twinning water quality modelling in latvia helene ejhed 2007-04-25

Twinning water quality modelling in Latvia

Helene Ejhed 2007-04-25

[Title][Lecturer], [Date]

Models basics choice

Model purpose

Model components

Resolution

Data requirements

Time and cost

Test a couple of models


Models choice

Monitoringpressure

stateimpact

Modelingpressure

stateimpact

response


Freeware vs commercial -aspects

Access

Support

Developments

Modules - Package

Cost


Identified concerns

Eutrophication

Dangerous substances


Hydrology models The HBV model (Bergström, 1976 and 1995; Lindström et al., 1997)

– is a conceptual, continuos, dynamic and distributed rainfall-runoff model. It provides daily values of spatial precipitation, snow accumulation and melt, soil moisture, groundwater level, and finally,runoff from every sub-basin, and routing through rivers and lakes. The model is calibrated and validated against observed time-series.

– included in TRK– widely used

SCS (Soil Concervation Service) model – calculates using flow transport factors dependent on landuse and soil type

which gives a "Curve number". Snow routine and monitored baseflow can be added. Daily data.

– included in SWAT and others for surface runoff– simple model


Models of Eutrophication

Purpose – to present good description of source apportionment (pressure) with resonable resolution to be able to give national overview of programmes of measures.

Complexity of models– Data requirements– User requirements– Parameter sensitivity

complex physical based model


Models systems Eutrophication

ex. TRK used on national scale in Sweden

– system of models in different modules: – HBV hydrology– SOILNDB N agricultural release– ICECREAM P agricultural release– HBV-NP retention– Point source calculations– Source apportionment system

ex. SWAT or INCA or Fyriså model or... - model package

ex. MIKESHE or CE-W2_QUAL - model package


EutrophicationModel systems - details

CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional water quality and hydrodynamic code

MIKESHE

Both have a detailed grid description of the catchment.

Detailed description of hydrology and retention in streams and lakes


EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and P

Semidistributed description of the subcatchment

Detailed description of the agricultural process

Simple description of other diffuse sources

Detailed description of point sources on subcatchment

Description of hydrology

Decsription of retention

Applied on national scale in Sweden


EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and PData requirements

General TRK: – Land cover data, soil texture data, Soil USDA class data, crop area,

phosphorus soil data, livestock density, runoff data from HBV, N deposition, leaching data from SOILNDB for arable land and leaching average data from long-term measurements regarding other land-use, point source position and discharge data, percentage of separate sewer for paved surfaces, rural household position and discharge, retention in %from HBV-N. Data are compiled at subcatchment level.

SOILNDB: – meteorological data, average soil organic matter, crop management

and yield, N fertilisation and manuring, N fixation rates in ley, deposition rates, non-existent crop sequence combinations.


EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and PData requirements continued

HBV: subbasin division and coupling, altitude distribution, time-series of precipitation and temperature (time-series of observed water discharge at some site).

HBV-NP: results from HBV,SOILNDB and ICECREAMDB, crop and soil distribution, leaching concentrations from other land use, location and emissions from point sources and rural households, lake depths and atmospheric N deposition (time-series of observed riverine N concentrations in some site).


EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and PData requirements continued

•ICECREAM – P agricultural model•requires phosphorous in soil,


EutrophicationModel systems –SWAT

SWAT is a continuous time model that operates on a daily time step at basin scale. The objective of such a model is to predict the long-term impacts in large basins of management and also timing of agricultural practices within a year (i.e., crop rotations, planting and harvest dates, irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide application rates and timing).

Model system package

Detailed description of the landuse

Data requirement heavy

User requirement heavy


EutrophicationModel systems –INCA-P

for assessing the effects of multiple sources of phosphorus on the water quality and aquatic ecology in heterogeneous river systems. The Integrated catchments model for Phosphorus (INCA-P) is a process-based, mass balance model that simulates the phosphorus dynamics in both the plant/soil system and the stream.

model system package


EutrophicationModel - INCA


EutrophicationModel tests To be performed in Jelgava by Agricultural university in Latvia using

Fyriså model, and SOILNDB and ICECREAM 2007 – low financing

Comparison of HBV-NP, Fyriså model, conceptual models with process based models in lake Vänern in Sweden published in 2004 – similar performance in model

Fyriså model based on monthly based data.

Communicate with the above project

Start by applying the TRK and SWAT

Then test MIKESHE

Data requirements will decide usefulness


Dangerous substancesModels and processes

Desiscion support system – SOCOPSE.se

Recommendation of process

Chemical fate modeling – fugacity approach

Screening monitoring

MFA (Material Flow analysis) and LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)

QSAR modeling – for new substances


Toxic pressure

Sediment

WaterSoil

Vegetation

AirAerosols

Aquatic particles

Biota

Transport Processes and the use of Models

Occurrence and distribution of chemicals in different media


Dangerous substancesModels and processes - QSAR

QSAR model is a relation between chemical structure and a property of the chemical compound. The features of a chemical structure are captured by so called chemical descriptors that can be of a number of different types.

twinning water quality modelling in latvia helene ejhed 2007-04-25

Documents

runoff data

average data

discharge data

daily data

soil texture data

phosphorus soil data

meteorological data

soil usda class data