Two NationsNorth South

•Against slavery, but prejudice exists.

•Pro-slavery – viewed it as one big happy family. Believes the North is motivated by profit.

•Uncle Tom’s Cabin(1852) – Harriet Beecher Stowe

•Cannibals All!(1857) – George Fitzhugh

Two NationsNorth South

•Advanced in banking industry, transportation, trade, manufacturing.

•Primarily agricultural. Very slow to modernize.

•Large population(21.5 million)

•Smaller population(9 million)

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Compromise of 1850

Background – •California applied for statehood as a free state.•Equal balance between slaves states and free states is threatened.

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Compromise of 1850

•California is admitted as a free state.•In territories won from Mexico, voters will decide slavery issue.•Sale of enslaved people outlawed in Washington D.C.•Fugitive Slave Act requires all citizens to help return escaped slaves.

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Compromise of 1850

The Effects – •Compromise is only temporary.•Neither Northerners or Southerners are satisfied.

The Coming of the Civil WarRise of New Parties – •Decline of the Whigs•Rise of the Know-Nothings (anti-immigration, nativists, anti-Catholic, anti-slavery, pro-Americanize)•**Republicans – Anti-slavery, nativists, consisted of some Free Soilers, small business people, farmers, and craft workers.

The Coming of the Civil WarKansas-Nebraska Act – •Proposed by Stephen Douglas.•Looked to benefit from western development and had further political goals.•Needed support from both Northern and Southern Democrats.•Supported Popular Sovereignty – let the people in the territory decide on the issue of slavery. Seeking to repeal the Missouri Compromise.

The Coming of the Civil War“Bleeding Kansas” – •Proslavery and antislavery groups poured into Kansas to win a majority of the votes to decide issue of slavery.•Antislavery Free-Soilers set up communities.•Proslavery – Capital at Lecompton•Antislavery (John Brown) – Capital at Topeka•Summer of violence in these areas.

The Coming of the Civil War“Bleeding Sumner”- •Charles Sumner (antislavery speech) vs. Andrew Butler (proslavery).•Preston Brooks (member of the House and nephew of Butler) attacked Sumner at his Senate desk.

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Election of 1856 – •James Buchanan (Democrat) vs. John C. Fremont (Republican). Buchanan wins with strong support from the South.Dred Scott Decision – •The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were not citizens, had no right to sue, and had no Due Process. In addition, Congress had no power to regulate or ban slavery.

The Coming of the Civil WarJohn Brown’s Raid – •Federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.•Brown and supporters seized arms and gave them to enslaved people to promote a rebellion.•John Brown was hanged for treason.•Northerners hailed Brown as a martyr while Southerners believed he was a criminal.

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Election of 1860 – •Lincoln (Republican), Breckenridge (S. Democrat), Bell (Constitutional Union Party), Douglas (Democrat).•Border States and Lower South have two different candidates.•Lincoln wins and the Lower South secedes to form the Confederate States of America and elects Jefferson Davis as President.

1860 Presidential Election Electoral Vote Data

PresidentialCandidate

PoliticalParty Popular Vote Electoral Vote

Abraham Lincoln (B) Republican 1,855,993 39.65% 180 59.4%

John Breckenridge (G) Southern Democrat 851,844 18.20% 72 23.8%

John Bell (Y) Constitutional Union 590,946 12.62% 39 12.9%

Stephen Douglas (R) Democratic 1,381,944 29.52% 12 4.0%

The Coming of the Civil WarCrittenden Compromise – •Last minute compromise that would allow slavery in territories south of 36* 30*.•Lincoln opposed the plan and the Senate rejected it.

The Coming of the Civil WarThe Attack on Fort Sumter – •Federal troops occupied Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina. •Lincoln sent needed supplied to the Fort.•The Confederates opened fire on the fort and captured it.•Lincoln believes this is an act of rebellion and calls on volunteers to fight.•The Upper South secedes from the Union.