type 1 diabetes registry · 2014-06-27 · diabetes registry 목적과선택 1.why predict and...

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Yongsoo Park, MD Dept of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine; Dept of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University Type 1 Diabetes Registry

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Page 1: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Yongsoo Park, MDDept of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine; Dept of Bioengineering, College of Engineering,

Hanyang University

Type 1 Diabetes Registry

Page 2: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

T1DM = Diabetes in childhood

the epidemiologist’s “dream”

∗ Easy to diagnose

∗ Abrupt onset∗ Requiring medical attention∗ Requiring medication (insulin)

Page 3: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

By the 1980’s …..

* Few registries monitoring T1DM incidence

* Limited information but geographical differences in incidence identified

* However, lack of standardization:- different case definition- different ages- different degrees of ascertainment

Page 4: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Diabetes in Childhood: T1DM Registries

� Establishment of population-basedregistries around the world

� Monitor the global pattern of thedisease

� Provide a basis for standardizedstudies of risk factors

Karvonen M et al. Diabetes Care 2000

Page 5: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Worldwide Difference in the Incidence

of T1DM0 – 14 years – DIAMOND Project

0 10 20 30 40

Korea

Japan

Hong Kong

Sudan

Tunisia

France

Germany

Australia

U.S.

Sweden

Finland

Sardinia

/100,000

Karvonen M et al. Diabetes Care 2000

Page 6: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Definition of T1DM

1) 당뇨병 발병 이후 2년 이상 계속적으로 인슐린 투여가 요구,2) 케톤산혈증의 병력3) 혈액내 c-peptide 농도가 낮으며(기저 0.6 미만, 자극 후 90분에 1.5 미만)4) 췌도와 인슐린 등에 대한 자가항체가 있는당뇨병

대한소아과학회

Page 7: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

New onset diabetesBlood Ketone (+)

Pancreaticautoantibodies Likely Type 2

ConsiderMODY

Monitor courseType 1a

Type 2Insulin

requirement

c-peptide

Type 1b?

Type 2ᆞPoor adherenceᆞSevere resistance

Negative

Positive

Yes

low

No

Normal/elevated

Approach to the determination of diabetes type in Asian adolescent

Page 8: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Diabetes Registry

Establishment of well defined populations of persons with diabetes

T1D Registry

Establishment of well defined populations of persons with T1D

Page 9: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

제1형 당뇨병 관리와 연구에 있어서Diabetes Registry의 필요성

• 전세계 발병지역에 따른 발생율, 합병증 발생율, 사망율등이차이가 나며 이의 배경에는 환경적 인자 이외에 유전적 감수성등이 작용하고 있음을 시사함.•Lifetime incidence of diabetes: 대략 10%, 반수 정도는만성합병증이 동반된 이후 진단됨• 성인이 되어야 대부분 발견 (T2DM과 감별요망)• 유병상태 및 발병율의 증가• 1992년 미국에서 사용되는 의료비의 1/7은 당뇨병 기인• 등록연구를 통해 질병의 예측 및 예방이 가능

Page 10: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Chronic complications

Environment Genes

Defect or destruction of

pancreatic B-cells

Hyperglycemia due to decreased insulinrelease and/or peripheral insulin resistance

Decreased quality of lifedecreased life expectancy

Risk stage

Latent Disease

Clinical Onset

INVALIDITY

Diabetes Registries and Clinical Biology: Pivotal role in predictive and preventive strategies

Genetic susceptibility markersIslet-specific and nonspecific autoantibodies

Loss of 1st phase of IVGTT

Decreased plasma c-peptide conc.당뇨병 발생율

Markers for the complication development당뇨병 합병증 발생율

QOL studies, Disabilities, Reimbursement당뇨병 사망율

Page 11: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Diabetes Registry 목적과 선택

1. Why predict and prevent diabetes?- primary prevention vs. secondary prevention- study much larger subject groups within the framework of vast (inter)national collaboration- studies conducted on representative populations recruited through diabetes registries2. Why concentrate on T1D first?- disproportionately large part of the chronic complications derives from T1D patients- findings in (pre)T1D patients may be of relevance for at least part of the more numerous (pre)T2D subjects- more expertise has been accumulated regarding the early biological markers of T1D3. Why use diabetes registries?- registry-based association studies의 가능성 (age- and sex-matched )4. Why study first-degree relatives of T1D patients first?- 고위험군- familial vs. sporadic

Page 12: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

유럽 및 일본• 각 국가별 제1형 당뇨병

코호트 구축 – 영국, 덴마크, 독일, 오스트리아, 핀란드,일본

• 유럽 중심 다국적 제1형당뇨병 코호트 –EURODIAB population-based cohort

미국 및 WHO• 미국 - 일부 지역 중심 제

1형 당뇨병 코호트 운영: Allegheny county 제1형당뇨병 등록사업

• Diabetes Control and Complication Trial – 제1형 당뇨병 환자 치료 효과모니터링

• WHO – multinational project for T1D (DiaMond) project

외국선진국의제1형 당뇨병관리

제1 형 당뇨병 발생률, 발생원인, 합병증, 사망률 데이터 분석새로운 치료 방법의 효과 판정 – DCCT 연구국가적으로 대표적인 만성질환 효율적 관리 방안 마련

Page 13: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Registry Average populationat risk 0-14 yrs(천명)

Numberof cases

Source of data Completenessrate

Primary Validation

Canada Montreal 604 171 hospitals summer camp 94%

CanadaPrince Edward Island

32 25 drug registry pharmacies 99%

Finland 977 877 drug registry hospitals 99%France Rhone(1978-79)

500 45 Endocrinologyclinics/wards

general clinicsand hospitals

>90%

Japan Hokkaido 1,293 67 universityhospitals

hospitals: healthdepartment:summer camp

100%

Japan 1981National survey

27,481 496 major hospitals Hospitals (Tokyosurvey)

60%

New ZealandAuckland

214 50 hospitals/ clinic - ?

Norway 925 559 hospitals Nationalinsurance

92%

PolandWielkopolska

630 79 Hospitals/ clinic Sanatoria: socialsupport

95%

Sweden 1,642 1,124 Hospitals Independenthospital survey

93%

Germany (1982-84) 3,223 667 Central registry Death certificate ?

Netheland 3,219 965 Physicians andhospitals

Dutch DiabetesAssociation

90%

미 국 AlleghenyCounty

278 117 hospitals pediatricians 95%

미국 Colorado 654 298 physicians hospitals >95%

Basic Characteristics of the T1DM registries (Data are presented for the years 1978-80)

Page 14: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Allegheny County Registry: a population-based registry- developed through retrospective record review of all hospitals in the County- to identify all children who fulfill a standardized criteria

Children’s Hosp. Registry: a hospital-based registry at the Children’s Hosp.of Pittsburgh- identify all children who were diagnosed at Children’s Hosp

Registries in the Pittsburgh Research1979 Beginning of the registry1981 Initial incidence data from Allegheny County1982 First famillial incidence from Allegheny County1985 Collaboration of registries1986 DERI1990 WHO DiaMond Project

Pittsburgh T1DM registry의 변화1981년 656 T1DM proband survey: mortality study 위해 define

1990년 survey for the self-report history of autoimmune disease --- Famillial Epidemiology of IDDM, Arthritis and Thyroid ds

1993년 – 1996년 Famillial Autoimmune and Diabetes Study

Page 15: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

1) The Swedish Registry •1970년부터 7개 병원에서 ascertain시작, register는 않음•1977-1980 당뇨병이 의심되는 모든 환자들을 소아과로 refer, 이들을 등록하여 추적

(central register), 93% ascertainement

2) The Norwegian Registry•1973-1977 Hospital record를 이용한 retrospective study를 통한 prevalence 조사,

이들을 등록 central insurance register를 이용하여 ascertain

3) The Finnish Registry•1970-1980년 National drug recipient register로 출발•모든 당뇨병 환자는 Sickness Insurance Act에 따라 무료로 약을 나눠 줌,• 이들을 등록하여 register, Hospital record로 ascertain

4) The Danish Registry•1949-1956 case finding을 National Service conscript registry로, •또 death certificate를 이용•1970-1974 hospital record로 incidence 추적•1973 ascertain 방법은 insulin prescription으로

European T1D Diabetes Registry 실례

Page 16: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

한국제 1형 당뇨병의현황

연간 발생률인구 10만명 당 1.36명?수 만명의 환자?

• 발생률이 증가 추세, 비전형적인 유형이 많을 것으로추정• 기존 통계의 저조한 응답률을 보인 단면적 연구

• 제1형 당뇨병으로 인한사망률과 사망 원인은?• 환자 등록 사업 없이는 표준화 사망률을 구할 수 없음

Page 17: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Fig. 1. Annual Incidence Rate I

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1993

Year

Incid

ence R

ate

(/100,0

00ㆍ

yr)

Fig. 2. Annual Incidence Rate II

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Year

Inc

ide

nc

e R

ate

(/1

00

,00

0ㆍ

yr)

� 대상� 제 1형 당뇨병

� 진단 시기 :1995.1.1 – 2000.12.31

� 나이 : 진단시 만 15세 미만

� 방법• 질문지 발송

소아과 113병원, 내과 170병원, 보건소 8곳

• 회신 : 총 70곳

Page 18: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1991 1992 1993 1995 1998 2000

Incidence Rate per 100,000 Children

Year

Incidence Rate of T1DM in Korea

Page 19: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Annual Incidence of T1DM in Japan

Age group (yrs) Hokkaido

0 - 4

5 - 9

10 - 14

0 - 14

Japan IDDM Epidemiology Study Group. Diabetes Care 16:796, 1993

Tokyo Kagoshima

0.74

1.43

3.65

2.07

1.16

1.68

2.01

1.65

1.48

1.76

2.07

1.78

Page 20: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Relative increase in incidence of T1DM

Children 0 - 14 years

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10United Kingdom

Hungary

Hawaii

China

Japan

Norway

Finland

USA Allegheny

Sweden

Lithuania

Estonia

Yearly change: 2.5 % per year (2.3-2.7)

Adapted from Onkamo P et al, Diabetologia 1999

Increase in the incidence(%/year)

Increase confined to the patients with onset

age 10-14 yrs

Page 21: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

제 1형 당뇨병환자 등록사업의필요성

인구 기반 제1형 당뇨병 환자 등록 사업

• 우리 나라 제 1형 당뇨병의 정확한 실태 파악

• 적극적인 인슐린 요법에의한 혈당 조절 유도

• 합병증 발생으로 인한사회적 비용 감소

• 표준화 사망률 분석, 보건 정책 수립에 이용

Page 22: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

STAGE 1: STAGE 2: STAGE 3:

STAGE 4:

STAGE 5:

Putative

Environmental

Trigger

Time

GeneticPredispositionSusceptibility

Genes

AutoimmunityHumoral

Autoantibodies

Metabolic DefectLoss of 1st PhaseInsulin(IVGTT)

GlucoseIntolerance

(OGTT)

GlucoseImpairment

ClinicalDiabetes

TotalDiabetes

Clinical

Onset

? ?

STAGE 6:

Intact islets and βcells

Page 23: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Recombinant Anti-islet Autoantibody Assays

Antigen Sensitivity

(Specificity)

Comment

Insulin 40-95% (99%) Inversely Age of Diabetes Onset Related

GAD65 70% (99%) Predominantly Age Independent

IA-2

Zinc Transporter

60% (99%)

48% (99%)

Islet Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase

Zinc Transporter (Zn T8)

Phogrin/IA-2β 45% (99%) Autoantibodies Predominantly Subset of IA-2 Autoantibodies

Carboxypeptidase H 10% (99%) Low Sensitivity

Page 24: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Autoradiography of in vitro translated Ag

ICA512 IA-2/GAD ZnT8 Marker GAD65 fIA-2(bdc) (combi)

Page 25: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Sensitivity

% Specificity

DASP 2009 GAD antibody Standardization Reported Sensitivity and Specificity

Our Lab Sensitivity : 71%

Specificity : 93%

Page 26: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Sensitivity

% Specificity

DASP 2009 IA-2 antibody Standardization Reported Sensitivity and Specificity

Our Lab

Sensitivity : 71%

Specificity : 97%

Page 27: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

% Sensitivity

% Specificity

DASP 2009 IAA Standardization Reported Sensitivity and Specificity

Our Lab

Sensitivity : 78%

Specificity : 97%

Page 28: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Type 1Diabetes

Virus Infection

Milk Feeding

Stress

Insulin

Deficiency

β-cell Autoimmunity

Genotype + Environment = Phenotype

Page 29: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Hypothesis To Prove

The High Risk haplotypes/genotypes are independent determinants of

diabetes in the 1st degree relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes,

particularly in the presence of islet-specific antibodies.

Incidence

Familial Risk of each Genetic Markers

AutoAb(-) T1DM AutoAb(+) Simplex Families Simplex Families

Diabetes developmentStored samples

Seoul

IDDM

Registry

Seoul Type 1

Diabetes

Genetic

Consortium

1985

1993

1999

2002

2010

Page 30: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

5 8 35 52 47 98 190 250 336 313 315 249 202 107 55 24 4

10 20 30 40 50 807060

Age of Onset (yrs)

Number of Cases

Japanese

(Kuzuya et al.)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

Finnish (Laakso et al.)

Percentage

Difference in the Relative Proportion of T1DMby Age of Onset

Page 31: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

(Winter et al. 1987) :12 young obese African Americans

– spontaneous DKA

– anti-islet cell Ab(ICA) was negative

– strong family Hx of type 2 diabetes

Idiopathic type 1 diabetes (Type 1B)

( phenotype characteristics of type 2 diabetes + clinical picture of type 1 diabetes by having

‘unprovoked’ DKA )

Atypical diabetes

Page 32: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Fulminant type 1 diabetes

• 11 Japanese individuals

• Presented with DKA and a low HbA1c level

(diabetes was of very short duration.)

• severe hyperglycemia associated with DKA

lacked the usual diabetes related antibodies.

• different than most of the North American patients with idiopathic Type 1 diabetes

�all thin, a lower HbA1c.

• Mild elevations of serum exocrine pancreatic enz.

Page 33: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Insulin secretory defect or increased susceptibility of

desensitization to hyperglycemia may be an importantfactor in the pathogenesis of T1BDM.

IGI

HOMA-IR

preDM in MS

T2DM in MS

NGT

preDM in NoMS

T2DM in NoMS

NGT

Rapid decrease in insulin secretory

defect may resemble T1DM

Page 34: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)

LADA: type 1 diabetes presenting as non-insulin

dependent diabetes

The diagnosis of LADA according to Immunology of Diabetes Society

1) age over 35 years,

2) the presence at least one of four circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet

cell antigens (ICA, GAD, IA-2, insulin)

3) lack of requirement for insulin at least 6 month after diagnosis

Page 35: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Study Design •The prevalence of GAD Ab and high-risk HLA DQ alleles among 121 patients with newly diagnosed NIDDM identified from a population-based survey and 100 matched controls

Results•The overall prevalence of GAD Ab was 1.7% (2 of 121) in patients with previouslyundiagnosed NIDDM, whereas 1 of 100 control subjects had GAD Ab. •Titers of GAD Abs were not high.•Low prevalence of HLA DQB1 susceptibility alleles among recent-onset NIDDM patientswas noted.

Conclusions•Diabetes in Korean adults is unlikely to have an autoimmune components to its pathogenesis.

Park Y. et al. Diabetes Care 19: 241-245, 1996

The Low Prevalence of Immunogenetic Markersin Korean Adult-onset IDDM Patients

Page 36: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

The progression to insulin dependency after 36 months

Park Y. et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 27:975, 2011

Page 37: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

GAD ZnT8 IA-2

Insulin dependency (n=3) 0.071±0.032 0.070±0.047 0.100±0.031

Insulin independency (n=36) 0.029±0.022 -0.007±0.023 -0.001±0.025

p-value 0.036 0.011 0.005

The mean titers of islets specific antibodies

Park Y. et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 27:975, 2011

Page 38: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

At present…

2011….

* Type 1 and type 2 diabetes defined

* Type 2 diabetes in children described

* Reports of “double”, “hybrid”, “atypical”

diabetes (mixed phenotype)

* Changes in the phenotype of typical T1DM

Page 39: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Diabetes in childhood ≠ T1DM

the epidemiologist’s “challenge”

∗ Easy to diagnose

∗ Abrupt onset∗ Requiring medical attention∗ Requiring medication (insulin)

X

Page 40: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

EDTA 4 ml

Plain 4 ml

Vacuum

New T1DM Registry의 지향점

DNA Extraction

Serum Separation

DNA Fragment Analyses Autoantibody Detection

Page 41: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Construction of T1D Blood Bank

Blood Bank at HanyangUniversity center

Blood Bank DB system

Barcode management

Cold room

Blood Sampling

IRB inspection

Page 42: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

New onset diabetes in an Asian adolescent

acidosisSymptomaticA1c > 9%No acidosis

AsymptomaticA1c < 9%No acidosis

ᆞmetforminᆞTitrate as tolerated

ᆞInitiate education withfocus on lifestyle change

ᆞInsulin as in T1D untilacidosis resolved

ᆞWean insulin as tolerated

ᆞbasal insulinᆞmetformin

ᆞtitrate as toleratedᆞInitiate education with focus on lifestyle

changeᆞWean insulin as tolerated

Pancreatic autoantibodies

ᆞInitiate MDI insulin therapyᆞInitiate T1D education

Continue or initiate MDI insulintherapy

Continue metforminwean insulin

Failure to maintain targetA1c > 6.5 – 7 %

Initiate add-on insulin therapy – basal insulin to max 1 unit/kg/day

Failure to maintain target A1c > 6.5 – 7%

negative positive

?T2D

?T1D

Approach to the treatment of the Asian adolescent with diabetes

Page 43: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Hospitals M. D.

PharmaciesSchools

Source of Case Identification Traditional Aggregated Method

Capture - Recapture

“ Crude ” Counts

“ Ascertainment - Corrected “Counts

Underascertainment in diabetes epidemiologyIncidence & pervalence data ascertained by Capture-Recapture method

Page 44: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

제1형 당뇨병 환자 등록 사업

동국의대

김 경 아

44

Page 45: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

개요

• 사업 추진 배경 및 필요성– 2011년 건강보험 보장성 확대계획으로 2011년

7. 1부터 제1형 당뇨병 환자를 위한 혈당측정지보험시행 규정으로 건강보험공단에 제 1형당뇨병 환자 등록이 시행됨.

• 자료 분석 ; 2011.6~2012.3 까지의 등록6059명 데이터를 분석함

45

Page 46: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

건강보험 제 1형 당뇨병환자 등록 신청서

46

Page 47: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

등록된 진단명(상병명)

47

상병별 등록인원상병코드 상병명 인원E10 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 753 E100 혼수를 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 29 E1000 고삼투압성 혼수를 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 14 E1001 혼수와 케토산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 47 E1002 혼수와 젖산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 6

E1003혼수와 케토산증 및 젖산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

5

E1008 기타 및 상세불명의 혼수를 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 36 E101 케토산혈증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 35 E1010 케토산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 193 E1011 젖산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 2 E1012 케토산증 및 젖산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 4 E1018 기타 및 상세불명의 산증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 41 E102 콩팥(신장) 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 37 E1020 초기 당뇨병신장병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 100 E1021 확정된 당뇨병신장병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 53 E1022 말기 신장병을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 56

E1028기타 및 상세불명의 신장 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존당뇨병

39

E103 눈 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 13 E1030 배경성 망막병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 28

E1031당뇨병성 전증식성 망막병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

15

E1032당뇨병성 증식성 망막병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

9

E1033 기타 망막병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 18 E1034 당뇨병성 백내장을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 4

E1038기타 및 상세불명의 눈 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

23

E104 신경학적 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 36 E1040 당뇨병성 단일신경병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 36

E1041당뇨병성 다발성 신경병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

104

E1042 당뇨병성 자율신경병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 14

E1048기타및상세불명의신경학적 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

63

Data from 보험공단 2012.5.9

상병별 등록인원상병코드 상병명 인원E105 말초순환장애 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 8

E1050당뇨병성말초혈관병증을동반한~동반하지않는인슐린-의존당뇨병

48

E1051당뇨병성말초혈관병증을동반한,괴저를동반한인슐린-의존당뇨병

1

E1058기타및상세불명의순환기계 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

11

E106 기타 명시된 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 9

E1060근골격 및 결합조직의 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

1

E1061피부 및 피하 조직의 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

2

E1062 치주 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 0 E1063 저혈당을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병 22

E1068달리분류되지않은기타명시된합병증을동반한인슐린-의존당뇨병

62

E107 다발성 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 38

E1070궤양을동반한(하지)(혈관 ~ 성합병증을동반한인슐린-의존당뇨병

12

E1071궤양과괴저를동반한(하지) ~ 성합병증을동반한인슐린-의존당뇨병

2

E1078기타 및 상세불명의 다발성 합병증을 동반한 인슐린-의존 당뇨병

211

E108 상세불명의 합병증을 동반한 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 501 E109 합병증이 없는 인슐린 의존 당뇨병 3,318

총계 6,059

Page 48: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

연령분포소모성재료 등록환자 현황

인원 총계10대이하

20대 30대 40대 50대 60대70대이상

등록시연령별 6,059 1,628 1,172 1,173 750 650 430 256 진단시연령별

6,059 2,426 969 998 639 534 345 143

48

Data from 공단 2012.5.9

27%

19%

19%

12%

11%

7%4%

10대이하

20대

30대

40대

50대

60대

70대이상

등록시 연령별

40%

16%

16%

11%

9%

6%

2%

10대이하

20대

30대

40대

50대

60대

70대

진단시 연령별

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진단기준별 제1형 당뇨병 등록현황

인슐린투여

공복 C-peptide 0.6 ng/ml 이하

자극 c-peptide1.8 ng/ml 이하

24시간 소변c-peptide

최초 진단시당뇨병성 케톤산증

자가항체

인원 6,059 4,346 461 629 1,294 1,386

% 100% 72% 8% 10% 21% 23%

49

※ 각 항목별로 중복 체크된 경우도 모두 값에 포함. Data from 보험공단 2012.5.9

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진단 연령별 상세 증상별 제1형 당뇨 등록 현황 (i)

50

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

0~10세군

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

11~20세군

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

21~30세군

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

31~40세군

Page 51: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

51

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

41~50세군

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

51~60세군

진단 연령별 상세 증상별 제1형 당뇨 등록 현황 (ii)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

71~84세군

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

C-pep<0.6 GST Urine C-pep DKA Ab+

61~70세군

Page 52: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

한국인제1형 당뇨병환자 등록사업및제1형 당뇨병 환자의국가기반전향적표준화전산데이터베이스구축

Page 53: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

• 현재 10 여 개의 연동 케이블 제공 업체 제품을 검토한 결과, 각제품별 연동 케이블을 일원화하기는 어려움(통신 프로토콜이 혈당측정기 자체에 내장되어 있거나 연동케이블내에 있는 경우로 나뉠 수 있고, 통신 프로토콜 방식이 다양함)

• 각 업체별 관리 프로그램이 차별화 되어 존재하고, PC 기반 및온라인 기반의 프로그램 등으로 구별됨.

• 프로그램별 운영 DB 방식도 다양하고 보험 관리 DB 양식으로부족한 부분이 있음.

• 하나의 DB로 운영할 수 있는 건강보험관리공단에서 관리할 수 있는표준화된 프로그램 필요함

• 독일/오스트리아 DPV-Wiss database 형태 모방– 건강보험관리공단 프로그램과 연동, 효율적 시험지 관리– 시험지 보험 효과의 cost-effectiveness 평가– 환자 등록, 병원 치료 성적 평가, 연구 목적 이용 가능

53

관리 프로그램 개발 필요 사유

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혈당 측정 장비 및 소모품 지급 및측정치의 데이터 베이스화

• 환자의 경제적 부담 감소� 성공적인 등록 사업

• 소모품 암시장 생성의방지

• 전국규모의 전향적 다기관표준화 전산 데이터 베이스구성

• 자가혈당 측정을 더 많이하도록 유도� 혈당 조절개선에 따른 합병증 감소

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제1형 당뇨병 환자의 국가기반 전향적표준화 전산 데이터베이스

인터넷 기반 당뇨병 관리의전국적 보급

심한 혈당 변동성을 보이는환자에 대한 연구

소프트 웨어 표준화 자료의 무기명화

이미 혈당 조절의 개선 효과가증명되어 있으나 도시 지역에만 보급� 전국적 보급으로 취약계층지원

• 심한 혈당 변동성과 합병증발생 및 사망률과의 관계 규명• 중증도 환자군 선별 및 국가차원의 체계적관리

Page 56: Type 1 Diabetes Registry · 2014-06-27 · Diabetes Registry 목적과선택 1.Why predict and prevent diabetes?-primary prevention vs. secondary prevention-study much larger subject

Acknowledgment

• Park LJ, Park HW, Lim MS, Nam JW, Min DS, Shin GW (Hanyang U)

• Kim YH, Lee YM, Kim HJ, Cho AR, Sung KH (Hanyang U Hosp)

• Chung HY, Chun TH, Hwang KW (Hanyang & Chungang U)

• Yang SW, Kim DH (T1DGC)

• Choi DS, Choi SK, Park HY (T1DGC)

• LaPorte RE, Dorman J, Libman I (Pittsburgh U)

• Eisenbarth GS, Hutton J (UCHSC)

• Kawasaki E, Abiru N (Nagasaki U)

• Ikegami H (Osaka Kinki U)

• She JX, Wang CY (Med C Georgia)

• Tait B, Colman P (WEHI, U Melbourne)

• Zimmet P, Rowley M, Mackay I (Monash U)

• Sonderstrup G (Stanford U)