types of ships
DESCRIPTION
An illustration of the different types of ships in the world.TRANSCRIPT
Types of ships
Prepared and presented by
T Jonas & A Simmonds
introduction
Types of ship
GENERAL CARGO
BULK CARRIERS CONTAINER
ROLL ON ROLL OFF
REEFERS
CRUISE SHIP TANKERS
General cargo
• General cargo ships usually have spacious holds with a carrying capacity of up to 20,000 t
• General cargo includes items which are: – packed (boxes, barrels, bags, packages) – or not packed (pipes, bricks, machinery, rolls of
wire).
• There are also refrigerator chambers to keep perishable foods, and tanks for carrying vegetable oils
General cargo
Bulk carriers
• Bulk-carriers (bulkers) carry loose goods which constitute about 70% of all the shipments carried by sea; speed - 14 - 16 knots, carrying capacity ranging from 30,000 to150,000 t
• Bulk-carriers do not have cargo-handling gear aboard and have their goods loaded/unloaded by means of port devices.
•
Bulk cargo includes: ore, coal and coke; building materials, such as cement and gravel; grain, salt and sugar.
• Bulkers can also be all-purpose i.e. they may export bulk cargo and import oil or vehicles.
Bulk carriers
CONTAINER ships
• Container ships – now have a carrying capacity of up to 30,000 t and speed of over 26 knots
• Goods are carried in huge boxes (called containers) of standard size. These containers, may carry anything:
• Fruit And Meat (In Special Refrigerator Containers), • Chemicals And Acids, Textile, Instruments And
Metals, • TV Sets, Radios And Computers, • Even Cars And Ships!
CONTAINER
Roll on – Roll off (ro-ro)
• Ro-ro ships - used for transporting motor vehicles and other wheeled equipment.
• Ro-ro ships sail at an average speed of 22 knots. A common "representative" of ro-ro type is the car carrier which usually has cars directly loaded on the ship without putting them in containers.
• Modern car carriers are capable of carrying about 6,500 automobiles
Roll on – Roll off (ro-ro)
reefers
• Reefers have a carrying capacity of up to 12,000 t
• They transport perishable foods such as fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and dairy, in holds with good heat and freezing insulation at a temperature varying from -25 C to +13 C depending on the type of cargo
• They sail at a speed of 18-22 knots which is higher than that of the common general-cargo ships because these perishable goods require faster delivery.
Reefer
Cruise ship
• Cruise ships are usually white-painted multi-decked vessels sailing at an average speed of 20-22 knots.
• Ramps at the stern make boarding of passengers easier.
• Also, machinery noise is brought to minimum for the convenience of passengers.
• Restaurants, bars, casinos, discos, swimming pools, fitness centers and shops make cruise ships look like a real resort complex.
Cruise ship
Cruise ship
tankers
• Over 65% of water transport are tankers transporting over 500,000 t crude oil and petroleum products at speeds of 12-20 knots.
• Each tank is equipped with a heating coil to keeps the cargo fluid making pumping easier and faster.
• Ship design also includes a "catwalk" which is a bridge connecting the superstructure (in the rear) with the forecastle (in the front).
• Thus, sailors do not have to walk along the deck to reach the forecastle machinery but can use this bridge. This is done as a safety measure because tankers have quite a low freeboard, and in a storm high waves may flow over the deck and threaten the crew.
tankers
acknowledgement