types of pollution are- 1.air pollution. 2.water pollution. 3.noise pollution. 4.land pollution
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1.Smoke from chimneys of factories.The Police - Synchronicity 2 - YouTube2.Smoke from Vehicles.
Discuss L.A, TORONTO, LONDON’S MOTHS , Beijing
3.Smoke from fires.
1.We should share vehicles for going to office.
2.We should get a regular pollution check of our vehicle. (RETIRE YOUR RIDE, CASH FOR CLUNKERS)
3.We should use a bicycle for going to near by places.
4.Chimneys of factories should be fitted with proper filters to prevent smokes from coming out and effect atmosphere.
1.Factories throw their waste in water bodies.
2.People bathe and wash clothes in water bodies.
3.Some oil ships drown in water which hardly effects the aquatic life.
4.Smoke from vehicles let the river to dry.
1.Factories should not throw their waste in water bodies.
2.People should not bathe and wash clothes in rivers or lakes.
3.People should not take their animals to take baths in rivers or lakes.
1.Jet planes.
2.Loud speakers and other loud speaking things.
3.Cinema halls.
4.Factories
5.Road traffic
1.We should not use loud speakers.
2.Factories should be made out of the city.
3.There should be not more noise making vehicles on the roads.
1.People Cut forest for furniture.
2.Plastic is the main source of land pollution (and sea).
3.People throw house garbage on roads.
4.Some industries throw their waste on land.
1.People should not cut trees for making furniture.
2.People should not throw garbage on land.
3.Plastic bags should be avoided for prevention of land pollution.
4.Industries should not throw there waste on land.
Types and Sources of Water PollutionTypes and Sources of Water Pollution
#1 problem - Eroded soils#1 problem - Eroded soils
Organic wastes, disease-causing agentsOrganic wastes, disease-causing agents
Chemicals, nutrientsChemicals, nutrients
Radioactive stuff, heatRadioactive stuff, heat
Point and Nonpoint Sources
NONPOINT SOURCES
Urban streets
Suburban development
Wastewater treatment plant
Rural homes
Cropland
Factory
Animal feedlot
POINT SOURCES
Major Problem: Drinking WaterMajor Problem: Drinking Water
Safe Drinking Water Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
EPA: Maximum contaminant levels (municipal, but not rural and private)
EPA: Maximum contaminant levels (municipal, but not rural and private)
1/2 of world’s people drink polluted water
1/2 of world’s people drink polluted water
Pollution of Surface Water: StreamsPollution of Surface Water: Streams D.O., B.O.D., fecal coliform bacteria count D.O., B.O.D., fecal coliform bacteria count
Pollution of Surface Water: LakesCultural eutrophication Cultural eutrophication
Slow turnover
Slow turnover
Accumulation of nutrients, excessive plant growth, algae blooms
Accumulation of nutrients, excessive plant growth, algae blooms
MississippiRiver Basin
MissouriRiver
OhioRiver
MississippiRiver
LOUISIANAMississippi
River
Depleted
Oxygen
Gulf of MexicoDead Zone
Groundwater Pollution: SourcesGroundwater Pollution: Sources Low flow rates Low flow rates Few bacteria Few bacteria
Cold temperatures Cold temperatures
Coal strip mine runoff
Pumping well
Waste lagoon
Accidental spills
Groundwater flow
Confined aquifer
Discharge
Leakage from faulty casing
Hazardous waste injection well
Pesticides
Gasoline station
Buried gasoline and solvent tank
Sewer
Cesspool septic tank
De-icing road salt
Unconfined freshwater aquifer
Confined freshwater aquifer
Water pumping well Landfill
Groundwater Pollution PreventionGroundwater Pollution Prevention
Monitoring aquifers - expensiveMonitoring aquifers - expensive
Leak detection systemsLeak detection systems
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal
Protecting recharge areas- aquifer classifications
Protecting recharge areas- aquifer classifications
Oil Spills Sources: offshore wells, tankers, pipelines and storage tanks
Sources: offshore wells, tankers, pipelines and storage tanks
Effects: death of organisms, loss of animal insulation and buoyancy, smothering
Effects: death of organisms, loss of animal insulation and buoyancy, smothering
Significant economic impacts Significant economic impacts
Short-term cleanup problems - beaches, wildlife Short-term cleanup problems - beaches, wildlife
Long-term cleanup problem - persistence (decades)
Long-term cleanup problem - persistence (decades)
Solutions: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution
Solutions: Preventing and Reducing Surface Water Pollution
Nonpoint SourcesNonpoint Sources Point SourcesPoint Sources
Reduce runoffReduce runoff
Buffer zone vegetation
Buffer zone vegetation
Reduce soilerosion
Reduce soilerosion
Water PollutionControl Act (1972)
Water PollutionControl Act (1972)
Clean Water Act(1977)- set effluent standards- secondary treatment
Clean Water Act(1977)- set effluent standards- secondary treatment
Technological Approach: Sewage Treatment
Mechanical and biological treatmentMechanical and biological treatment
Technological Approach: Septic Systems
Require suitable soils and maintenanceRequire suitable soils and maintenance
Air PollutionAir Pollution Harmful to life or materials Harmful to life or materials
Materials - soiled, corrosion of metals Materials - soiled, corrosion of metals
Plants - stunting, damage (crops, forests) Plants - stunting, damage (crops, forests)
Animals - respiratory, nervous system damage Animals - respiratory, nervous system damage
Humans - eye irritation, headache, dizziness,bronchitis, emphysema, cancer- young, old, heart and lung patients susceptible
Humans - eye irritation, headache, dizziness,bronchitis, emphysema, cancer- young, old, heart and lung patients susceptible
Air PollutionAir Pollution Primary pollutants Primary pollutants Secondary pollutants Secondary pollutants
Natural Sources - most primary pollutants
Decay processes, winds, volcaniceruptions, sea spray
Decay processes, winds, volcaniceruptions, sea spray
Widely dispersed- do not reach harmful levels
Widely dispersed- do not reach harmful levels
Human Sources - more importantConcentrated where the people areConcentrated where the people are
1) Stationary fuelcombustion
2) Industry
3) Transportation
1) Stationary fuelcombustion
2) Industry
3) Transportation
Air pollution problems influenced by:
Topography (thermal inversions)Topography (thermal inversions)
Climate (cool-moist, warm-dry)Climate (cool-moist, warm-dry)
Temperature InversionsEspecially in valleysEspecially in valleys
Los Angeles, Denver, WinonaLos Angeles, Denver, Winona
Industrial SmogIndustrial SmogCool, moistCool, moist
Primarypollutants
Primarypollutants
Worst in winter,at night
Worst in winter,at night
Chicago, LondonChicago, London
Photochemical SmogPhotochemical Smog
Warm, dry Warm, dry
Secondary pollutants
Secondary pollutants
Worst insummer, midday
Los Angeles
Worst insummer, midday
Los Angeles
NO from cars
Widespread Secondary Air Pollution: Acid Deposition
Widespread Secondary Air Pollution: Acid Deposition
Wet depositionWet depositionDry depositionDry deposition
Acid Deposition and Aquatic Systems Fish declines Fish declines
Undesirable species
Undesirable species
Aluminum toxicity
Aluminum toxicity
Acid shock Acid shock
Acid Deposition, Plants, and Soil Nutrient
leaching
Nutrient leaching
Heavy metal release
Heavy metal release
Weakens trees Weakens trees
Industrial Smog Control -sulfur dioxide and particulates
Industrial Smog Control -sulfur dioxide and particulates
Burn less fossil fuelsBurn less fossil fuels
Use alternative energy sourcesUse alternative energy sources
Burn low-sulfur coalBurn low-sulfur coal
Remove sulfur from coal (chemicals)Remove sulfur from coal (chemicals)
Stack scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators
Stack scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators
Photochemical Smog Control - nitrous oxide emissions
Photochemical Smog Control - nitrous oxide emissions
Use mass transitUse mass transit
Develop new enginesDevelop new engines
Develop new fuelsDevelop new fuels
Develop new emission controlsDevelop new emission controls
Solutions: Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
Solutions: Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
Clean Air Acts (1970, 1977)Clean Air Acts (1970, 1977)
1) Industrial emissions standards2) Automotive emissions standards3) Deadlines for meeting standards
1) Industrial emissions standards2) Automotive emissions standards3) Deadlines for meeting standards
Standards becoming stricter, requeststo extend deadlines- better technology needed
Standards becoming stricter, requeststo extend deadlines- better technology needed
Waste ManagementWaste ManagementIndustrial and agricultural wasteIndustrial and agricultural waste
Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste
Hazardous wastesHazardous wastes
Solid Waste in U.S.>300 lbs/person/daySolid Waste in U.S.>300 lbs/person/dayAgriculture - 13%Agriculture - 13%
Mining wastes - 75%Mining wastes - 75%
Industries - 9.5% (fly ash)Industries - 9.5% (fly ash)Municipal - 1.5% (4.6 lbs. per
person, 70% paper, food, yard wastes)
Municipal - 1.5% (4.6 lbs. per person, 70% paper, food, yard wastes)
Sewage sludge - 1%Sewage sludge - 1%
U.S. Municipal WastesMulti-billion dollar industryMulti-billion dollar industry
Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct - 1976- outlawed open dumping
Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct - 1976- outlawed open dumping
Managing Today’s Wastes Sanitary landfill - 54% Sanitary landfill - 54%
Recycling and composting - 30% Recycling and composting - 30%
Incineration - 16% (dioxin) Incineration - 16% (dioxin)
Sanitary Landfill
1) Synthetic liner
2) Earth cover
3) Leachate collection system
4) Methane venting
Changing Landfills
Filling up rapidlyFilling up rapidly
Difficult finding new sites
- restrictions- NIMBY - NOT IN MY BACK YARD!
Difficult finding new sites
- restrictions- NIMBY - NOT IN MY BACK YARD!
RecyclingRecyclingEasily isolated
from other wastes
Easily isolated from other wastes
Large quantities (60-80% of wastes)
Large quantities (60-80% of wastes)
Valuable Valuable
Recycling Aluminum, Wastepaper, and PlasticsRecycling Aluminum, Wastepaper, and Plastics
40% of aluminum recycled in US40% of aluminum recycled in US
Recycled aluminum uses over 90% fewer resources
Recycled aluminum uses over 90% fewer resources
Paper: preconsumer vs. postconsumer recycling
Paper: preconsumer vs. postconsumer recycling
10% or less of plastic recycled in US10% or less of plastic recycled in US
Plastics can be very difficult to recyclePlastics can be very difficult to recycle
Burning WastesMass burn incineration Mass burn incineration
Air pollution
Air pollution
Waste to energy
Waste to energy
Today’s ManagementToday’s Management
2) detoxification, incineration (5%)2) detoxification, incineration (5%)
Physical reactions Physical reactions
Chemical reactions Chemical reactions
Landfarming Landfarming
Burning Burning
Today’s ManagementToday’s Management3) Land disposal (90%)3) Land disposal (90%)
Landfills, pits, lagoons, injection wells,“midnight dumping”, sewage systems,surface waters
Landfills, pits, lagoons, injection wells,“midnight dumping”, sewage systems,surface waters
Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States
Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
EPA identifies hazardous wastes, setsstandards for management
EPA identifies hazardous wastes, setsstandards for management
Superfund - established to clean uphazardous waste sites
Superfund - established to clean uphazardous waste sites
Love Canal - Hooker Chemical plant insuburban Niagara Falls, NY
Love Canal - Hooker Chemical plant insuburban Niagara Falls, NY
ENVIRONMENT CANADA HANDLES THIS IN CANADA
• TAR PONDS-steel making process remnants, carcinogens
• HALIFAX HARBOUR-sewage treatment
• NIMBY-EXAMPLES?
• TAR SANDS TAILING PONDS
• Lake Athabaska Pollution due to Oil Industry
Trans Canada Keystone XL Pipeline not approved by Obama Administration
•“Since only 3% of oil sands oil has been used to date…”game over” for environment if we burn it all.”-Keystone xl rejected by State dept and Obama- “Big Oil’s” first REAL loss usually $ talks
• Obama says still wants US to move away from foreign oil -Environmentalists, scientists and native groups won. -Republicans demanded a decision before November election and forced Obama to rush-play to his constituents
• Trans Canada can reapply. Harper unhappy. Will sell to China.
• Ezra Levant Ethical Oil Versus Conflict Oil - YouTube• http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/
energy-and-resources/to-harpers-profound-disappointment-obama-rejects-keystone/article2306625/
• Air Pollution – YouTube• Rachel Carson Introduction – YouTube• DDT and Pesticides – YouTube• Tar Pond Song -Sydney NS Terminal Drive – YouTube• Rick Mercer Report : Save the Sydney Tar Ponds – YouTube• Sewage Flooding in Halifax – YouTube• How the Sewage Plant Broke – YouTube• Acid rain – YouTube• Acid Rain Eating Washington, D.C. – YouTube• Water Pollution: Saving the water – YouTube
• HouseSmarts Green Piece "Noise Pollution" Episode 111 – YouTube• Ain't Noise Pollution (High Quality) – YouTube• Campaigners fight noise pollution in bustling Mumbai – YouTube• Light pollution, the problem – YouTube