two ways to apply optical fibers in textile structures ... · pdf fileembroidery ground fiber...

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T-Pot Workshop Technical Textiles & Textile Recycling 30 Nov – 04 Dec 2009 – Chemnitz (DE)

Dipl.Dipl.--Ing. Elke Thiele, Dipl.Ing. Elke Thiele, Dipl.--Ing. Reinhard Ing. Reinhard HelbigHelbig, Dipl., Dipl.--Ing. Frank Weigand, Ing. Frank Weigand,

Dipl.Dipl.--Ing. (FH) Rolf Arnold, Dr.Ing. (FH) Rolf Arnold, Dr.--Ing. Monika SeegerIng. Monika Seeger

Two ways to apply optical fibers in textile structures

textile structures actively emitting light

optical fibers emitting light on their jackets

sensors applied in textile structures

sensor-optical fibers(SOF)


• Terminology

• Motivation

• Potential

• Applications

– Shining textiles

– Sensing textiles

Content

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Terminology- What a textile fibre-optical lighting system is made up of

No emission of heat or UV radiationElectric current is separated from place of light emissionStructures can be applied in slightly wet areas

Source of light (LED, metal vapour lamp, halogen lamp)

Connecting systems (fibers, plugs, directly bonded joint)

Optical fibers emitting light on their jackets (glass, plastic material)

textile component to position optical fibers(Stfi variant: weaving/warp-knitting/knitting/embroidering)

characteristics

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• Fiber optic cable construction is characterized by•core •cladding •coating

• Total internal reflection confines light within optical fibers.

• the cladding has a lower refractive index, light rays reflect back into the core if they encounter the cladding at a shallow angle (blue lines)

• A ray that exceeds a certain critical angle escapes from the fiber (pink line)

• The surface of the fiber starts to shine.

Basics

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Textile structures actively emitting light –luminescent net

In 2000, STFI- first developed product based on optical fibers;

Distribution by

bedea akzent

Net manufacturer:

SächsischeNetzwerke Huck GmbH

Double needle bar warp-knitting machine GWM,

OF- PMMA Ø = 1mm

150W- metal vapour lamp


credits: bedea

Textile structures actively emitting light –luminescent net

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Knits: e.g. special-purpose clothes, children`s wear, safety clothes; Machine used: Universal double needle bar flat knitting machine Universal weft-insertion of optical fibers

Textile structures actively emitting light

Jacquard wovens:e.g. structures to decorate walls,structures to serve as wall partition, luminescent sails, stage lighting systems Machine used: STB jacquard loom Optical fibers inserted in warp direction,


Dot-type or line-shape type embroidered structures:e.g. table cloths,window slats, Machine used:ZSK

Textile structures actively emitting light

Ribbon-type knits:e.g. ribbons to serve as lighting elements on table cloths Machine used: Raschelina single needle bar warp-knitting machine RD3MT2 8/420

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Textile structures actively emitting light-sources of light

LED for portable textile structures of up to about 0.5m²

SZMS e.V. LED

Light projector with bedea metal vapourlamp

Light projector for large stationary textile structures ofup to 250 m²


Textile structures actively emitting light – range of luminous power

Minolta exposure meterapplied directly on textile structure (captures about 70 cm²)straight positioned optical fibers: from about 0.5 lx to 5 lxarch-like positioned optical fibers: about 50 lx

compare:

sunlight 127.000 lx

Daylight in workshop 640 lx

Electric light in workshop at night 180 lx

Night of a full moon 0,2 lx

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FBG

What a textile structure with sensor-optical fibers is made up of

Terminology

Measuring instrument

Connecting system (forerunner fibers, end-runner fibers, plugs, ..

Sensor-optical fibers (glass, plastic materials)

Textile structure to position sensor-optical fibers


combination of reinforcement and monitoring

To achieve:

• optimized connection of the sensor and the structure

• simple application process of the sensors

• The whole textile structure becomes a sensor

• three- dimensional sensor

• Protection of the sensors against overload

Motivation

Motivation of integrating fiber optical sensors in textile structures

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Potential

textile processing

• weaving

• warp knitting

• knitting

• nonwoven

• embroidering

finishing

Examples of sensor positioning

Options of positioning the sensors in textiles


The sensor systems used by stfi so far

OTDR based on silica optical fibers

OTDR based on polymer optical fibers

FBG based on silica optical fibers

Brillouin scattering based on silica optical fibers

Chemical sensing silica or polymer optical fibers

Measuring of attenuation on silica optical fibers

Measuring of attenuation on polymer optical fibers

Potential

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• Only light is transported, no electric current• No puncture in case of lightning • System works under extreme conditions (moisture, wetness, vibration,

radioactivity)• The same fibers as used in telecommunication = low priced


• Silica optical fibers are sensitive to bending and mechanical stress• Minimum bending radius without increase of optical attenuation is 32 mm• Fibers would break if they were not protected by coating and cabling materials

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Testing / calibration

Installation technology

Modification of: machines and technology

testing

MaterialsDesign

testingGestaltung der Textilstruktur

processing

Installation

BautechnischeZielstellung

SensortechnischeZielstellung

BautechnischeZielstellungInstallation

Sensortechnische Zielstellungen

Design of the textile

structure

schedule


MotivationDuring lifetime, buildings lose their initial stability either because of aging or overload. Reliable systems for reconstruction of buildings are needed to ensure safety.

ObjectiveDevelopment of textile structure for application on the building site. The tasks of the textilesare to reinforce and monitor structures at risk.

ApplicationFor reconstruction to reinforce and monitor the structural health of buildings.

Application- structural engineering

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2D- composite, sensor integrated

reinforcementstrengthening system

based on carbon plates

monitoringmeasuring

system based on FBG- sensors



Testing / calibration

Installation technology

Modification of: machines and technology

testing

MaterialsDesign

testingGestaltung der Textilstruktur

processing

Installation

BautechnischeZielstellung

SensortechnischeZielstellung

BautechnischeZielstellungInstallation

Sensortechnische Zielstellungen

Design of the textile

structure


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Corning ® SMF-28e ®diameter 125 µmMinimal bending radius 30 mmFBG produced by AOS GmbH wave-length: 1550 nm

PES (Grilon, Alterfil)

embroidery ground Fiber optical sensor

threads

Woven fabric, carbonlength: 0.60 m-50mwidth: 150 mm; 10mm-1000mmthickness: 0.90 mm-5 mmE-module:30 kN/mm²tensile strength: 300kN/m



ZSK STICKTRONIC SGW 0100 – 800W- Kopf; 800rev/min


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Test of the function of the sensors


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reference block: ferroconcrete strengthened with a compositeTest equipment : FBG, redundancy by strain gauge; inductive displacement transducer


optical fiberstrain gauge


MotivationStabilization and monitoring of critical soil structures

ObjectiveDevelopment of a geotextile with integrated optical fiber sensors

ApplicationDamsDikesCoal mines

Application- geosynthetics

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Vliesraschelmaschine RS 3 MSUS-V with weft insertion

Specification

special warp knitting machine

parameters

- gauge 6 E

- 3 bars (1 ground bar, 2 guide bars to take up the sensors and the strengthening fibres)

- working width 165 inches


Critical mechanical impacts on fiber optical sensors

Sensor fibers orreinforcing fibers

Weft insertion

Ground yarn

Nonwoven

tube

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Analysing methods of critical mechanical impacts on fiberoptical sensors

Test with special Polymer optical fiber (POF)


OTDR equipment used to check the quality of fiberoptical sensors during the manufacturing process

Analysing methods of critical mechanical impacts on fiberoptical sensors

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Textile machine adaptationAnalysing methods of critical mechanical impacts on fiberoptical sensors are the basis for the textile machine adaptation


Single needle bar raschel knitting machine RS 3 MSUS-V

Advantages:- very dense, - semi-open or - open structures can be produced

Reinforcing fibers in 0°and 90° directionsensors in 0° direction

90° direction

0° direction

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Application- geosynthetics


Dike of the river Mulde

1st test in Sollnitz near the town of Dessau

FIELD TESTS

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FIELD TESTS


FIELD TESTS

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FIELD TESTS


FIELD TESTSgravity dam in Solina, Poland

2nd test in Solina, Poland downriver of a retaining wall

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Optimization of the measurement system

Calibration of the geotextile- fiber optical sensor system


Thank you for your attention !

two ways to apply optical fibers in textile structures ... · pdf fileembroidery ground fiber...

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