PROJECT – TYPES OF BRIDGES

INTRODUCTION TO RDSO

With Independence and the resultant phenomenal increase in country’s industrial and economic activity which increased the demand of rail transportation - a new organisation called Railway Testing and Research Centre (RTRC) was setup in 1952 at Lucknow.

Central Standards Office (CSO) and the Railway Testing and Research Centre (RTRC) were integrated into a single unit named Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in 1957, under Ministry of Railways at Lucknow. 

INTRODUCTION TO BRIDGES

Bridge is a structure built to span a valley, road, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle.

Designs of bridges will vary depending on the function of the bridge and the nature of the area where the bridge is to be constructed

FUNCTION OF A BRIDGE

To connect two communities which are separated by streams, valley, railroads, etc.

COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE

•Deck or Slab: Supported railway/roadway on a bridge.

• Beam or Girder: A rigid, usually horizontal structural element.

•Bearing: Interface between superstructure substructure

• Abutment: The outermost end supports on a bridge, which carry the load from the deck.

• Pier: A vertical supporting structure, such as a pillar

• Foundation : transfers the load to the soil below.

Deck

Girder

Portal

Pier

COMPONENTS OF A BRIDGE

TYPES OF BRIDGES

•Beam Bridge

•Truss Bridge

•Arch Bridge

•Cable Stayed Bridge

•Suspension Bridge

BEAM BRIDGE

Beam bridges are the simplest structural forms for bridge span supported by an abutment or pier at each end.

TRUSS BRIDGE

A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements forming triangular units.

ARCH BRIDGES

Arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust.

CABLE STAYED BRIDGES

A cable-stayed bridge has one or more towers, from which cables support the bridge deck.

MOVABLE BRIDGE

Movable bridge is a bridge that moves to allow passage (usually) for boats or barges.

An advantage of making bridges moveable is the lower cost, due to the absence of high piers

The principal disadvantage is that the traffic on the bridge must be halted when it is opened for passages

SWING BRIDGE

A swing bridge is a movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring 

CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES (ACCORDING TO MATERIAL USED)

Timber bridge

Concrete bridge

Stone  bridge

R.C.C bridge

Steel  bridge

CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES (ACCORDING TO THE POSITION OF THE BRIDGE FLOOR RELATIVE TO SUPERSTRUCTURES)

Deck through bridge - A bridge deck or road bed is the roadway, or the pedestrian walkway, surface of a bridge , and is one structural element of the superstructure of a bridge.

Half through or suspension  bridge - A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.

CLASSIFICATION  OF  BRIDGES (ACCORDING TO FUNCTION)

Aqueduct bridge(canal over a river)

Viaduct(road or railway over a valley or river)

Pedestrian bridge

Highway bridge

Railway bridge

CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES (ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF BRIDGE)

Culvert  bridge(less than 6 m)

Minor bridge(less than 6 m-60m)

Major bridge(more than 60 m)

Long span bridge(more than 120 m)

Factors To Describe a Bridge Four main factors are used in describing a bridge:

• Load : (Railway, Highway, Pedestrian)

•Span : (simple, continuous, cantilever)

• Material: (stone, concrete, metal, etc.)

• Form: (beam, arch, truss, etc.).

BRIDGE FAILURE When a bridge collapses , many lives are put at risk.

Bridge collapse is one of the most dangerous types of structural failure that can occur.

Causes of Bridge failure

1. Earthquake

2. Fire

3. Boat impact

4. Flood

5. Construction accidents

6. Manufacturing defects

7. Design defects

8. Poor maintenance

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