History of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy

Sigmund Freud and his contributions The structure and process of the unconscious Key role of early childhood experiences in

shaping personality Creation of a distinctive methodology for

psychological treatment of mental disorders The recognition that the patient’s character is

central to understanding psychic symptomatology

Variations of Psychoanalysis

Harry Stack Sullivan – Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry

Heinz Kohut – Self Psychology

Habib Davanloo and David Malian – Short-Term Psychodynamics

Otto Kernberg – Transference-Focused Therapy

Anna Freud and Melanie Klein – Child Therapists

Key Aspects of Personality Development

Free association

Topographical contours Unconscious, preconscious, conscious

Tripartite model of the human psyche Id, ego, superego

Therapeutic Elements

Transference: tendency to utilize internal relational schematic representations to orient our interactions with others

Interpretations are made regarding the unconscious based on free associations

Countertransference: feelings aroused in the analyst as his or her unconscious takes in and responds to the patient’s transference

Theory of Psychotherapy

Main goal: to overcome developmental obstacles and personality patterns that interfere with a person’s ability to function at their highest level

Assessment of ego-functions

Process Psychoanalysis: 4 to 5 weekly sessions over 3

to 5 years Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: 4

to 80 weekly session

Most Popular Currently Practiced Psychoanalytic

Variants Structural-Drive Theory

Unconscious drives Defense mechanisms

Relational Psychoanalysis Object relations Interpersonal theory Attachment theory

Self-Psychological Theory

Multiperspective Approach

Strategies and Interventions

Restructuring methods

Focus attention on the interpersonal therapy process

Engage in activities that directly disrupt what has been procedurally learned