types and components of computer systems camila rodríguez, senior i b
TRANSCRIPT
TYPES AND COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Camila Rodríguez, Senior I B
Hardware and Software Main components Memory Size of memory Backing storage and Operating systems User interfaces
Index
The parts of the computer you can feel or touch, are called HARDWARE. The computer itself is a hardware, and that’s obvious, but the computer inside your phones, is hardware too.
But the set of instructions that make your computer or mobile phone work is called SOFTWARE. The computer’s OPERATION SYSTEM is essential to keep the computer usable. There’re also APPLICATIONS or PROGRAMMES that allow us to play games or write letters.
Hardware and Software
Main components
Processor (Main
memory)2
Input Device1
Output Device3
Storage Device4
1 Input Device: Put data into the computer.2 Processor: Does something with the data given by the input.3 Output Device: Tell someone or something the result the processor had came up with.
4 Storage Device: Keeps all this data. If computers didn’t have this, all data will be lose.
Main memory/ IAS: It stores all the data the computer uses, or what it had produced. It’s electrical, so when it’s switched off, it forgets everything.
ROM (read only memory): Where software are stored, and we cannot change the data of it.
RAM (random access memory): programmes and data being used are stored here. Stores anything that needs to be changed. Is normally much bigger than ROM because it needs to hold more.
Memory
Data is stored as a series of 0s and 1s. It’s called bit (Binary digit).
Example: A:10000010 B: 10000011 1 byte: 8 bits
Size of memory
UNIT ABBREVIATION SIZEKilobyte kB 1 kB = 1024 bytes
Megabyte MB 1 MB = 1024 kB
Gigabyte GB 1 GB = 1024 MB
Terabyte TB 1 TB = 1024 GB
Fig 1.1
Storage Device: store programmes when the processor is turned off.
Set of software programs that ‘bring computer to life’. They make the computer do useful things.
There are different types of them, and each of them makes a different function.
Backing Storage
Operating Systems
FOR YOU TO UNDERSTAND BETTER: If I drive my aunt’s car to go to the shopping, I’m using it to go to the mall or the supermarket, and my aunt may use it to go to work, but it’s the same car used for different things,
the same happens with computers, they may look identical, but one person is using it for some thing and the other for another thing.
Is one program of the operating system. It controls what humans see on the screen. There are different types of interfaces.
Graphical User Interface: it uses graphics to stand for more complicated actions the user wants to carry out. They are typified by the use of icons (Fig 1.2), they can be pointed by an arrow controlled by a mouse. The screen can be divided into areas with different things in them, this is called windows. You put them together and it’s called WIMP.
User Interfaces
Fig 1.2 Icon.
Command-line interface: interface for communicating with a computer, but you have to type specific commands to tell the computer what to do. Fig 1.3. It’s mostly used by technicians.
Fig 1.3
One of the first was invented in the 1940s, by a team of code breakers. They were trying to decode messages sent by German forces during WWII.
In the 1950-60s, the mainframes was invented, it was big but still slow.
in the 1970s people started to fit terminals to mainframes. A terminal is a keyboard and monitor which lets a person have their own connection to the computer.
Types of computer and
Their development
In the 1980s, these computers were called personal computers (PC’s) because they were controlled, and owned by a person.
In the 1990s portable computers became popular, they are known as laptops (later on notebooks). They have their own power supply and screen.
Netbooks have recently become popular. They are small, cheap and less powerful laptops. Some laptops were small enough to fit in the hand and became known as palmtops. E.g, if a mobile phone has access to the internet it’s call smartphone.
ACTIVIDADES
The parts of the computer you can feel or touch are
called:
Software
Hardware
Input device
Check
Right!
The set of instructions that make your computer
work is called:
Software
Hardware
Input device
Check
Right!
The memory that stores all the data the computer has
used is called:
Read Only Memory
Random Acces Memory
Main Memory
Check
Right!
The Operation System is a set of _________ that brings
computer to life.Software Programmes
Input and Output devices
Hardware Programmes
Check
Right!
In the 1950-60s, the _________ was invented, it was big but still slow.
Terminal
Mainframes
Netbook
Check
Right!
it uses graphics to stand for more complicated actions the user wants
to carry out.Graphical User Interfaces
Command-line Interfaces
Advanced Interfaces
Check
Right!
Check your answers
1-2: OMG! What happened to you? Haven’t you read?3-4: You could have done better.. Anyway, congrats!5-6: Good! Congratulations, you did a great job.
1-2 What happened?
You better
read it again.
3-4 You could have done better
Try to do it
again and
check your
knowledge
5-6 WELL DONE!
You’re a
genius!
GOODBYEEEEEEEE!