twjug august, what's new in mysql 5.7 rc

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

What's new in MySQL 5.7

Ryusuke Kajiyama / 梶山隆輔 / @RKajiyama MySQL Sales ConsulNng Senior Manager, Asia Pacific & Japan


Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direcNon. It is intended for informaNon purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or funcNonality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and Nming of any features or funcNonality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discreNon of Oracle.

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A Year of Anniversaries!

20 Years: MySQL

10 Years: Oracle stewardship of InnoDB 5 Years: Oracle stewardship of MySQL

Thank You, MySQL Community, for 20 years of ContribuNons to MySQL!

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 6

4.0 Full Text Search/GIS (MyISAM) MulN-‐table UPDATE/DELETE libmysqld (embedded MySQL)

Oracle MySQL Sun

3.23 MyISAM InnoDB ReplicaNon

5.1 Pluggable Storage Engine ParNNoning Task Scheduler

5.6 memcached API UNDO Tablespace Global TransacNon ID MulN Thread Slave Online ALTER TABLE Transportable Tablespace

5.5 InnoDB as Default Semi-‐sync ReplicaNon PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA

1.0-‐3.22 Storage Engine (ISAM, HEAP) MulN Thread Windows ready/64bit Character sets (SJIS/UJIS)

5.0 Stored Procedures Stored FuncNons Cursors/Triggers/Views XA TransacNons INFORMATION_SCHEMA

4.1 Unicode Subquery CSV, ARCHIVE ndbcluster

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

5.7+ New OpNmizer Cost Model Loss-‐Less ReplicaNon MulN Source ReplicaNon Group RplicaNon CJK Full Text Search/GIS (InnoDB) Enhanced Security Data DicNonary NoSQL OpNons


•  Performance – Read-‐Only TransacNon – SSD OpNmizaNons – UNDO Tablespace – Faster Subqueries –  JSON EXPLAIN – Memcached API

•  Availability – Global TransacNon ID – Auto Failover – MulN Thread Slave – Binlog Group Commit – OpNmized Row-‐Based ReplicaNon

– Crash-‐safe Slave – ReplicaNon Checksum

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•  OperaNons – Online ALTER TABLE – Dump and Import of InnoDB Buffer Pool

– Transportable Tablespace – Enhanced Security

•  Password Policy •  SHA256 •  Password ExpiraNon

What's new in MySQL5.6


MySQL 5.7 Release Candidate Available!

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Enhanced InnoDB: faster online & bulk load operaNons

ReplicaNon Improvements (incl. mulN-‐source, mulN-‐threaded slaves...)

New OpNmizer Cost Model: greater user control & berer query performance

Performance Schema Improvements

MySQL SYS Schema

Performance & Scalability Manageability

2 X Faster than MySQL 5.6

Improved Security: safer iniNalizaNon, setup & management

NEW! JSON Support (now in labs)

RC

And many more new features and enhancements... hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/the-‐mysql-‐5-‐7-‐7-‐release-‐candidate-‐is-‐available/


MySQL 5.7: Improvements Leading up to RC1 •  InnoDB for berer transacNonal throughput, availability, IO • ReplicaDon for berer scalability and availability •  Fabric for high availability and sharding • Performance Schema for new and improved performance metrics • OpDmizer for berer EXPLAINing, parsing, query performance • GIS with naNve InnoDB spaNal indexes and Boost.Geometry integraNon •  Security with easier, safer instance iniNalizaNon, setup and management

Available Now! dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

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MySQL 5.7: Sysbench Read Only (Point Select)

MySQL 5.7

MySQL 5.6

MySQL 5.5

MySQL 5.7: Sysbench: Read Only

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-‐4860 x86_64 4 sockets x 10 cores-‐HT (80 CPU threads) 2.3 GHz, 512 GB RAM Oracle Linux 6.5

2x Faster than MySQL 5.6 3x Faster than MySQL 5.5

645,000 QPS


MySQL 5.7: InnoDB, NoSQL With Memcached 6x Faster than MySQL 5.6 Thank you, Facebook

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MySQL 5.7 vs 5.6 -‐ InnoDB & Memcached

MySQL 5.7

MySQL 5.6

1 Million QPS

Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E7-‐4860 x86_64 4 sockets x 10 cores-‐HT (80 CPU threads) 2.3 GHz, 512 GB RAM Oracle Linux 6.5


MySQL 5.7 Parser & OpNmizer Refactoring

OpNmizer

Logical transformaNons

Cost-‐based opNmizer: Join order and access methods

Plan refinement

Query execuNon plan

Query execuNon

Parser

Resolver: SemanNc check,name resoluNon

SQL DML query

Query result

Storage Engine InnoDB MyISAM

Improves readability, maintainability and stability

– Cleanly separate the parsing, opNmizing, and execuNon stages

– Allows for easier feature addiNons, with lessened risk


MySQL 5.7: Parser Refactoring • Challenge:

– Overly complex, hard to add new syntax

•  SoluNon: – Create an internal parse tree borom-‐up – Create an AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) from the parse tree and the user's context.

– Have syntax rules that are more precisely defined and are closer to the SQL standard.

– More precise error messages – Berer support for larger syntax rules in the future

Resolver

Optimizer

SE

Lexical Scanner (lexer)

GNU Bison-generated Parser (bottom-up parsing style)

Contextualization

Parser (new)

Executor

AST


•  OpNmizer and Parser refactoring –  Improves readability, maintainability and stability

–  Cleanly separate the parsing, opNmizing, and execuNon stages

–  Allows for easier feature addiNons, with lessened risk

•  New hint framework –  Easier to manage – With support for addiNonal new hints

•  Improved JSON EXPLAIN •  EXPLAIN for running thread

•  New Cost based OpNmizer •  Generated Columns

•  Support for InnoDB based internal temp tables

•  Berer ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY mode

•  Berer support for InnoDB & GIS •  Many specific new opNmizaNons

Queries execute faster, while using less CPU and disk space!

MySQL 5.7: OpNmizer Improvements

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MySQL 5.7 OpNmizer: New Cost Model • More accurate cost esNmates

– Berer decisions by the opNmizer should improve query performance

• Adapt to new hardware architectures – SSDs, larger memory sizes, improved caches

• More maintainable cost model implementaNon – Avoid hard coded “cost constants” – Refactoring of exisNng cost model code

• Configurable and tunable – mysql.server_cost and mysql.engine_cost tables – API for determining where data resides: on disk or in cache

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MySQL 5.7: Query Rewrite Plugin • New pre and post parse query rewrite APIs

– Users can write their own plug-‐ins • Provides a post-‐parse query plugin

– Rewrite problemaNc queries without the need to make applicaNon changes – Add hints – Modify join order – Many more …

•  Improve problemaNc queries from ORMs, third party apps, etc •  Eliminates many legacy use cases for proxies


MySQL 5.7: OpNmizer -‐ Cost Info in JSON EXPLAIN •  Expanded JSON EXPLAIN

– Now includes all available cost info – Used for Visual Explain In MySQL Workbench

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{ "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost_info": { "query_cost": "200.40" }, "table": { "table_name": "nicer_but_slower_film_list", "access_type": "ALL", "rows_examined_per_scan": 992, "rows_produced_per_join": 992, "filtered": 100, "cost_info": { "read_cost": "2.00", "eval_cost": "198.40", "prefix_cost": "200.40", "data_read_per_join": "852K" }, "used_columns": [ "FID", "title", "description", "category", "price", "length", "rating", "actors" ], ...


Memory InstrumentaDon •  Aggregates staNsNcs by

–  Type of memory used (caches, internal buffers, …)

–  Thread/account/user/host indirectly performing the memory operaNon

•  Arributes include – Memory used (bytes) –  OperaNon counts –  High/Low Water Marks

Statement InstrumentaDon •  Stored Procedures •  Stored FuncNons •  Prepared Statements

•  TransacNons

AddiDonal InformaDon •  ReplicaNon slave status •  MDL lock instrumentaNon

•  Status and variables per thread

•  Server stage tracking •  Track long running SQL •  Improved configuraNon and ease-‐of-‐use

•  All while reducing total footprint and overhead

MySQL 5.7: Performance Schema


HTTP Plugin for MySQL •  Server Plugin adds HTTP(S) endpoints to MySQL • Results are serialized to JSON format encoded as UTF8 • Provides 3 choices of User Endpoint Types

– SQL – CRUD -‐ Key-‐Value – JSON -‐ Document

•  For more details; hrp://www.slideshare.net/nixnutz/hrp-‐plugin-‐for-‐mysql-‐39598656

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HTTP Plugin for MySQL The SQL endpoint and JSON

shell> curl --user basic_auth_user:basic_auth_passwd --url "http://127.0.0.1:8080/sql/db/SELECT+1” [ { "meta":[ {"type":8,"catalog":"def","database":"","table":"”, "org_table":"","column":"1","org_column":"","charset":63, "length":1,"flags":129,"decimals":0} ], "data":[ ["1"] ], "status":[{"server_status":2,"warning_count":0}] } ]


HTTP Plugin for MySQL -‐ IniNal version • HTTP Basic AuthenNcaNon for SSL and Non-‐SSL • No query cache support • No commercial thread pool plugin support • Not all MySQL pluggable auth methods supported • Unlimited: all SQL statements • Unlimited: everything the server returns

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shell> curl --user basic_auth_user:basic_auth_passwd --url "http://.../sql/db/SELECT+col_float+FROM+sql_types"


HTTP Plugin for MySQL GET = SELECT

shell> curl ... --url "http://../crud/db/sql_types/1" { "id" : "1", "col_char" : "CHAR(127)" , "col_null" : null, "col_date" : "2014-12-23", "col_decimal" : "123.45", "col_float" : "0.9999", "col_bigint" : "9223372036854775807" } shell> curl ... --url 'http://../crud/db/simple/' { "errno" : 2000, "error" : "The request URL must include a primary key value” }


MySQL Binlog Events Formerly known as Binlog API

• C++ library for reading Binary log • Can read binary log from server or from file

– One transport for each kind of source – Currently have file and mysql transport

• Decode binary log events – Contain code to decode the events

•  Event Driven API

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MySQL 5.7: JSON • OpNmized for read intensive workload • NaNve JSON data types

– NaNve internal binary format for efficient processing & storage

• Built-‐in JSON funcNons – Allowing you to efficiently store, search, update, and manipulate Documents

•  JSON Comparator – Allows for easy integraNon of Document data within your SQL queries

•  Indexing of Documents using Generated Columns – InnoDB supports indexes on both stored and virtual Generated Columns – New expression analyzer automaNcally uses the best “funcNonal” index available

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MySQL 5.7: JSON

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mysql> CREATE TABLE employees (data JSON); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,01 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO employees VALUES ('{"id": 1, "name": "Jane"}'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO employees VALUES ('{"id": 2, "name": "Joe"}'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0,00 sec) mysql> select * from employees; +---------------------------+ | data | +---------------------------+ | {"id": 1, "name": "Jane"} | | {"id": 2, "name": "Joe"} | +---------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0,00 sec)


MySQL 5.7: JSON • Document ValidaNon

– on insert only

•  Efficient Access

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mysql> INSERT INTO employees VALUES ('some random text'); ERROR 3130 (22032): Invalid JSON text: "Expect a value here." at position 0 in value (or column) 'some random text'.

mysql> select jsn_extract(data, '$.name') from employees; +-----------------------------+ | jsn_extract(data, '$.name') | +-----------------------------+ | "Jane" | | "Joe" | +-----------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0,00 sec)


•  jsn_array() –  Build a JSON array from list of expressions

•  jsn_object() –  Builds JSON objects from a variable length list of key/value pairs

•  jsn_insert() –  Adds 'missing' data to JSON documents

•  jsn_remove() –  Removes arributes from exisNng JSON documents

•  jsn_set() –  Sets arributes within JSON documents

•  jsn_replace() –  Replaces (but doesn't add) arributes within JSON documents

•  jsn_append() –  Adds a value to the end of an array

•  jsn_merge() – Merges two arrays

•  jsn_extract() –  Returns a value nested inside of a JSON document

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JSON FuncNons for CreaNng & ManipulaNng JSON Documents


•  jsn_search() –  Search for values within JSON documents and return their locaNons

•  jsn_contains() –  Checks for a specific element and value

•  jsn_contains_path() –  Determine if a specific element is present in a document in a specific posiNon

•  jsn_valid() –  Check if document is a valid JSON document

•  jsn_type() –  Find the type of a value within a document

•  jsn_keys() –  Returns arrays of the key names for the JSON documents

•  jsn_length() –  Number of elements in JSON document

•  jsn_depth() –  Level of nesNng in JSON document

•  jsn_unquote() –  Helps move from JSON to other MySQL types

•  jsn_quote() –  Helps move from other MySQL types to JSON

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Query and Search JSON FuncNons


Generated Columns

• Virtual Generated Column – Generated on the fly when the column is read – Can be indexed

•  Stored Generated Column – Generated when the referenced column is wriren to – Can be indexed mysql> ALTER TABLE employees ADD name VARCHAR(100) GENERATED ALWAYS AS(jsn_extract(info, '$.name')) VIRTUAL; mysql> ALTER TABLE employees ADD INDEX(name); hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/

Digging into your Documents

labs.mysql.com


•  Save memory/storage and simplify applicaNon – Joins between Documents

•  Normalize data where it makes sense

– Foreign Keys between Documents – Update mulNple Documents in a single atomic transacNon

•  Leverage all of your data – Read/write Document and relaNonal data in a single query/transacNon

•  20 years of product maturity

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So Just Another Document Store?


MySQL 5.7: SYS Schema Helper objects for DBAs, Developers and OperaDons staff • Helps simplify DBA / Ops tasks -‐ Monitor server health, user, host staNsNcs -‐ Spot, diagnose, and tune performance issues

•  Easy to understand views with insights into -‐ IO hot spots, Locking, Costly SQL statements -‐ Schema, table and index staNsNcs

•  SYS is similar to -‐ Oracle V$ catalog views -‐ Microso{ SQL DMVs (Dynamic Mgmnt Views)


•  Replaced custom code with Boost.Geometry –  For spaNal calculaNons –  For spaNal analysis –  Enabling full OGC compliance – We’re also Boost.Geometry contributors!

•  InnoDB R-‐tree based spaNal indexes –  Full ACID, MVCC, & transacNonal support –  Index records contain minimum bounding box

•  GeoHash •  GeoJSON •  Helper funcNons such as ST_Distance_Sphere() and ST_MakeEnvelope()

MySQL 5.7: GIS Improvements

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•  NaNve ParNNoning –  Eliminates previous limitaNons –  Eliminates resource usage problems –  Transportable tablespace support

•  NaNve Full-‐Text Search –  Including full CJK support!

•  NaNve SpaNal Indexes •  Transparent page compression

•  Support for 32K and 64K pages –  Use with transparent page compression for very high compression raNos

•  General TABLESPACE support –  Store mulNple tables in user defined shared tablespaces

•  Support for MySQL Group ReplicaNon –  High priority transacNons

•  Improved support for cache preloading –  Load your horest data loaded at startup

•  Configurable fill-‐factor –  Allows for improvements in storage footprint

•  Improved bulk-‐data load performance

MySQL 5.7: InnoDB Improvements

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MySQL 5.7: InnoDB – Always Online • Resize the InnoDB Buffer Pool online

– Allows DBAs to tune the buffer size without any downNme – Adapt in real-‐Nme to changes in database usage parerns

•  Separate UNDO tablespace – With automaNc online truncaNon

• AddiNonal Online ALTER TABLE support – Enlarge VARCHAR, Rename Index

• Dynamic configuraNon – Making exisNng se}ngs dynamically configurable – As a design principle for new features & se}ngs

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MySQL 5.7: InnoDB -‐ Bulk Load for Create Index • Much faster INDEX creaNon and bulk loads •  Sorted index builds, done from the borom-‐up

– Improves speed by increasing locality and decreasing node spli}ng

• Pages are compressed only when full • New innodb_fill_factor opNon controls free space le{ in each page • Performance results show

– 2-‐3x performance improvement for ADD/CREATE INDEX operaNons •  Up to 500x improvement with larger -‐-‐innodb_sort_buffer_size values

– 2-‐5% improvement for standard INSERT operaNons

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MySQL 5.7: InnoDB Temporary Tables • New separate tablespace for temporary tables

– Improved CREATE/DROP performance – DDL changes are transient, which eliminates some disk IO

• OpNmize DML operaNons – No REDO logging, no change buffering, less locking

• New intrinsic temporary tables – Specialized temporary tables with tailored ACID/MVCC semanNcs – Light weight and ultra-‐fast, great for intermediate query execuNon operaNons

•  InnoDB as default storage engine for disk based temp tables – OpNmizer switched from MyISAM to InnoDB (faster) for internal temp tables

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MySQL 5.7: InnoDB Full-‐Text CJK Support •  Two new Full-‐Text Parser plugins • N-‐gram parser supports Chinese, Japanese, & Korean

– Supports all ideographic languages that do not use word delimiters

• MeCab parser supports Japanese – NaNve Japanese focused language support

•  Easily customized – Token sizes, stop words, …

•  Supports advanced searches – BOOLEAN MODE, NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE, with Ranking


EAF: InnoDB Compression Thank you, SanDisk Fusion-‐io

•  Transparent Page Level Compression – Happens transparently in background threads – Managed enNrely within the IO layer – Uses sparse file and "hole punching" support in OS kernels and File Systems

• Reduces IO – Improves MySQL performance – Improves storage efficiency – Reduces write cycles, thus increasing SSD lifespan

• Applies to all InnoDB data, including the system tablespace and UNDO logs

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labs.mysql.com


MySQL 5.7: Syslog Support for Linux/Unix pla�orms

• NaNve support for syslog •  Simple opNon to (re)direct log output to naNve syslog facility •  Start-‐up server configuraNon opNon • Dynamically in the running server

–  System variable log_syslog (ON/OFF, defaults to OFF).

Thank you, Simon Mudd at booking.com


MySQL 5.7: Security -‐ EncrypNon, Passwords, InstallaNon • AES 256 EncrypNon

– Default in MySQL 5.7

• Password rotaNon policies – Can be set globally, and at the user level

• Deployment: enable secure unarended install by default – Random password set on install – Remove anonymous accounts – Deployment without test account, schema, demo files

•  Easier instance iniNalizaNon and setup: mysqld –iniNalize • New detecNon and support for systemd

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MySQL 5.7: Security – SSL, Proxy User •  SSL

– Enabled by default – Auto-‐detecNon of exisNng keys and certs – Auto generaNon of keys and certs when needed – New helper uNlity: mysql_ssl_rsa_setup

•  Extended Proxy User Support – Added Built-‐in AuthenNcaNon Plugins support for Proxy Users – Allows mulNple users to share a single set of managed privileges

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•  GTID enhancements –  On-‐line, phased deployment of GTIDs –  Binary logging on slave now opNonal

•  Enhanced Semi-‐synchronous replicaNon – Write guaranteed to be received by slave before being observed by clients of the master

–  OpNon to wait on Acks from mulNple slaves

•  MulN-‐Source ReplicaNon –  Consolidate updates from mulNple Masters into one Slave

•  Dynamic slave filters

•  8-‐10x Faster slave throughput –  O{en removes slave as a borleneck; keep pace with master with 8+ slave threads

–  OpNon to preserve Commit order –  AutomaNc slave transacNon retries

MySQL 5.7: ReplicaNon Improvements

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0%#

50%#

100%#

150%#

200%#

250%#

1# 8# 24# 48#Slave#Threads#

Slave#throughput#vs.#96#Thread#Master#


• MulN-‐Source ReplicaNon – Consolidate updates from mulNple Masters into one Slave •  Consolidated view of all shards • More flexible topologies •  Centralized point for backups

– CompaNble with Semi-‐Sync ReplicaNon & enhanced MTS

• Performance Schema tables for monitoring slave

• Online OperaNons: Dynamic ReplicaNon Filters, switch master

MySQL 5.7: ReplicaNon Improvements

Binlog

Master 1

Binlog

Master 2

…

…

Binlog

Master N

IO 1

Relay 1

Coordinator

W1 W2 … WX

IO 2

Relay 2

Coordinator

W1 W2 … WX

…

…

Coordinator

W1 W2 … WX

IO N

Relay N

Coordinator

W1 W2 … WX

Slave


•  MulN-‐master update anywhere –  Conflict detecNon and resoluNon (transacNon rollback) –  OpNmisNc State Machine ReplicaNon

•  AutomaNc group membership management and failure detecNon –  No need for server fail-‐over –  ElasNc scale out/in –  No single point of failure –  AutomaNc reconfiguraNon

•  Well integrated –  InnoDB –  GTID-‐based replicaNon –  PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA

EAF: Group ReplicaNon

ApplicaNon

MySQL Masters ReplicaNon Plugin

API

MySQL Server

Group Comms

labs.mysql.com


MySQL Fabric 1.5

•  High Availability –  Server monitoring with auto-‐promoNon and transparent applicaNon failover

•  OpNonally scale-‐out through sharding –  ApplicaNon provides shard key –  Range or Hash –  Tools for resharding –  Global updates & tables

•  Fabric-‐aware connectors rather than proxy: Python, Java, PHP, .NET, C (labs) –  Lower latency, borleneck-‐free

•  Server provisioning using OpenStack etc.

High Availability + Sharding-‐Based Scale-‐out

MySQL Fabric

Connector

ApplicaNon

Read-‐slaves

mappings

SQL

HA group

Read-‐slaves

HA group

Connector

ApplicaNon

GA


MySQL Workbench 6.3 •  Fabric

– Add node, browse, view, connect • Performance Dashboard

– Performance Schema Reports & Graphs

• Visual Explain • GIS Viewer • MigraNon

– New Microso{ Access – Microso{ SQL Server, Sybase, PostgreSQL, SQLite

GA

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• New Easy to Use Wizards for – Fast Data MigraNon – Table<-‐>File Data Import/Export (like Excel) – SSL CerNficate CreaNon


MySQL on Windows •  MySQL Installer for Windows •  MySQL Workbench

•  MySQL MigraNon Wizard – Microso{ SQL Server – Microso{ Access

•  MySQL for Visual Studio

•  MySQL for Excel

•  MySQL NoNfier

•  MySQL Connector/.Net

•  MySQL Connector/ODBC


MySQL Repos •  DistribuNons

–  Oracle, Red Hat, CentOS –  Fedora –  Ubuntu, Debian –  SUSE

•  Official MySQL Docker Image from Oracle

•  Coming Soon –  Preconfigured Containers –  Improved support for popular DevOps deployment tools

hrps://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo

MySQL on GitHub •  Git for MySQL Engineering

–  Fast, flexible and great for a distributed team –  Great tooling –  Large and vibrant community

•  GitHub for MySQL Community –  Easy and fast code availability to the community and to downstream projects

–  New Pull Requests hrps://github.com/mysql

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MySQL 5.7: AddiNonal Info •  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/whats-‐new-‐in-‐mysql-‐5-‐7-‐first-‐release-‐candidate/ •  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/json-‐labs-‐release-‐overview/

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/?s=query+rewrite

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/category/performance/opNmizer/

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/category/innodb/

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/category/mysql/performance-‐schema/

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/category/gis/

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/category/full-‐text-‐search/

•  hrp://mysqlserverteam.com/category/dicNonary/

•  hrp://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/

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twjug august, what's new in mysql 5.7 rc

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