Types of communication

Syed Saeed Ul Hassan

University of Haripur

Classification/Types of Communication

•Interpersonal communication•Intrapersonal communication•Group Communication•Mass Communication

According to number of persons who receive the

message

•Verbal Communication•Non-Verbal Communication•Meta- Communication

On the basis of the medium employed

University of Haripur

Classification/Types of Communication

•Formal communication•Informal communication

On the basis of organizational structure

•Downward communication•Upward communication•Horizontal communication•Diagonal communication

On the basis of flow or direction

University of Haripur

Verbal/oral communicationOral Media: Where spoken words are used .It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, radio, telephone etc.

Written Media :Where written signs or symbols are used to communicate . A written message may be printed or hand written.

University of Haripur

Oral Face to face

Telephonic conversation

Interviews

Meetings

Lectures

Conferences

Symposiums

Radio Talks, TV, Cinema shows

Announcements

University of Haripur

Face to face Communication between two

or more people by direct contact.

Advantages:

Helps people to express ideas, feelings much better.

Helps to realize easily , the person is sincere or not.

Can get response Immediately, without misunderstanding.

Disadvantage:

It is less reliable.

Not suitable for lengthy message.

It provides no record for future reference.

It has language problem.

Influenced by self interest.

It does not provide sufficient time for thinking before conveying.

University of Haripur

Written communication

Advantages:

Information is in uniform manner.

Permanent record of communication.

Ideal way for lengthy messages.

Complete, clear, precise and correct.

Suited to convey large no of people.

Means of exchange at distant places.

Disadvantages:

Expensive

Time consuming and rigid, no scope for alterations.

Formal, lack personal touch.

May be interpreted in different manner.

various forms:

Reports

Circulars

Magazines

Manuals

Memoranda

Newspapers

Pictures, diagrams, graphs..

Orders

Notice boards..

University of Haripur

Non-Verbal

Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions are non verbal communication.

Types of nonverbal;

Kinesics(body language)

Haptics (touch language)

Proxemics ( space)

Chronemics( time)

Silence

Paralanguage

Sign

Nonverbal communicationyou cannot NOT communicate !

University of Haripur

Kinesics

Kinesics is the interpretation of body language such as facial expressions and gestures or, more formally, non-verbal behavior related to movement, either of any part of the body or the body as a whole.

-Facial expression

-Postures

-Body Movements

-Gestures

-Eye contact

-Haptics

Haptics

ProxemicsTo communicate while keeping a distance/ space.

The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by no of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality etc…

University of Haripur

Signs

EMOTICONS

Silence

Allowing silence in a conversation puts pressure on the other person.

Silence can indicate hostility.

Silence can indicate disagreement.

Silence can indicate respect.

Silence can indicate contemplation.

Silence can be the creation of a listening space.

Silence can be an indication of empathy.

University of Haripur

ParalanguageAttributes of speaking which include the pitch, the tone, the volume, tempo, rhythm, articulation, resonance, nasality and even the accent of the speaker collectively known as paralanguage.

University of Haripur

ChronemicsChronemics is the study of the use of time in nonverbal communication. The way that one perceives and values time, structures time and reacts to time frames communication. Across cultures, time perception plays a large role in the nonverbal communication...

University of Haripur

Interpersonal communication

Communication between two or more people called inter- personal communication

Intrapersonal Communication

Intra-personal communication is a process in which people communicate with themselves either consciously or unconsciously. University of Haripur

Group communication

Mass Communication

Communication through electronic gadgets (mass media0 like books, journals, TV, newspapers etc

University of Haripur

Meta communicationIt is a secondary communication (including indirect cues about how a piece of information is meant to be interpreted. It is based on idea that the same message accompanied by different meta-communication can mean something entirely different, including its opposite

University of Haripur

Informal communication Includes instances of free and unrestrained communication between people who share a casual rapport with each other.

Casual Conversation

Grapevine

Personal Conversation

No rules

Friend or family

Consensus

University of Haripur

Formal communicationFormal communication implies the flow of the information along the lines of authority formally established by the enterprise.

Conferences

Meetings

Memos

Policy manuals

Corporate letters..etc

Vertical communicationCommunication between a superior and subordinate is known as vertical communication.

Vertical communication maybe downward vertical communication or upward vertical communication.

University of Haripur

Downward communicationDownward communication follows the line of authority from the top to the bottom of the organization hierarchy. It is needed :

1. To get things done

2. prepare for changes

3. To discourage lack of understanding and suspicion

4. To let the member have a sense of belonging to the organization.

Meetings

Boss

Notices

Orders Memos

Letters

Bulletins

Announcements

Upward communicationUpward communication means the flow of information from the lower levels of the organization to the higher levels of authority.

It is needed:

1. To create receptiveness of communication

2. Active participation

3. To evaluate effectiveness of communication

4. Morale/coordination/ideas.

Diagonal CommunicationDiagonal communication is transfer of information between people who are neither in the same department nor on the same level of organization hierarchy is called diagonal communication.

Horizontal communicationThe transmission of information and understanding between people at the same level of organization hierarchy is called the horizontal communication i:e the communication between two departmental managers. Also called lateral or sideward communication.

Phew! Thank you!