p of the !ltrasonic ti"e of flightdiffraction +T(D techni)!e for the detection, location and sizing of

flas.

$ =6-<% ethod for !ltrasonic testing of special forgings by an i""ersiontechni)!e !sing flat-botto" holes as reference standard.

$/# 27;6=-;2 $pecification for calibration bloc #o. 2 for !ltrasonic exa"ination ofelds.

DD 2< ethod of !ltrasonic inspection of t!rbines and co"pressor discs!sing the : diagra" techni)!e.

DTD ;=6 Altrasonic inspection of al!"ini!" alloy forgings.

DTD ;=7 Altrasonic inspection of al!"ini!" alloy plate.

=6 Altrasonic testing of special forgings by an i""ersion techni)!e !singflat botto" holes as reference standard.

7.$.7 6a!an"s" ind(stria' standards *oitt"" /6ISC0

Standard no Tit'"

3&$ <2%>-7; 4onstr!ction of refrigerant press!re vessels

7.<.6 * Altrasonic testing.

3&$ <2%2-77 4onstr!ction of horizontal B9 gas storage tan;.2.2 * Altrasonic testing.

3&$ <2%=-77 4onstr!ction of press!re vessels12.<.6 * Altrasonic testing.

3&$ <5>1-76 4onstr!ction of steel oil storage tan $ection 7, ppendix 6 * Altrasonic testing for elds.

3&$ >5<2-;> Altrasonic exa"ination for steel pipes and t!bes.

3&$ >5<%-;> Altrasonic exa"ination for arc elded steel pipes.

3&$ >5<7-<7 ethods for !ltrasonic exa"ination for carbon and lo alloy steelforgings.

3&$ >6>1-77 Testing "ethods of clad steel5 * Altrasonic testing.

3&$ ><>1-;= Altrasonic exa"ination of steel plates for press!re vessels.

3&$ =6>1-77 $tainless-clad steel1> * 4ondition of 'oint12.% * ange of fla detectors.

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7 - =%

3&$ =6>2-<> #icel and nicel alloy clad steel; * 4ondition of 'oint11.% * ange of fla detectors.

3&$ =6>%-<> 4opper and copper alloy clad steel

1> * 4ondition of 'oint12.5 * ange of fla detectors.

3&$ C >516-;2 Altrasonic inspection of titani!" pipes and t!bes.

3&$ ? 2=%%-;= eneral r!les for !ltrasonic testing of "etals by the p!lse-echotechni)!eppendix 1* eas!re"ent 8 classification of a"plifier linearityppendix 2* eas!re"ent of ti"e-base linearityppendix =* eas!re"ent 8 classification of far-field resol!tionppendix %* eas!re"ent of gain "arginppendix 5* eas!re"ent of characteristics of angle-bea" probe.

3&$ ? 2=%5-;% $tandard test blocs for !ltrasonic testing.

3&$ ? 2=5>-;2 ethod for "eas!re"ent of perfor"ance characteristics of !ltrasonic probes.

3&$ ? 2=51-;2 ethod for assessing the electrical characteristics of !ltrasonic testinginstr!"ent !sing p!lse echo techni)!e.

3&$ ? 2=52-;2 ethod for assessing the overall perfor"ance characteristics of!ltrasonic p!lse echo testing instr!"ent.

3&$ ? 2=5=-;1 ethods for "eas!re"ent of !ltrasonic velocity in solids by p!lsetechni)!e !sing reference test pieces.

3&$ ? 2=5%-;2 ethod for "eas!re"ent of !ltrasonic atten!ation coefficient of solids by p!lse techni)!e.

3&$ ? 2=55-;% ethods for "eas!re"ent of thicness by !ltrasonic p!lse techni)!e.

3&$ ? =>=1-75 #on-destr!ctive testing sy"bols for elds.

3&$ ? =>5>-7< ethod of non-destr!ctive inspection for eld of pipeline%.= * Altrasonic testing.

3&$ ? =>6>-;% ethod for !ltrasonic exa"ination for elds of ferritic steel.

3&$ ? =>61-<= ethod of !ltrasonic "an!al testing for ferritic steel elds on c!rved"aterials.

3&$ ? =>62-<< ethods of !ltrasonic exa"ination for gas press!re elds ofreinforcing defor"ed bats.

3&$ ? =><>-;5 ethods of !ltrasonic angle bea" exa"ination for b!tt elds of

al!"ini!" plates.

3&$ ? =><1-;% ethods of !ltrasonic angle bea" exa"ination for elds of al!"ini!" pipes and t!bes.

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7 - =5

3&$ ? =><2-;5 ethods of !ltrasonic exa"ination for T type elds of al!"ini!" plates.

3&$ ? =<71-<7 $tandard )!alification proced!re for !ltrasonic testing techni)!e ofal!"ini!" and al!"ini!" alloy elds.

#D&$ >6>1-77 !les for certification of non-destr!ctive testing personnel.

#D&$ 2>>1-<= Altrasonic testing ter"s.

#D&$ 21>=-7% ratic!le for !ltrasonic fla detector

#D&$ 21>5-76 /val!ation of perfor"ance characteristics of portable p!lse-echo!ltrasonic thicness "eter.

#D&$ 2=>5-7< $tandard test bloc type 21 and 22 !sed in !ltrasonic angle bea"testing.

#D&$ 2%>6-76 Altrasonic in-service inspection of o!tdoor oil storage tan.

#D&$ 2%>7-76 ethods for a!to"atic !ltrasonic testing of steel elds.

#D&$ 2%><-7; eas!ring "ethod of thicness by portable p!lse echo !ltrasonicthicness "eter.

#D&$ 2%1>-7; Altrasonic tande" test "ethod and classification of test res!lts forsteel elds.

#D&$ 2%11-<> $tandard "ethod of !ltrasonic exa"ination and classification ofexa"ination res!lts for carbon and lo alloy steel forgings.

7.$. Standards asso*iation o# A(stra'ia /SAA0

Standard no Tit'"

$ 1>65-<< #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic testing of carbon and lo alloysteel forgings.

$ 16==-<5 co!stics - glossary of ter"s and related sy"bols.

$ 1;2;-<1 #on-destr!ctive testing - glossary of ter"s.

$ 2><=-<1 4alibration blocs and their "ethods of !se in !ltrasonic testing.

$ 22>7-;% #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic testing of f!sion elded 'oints incarbon and lo alloy steel.

$ 2%52 #on-destr!ctive testing - deter"ination of thicness.

7/23/2019 U2-Ch7


7 - =6

$ 2%52.=-<5 Ase of !ltrasonic testing.

$ 2565-<2 #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic testing of steel castings andclassification of )!ality.

$ =67>-<; #on-destr!ctive testing - !ltrasonic testing of !niversal bea"s andcol!"ns.

$ =7<<-;> oilers and press!re vessels - in-service inspection.

7.$.8 Standards Co(n*i' o# Canada

Standard no Tit'"

4$ %<-9-6a eco""ended practices for !ltrasonic inspection of str!ct!ralelds.

4$ %<-9-7 4ertification of non-destr!ctive testing personnel +ind!strial!ltrasonic "ethod.

4$ 4#@4$ %<.7-;= 4ertification of non-destr!ctive testing personnel +ind!strial!ltrasonic "ethod

4$ 4#=-#2<5.%-<= 9eriodic inspection of 4#DA n!clear poer plantco"ponents.

4$ 4#=-#2<7.7-<> &n-service exa"ination and testing re)!ire"ents for concretecontain"ent str!ct!res for 4#DA n!clear poer plants.

4$ 4#@4$-#2<.5-;> 9eriodic inspection of 4#DA n!clear poer plantcontain"ent co"ponents.

4$ 4#@4$-#2<5.6.6-<< &nspection criteria for zirconi!" alloys.

4$ 4#@4$-#2<6.>-;2 (verall )!ality ass!rance progra""e re)!ire"ents for n!clear poer plants.

4$ 4#4$-#2<6.%-<6 4o""issioning )!ality ass!rance for n!clear poer plants.

4$ #2<7.5-;= /xa"ination and testing re)!ire"ents for concrete

contain"ent str!ct!res for 4#DA n!clear poer plants.

7.$.19 A"ri*an !"tro'"( instit(t" /API0

Standard no Tit'"

9& 5-7; 4asing, t!bing and drill pipe$ec. 1> * &nspection and re'ection.

9& 54-7; estricted yield strength casing and t!bing$ec. 1> * &nspection and re'ection.

9& 5-76 Cigh-strength casing, t!bing and drill pipe$ec. 1> * &nspection and re'ection.

7/23/2019 U2-Ch7


7 - =7

9& 5B-7< Bine pipe$ec. ; * #on-destr!ctive inspection.

9& 5B$-7< $piral-eld line pipe$ec. 7 * #on-destr!ctive inspection.

9& 5BA-7< Altra high-test heat treated line pipe$ec. 7 * #on-destr!ctive inspection.

9& 5B-7< Cigh-test line pipe$ec. 7 * #on-destr!ctive inspection.

7.$.11 %is*"''an"o(s standards

Standard no Tit'"

1;7; Altrasonic standard for plateH extr!ded, rolled or cold

+l!"ini!" finished bar and shapeH and forgings and rings.$tandard and Data

rchitect!ral Altrasonic testing for elds of steel str!ct!res for b!ildings.&nstit!te of 3apan,$tandards-7;

#$& =1.1-77 9oer piping1=6.%.6 * Techni)!e and acceptance standards for !ltrasonicexa"ination.

#$& =1.=-76 4he"ical plant and petrole!" refinery piping==6.%.6 * Altrasonic exa"ination.

#$& =1.7-6; #!clear poer piping1-7=6.5.= * Altrasonic exa"ination of eldsppendix -2 * ethods for !ltrasonic exa"ination of elds.

0$ 2.%-7; $y"bols for elding and non-destr!ctive testing

0$ D 1.1-<1 $tr!ct!ral elding code +steel$ec. 6 * &nspection, 9art 4 * Altrasonic testing of groove elds.

DD 21-72+Drafts for J!ality grading of steel plate fro" 12 "" to 15> "" thic for develop"ent of $ develop"ent by "eans of !ltrasonic testing

3/4 =2>2-7; $tandards for non-destr!ctive inspection of stea" t!rbine rotors ofther"al poer plants$ec. 2 * Altrasonic testing.

3/4 %2>5-7% &n-service inspection of coolant press!re bo!ndary in n!clear vessels.

3/4 %7>1-7= $tandards for n!clear press!re vessels=.;.1 +1 * Altrasonic testing of plates.

=.;.2+1 * Altrasonic testing of forgings and bars.=.;.=+2 * Altrasonic testing of castings=.;.% += * ngle bea" !ltrasonic testing of pipes and t!bes.=.;.5 +2 * Altrasonic testing of bolts.

7/23/2019 U2-Ch7


7 - =<

6.2.2 * Altrasonic testing of eld 'oint6.2.= * Altrasonic testing of clad bond.

3$$ 1=-75 $tandards for !ltrasonic inspection of "arine forgings.

3$ +1;57 $tandards for !ltrasonic inspection of axles.+0orshop Dept.

&B &-<;5> K &-7> 9rocess for !ltrasonic inspection of ro!ght "etals.

&B A <1>55-6% eneral specifications for !ltrasonic i""ersion inspection of ro!ght"etals.

&T& #otification #otification for details of vessel constr!ction in refrigerant facilities #o. =7% rt. < * Altrasonic testing.

&T& #otifications Details for str!ct!re of n!clear poer plant facilities

#o. 5>1 rticle 7 * $traight bea" !ltrasonic testing.rticle < * ngle bea" !ltrasonic testing.

&T& (rdinance eneral r!les for elding of electric constr!ction #o. <1 rt. => * Altrasonic testing

rt. =1 * Altrasonic testing of clad bond.

&T& (rdinance Testing r!les for special facilities. #o. %

#L$ >>>1-7; Altrasonic inspection standard for gas press!re eld.

$/ 3 %2<a-72 Altrasonic inspection

0$9 >><-72 Altrasonic testing for elds of ater service steel pipes.

u2-ch7

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