Turkey

Culture, Politics & Legal System, Economy

Foreign Area Studies

Team members

BiZhi from China

Jalynbek from Kyrgyzstan

Sunlu from China

Yekaterina from Uzbekistan

ZhaoXin from China

Report struc-ture

Introduction

Culture

Politics & Legal Sys-tem

Economy

Population History

Religion MusicDance Turkish architectureFood Etiquette and CustomsValue and Attitude Social Structure

Political structureModern Political structureLegal SystemCourts& Judgments

General overview Structure of Turkish economyService sector Transportation Communication TourismFinancial sector Agricultural sectorIndustrial sector Construction sectorNatural recourses Energy sector

Introduc-tionPopulation: 79~million

Largest Cities:

Istanbul ANKARA (capital) BursaAdana

Ethnic Groups:Turks 76%Kurds 15%Other 8.3%

Brief History

Ottoman Empire 14th ~20th cen-turies

An independent state since 1923

The Ottoman Empire

ulture

ulture

Clothing culture is also mostly based on Is-lamic rules.( women have to hide some parts of her body)

Turkish music has combined the distinct cul-tural values of all those civilizations which have lived in Anatolia and the Ottoman territo-ries.

Folk dances have different characteristics based on region and location. Even each has special costumes, steps, rhythms and instruments

Religion: Islam : 99.8% (mostly Sunni),other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

ulture The architectural styles and structural systems of Turkish buildings are unique convergence of West and Middle East

Turkish cuisine is largely the heritage of Ottoman cuisine, which can be described as a fusion and refinement of Central Asian, Middle Eastern and Balkan cuisines

Tea culture Tea is an important part of the Turkish cul-ture. Offering tea or coffee is considered to be a sign of friendship and hospitality

Coffee culture: Coffee-house is the most popular social place in Turkey where people have coffee, tea and at the same time play poker together.

Greeting ulture

When meeting shake hands firmly.

Friends and relations would greet each other with either one or two kisses on the cheek.

Elders are always respected by kissing their right hand then placing the forehead onto the hand.

 Greet people with either the Islamic greeting of 'Asalamu alaykum' (peace be upon you) or 'Nasilsiniz' (How are you? pro-nounced na-sul-su-nuz).

ulture Values and attitudes:- The father is usually responsible for making the basic income

- father as the head of the family, but the mother has equal rights.

- Women get married at an earlier age than men and settle into their role of housewife and home maker.

- Nearly every female univer-sity graduate has only one child

- When Turkish people meet each other they ask questions about family and health.

- maintain an eye contact while speaking

ulture Social Structure - The urban upper class is mainly made up of government officials, wealthy business people, and profes-sionals, and is primarily determined by political power and/or education.

- College degree, is the passport to joining the urban middle class

- About 65 percent of the poor classes depend on un-skilled work for their liveli-hood.

Politi s

Politi s

A military officer and the first president of the Republic of Turkey

Creator of Secular and military State Of Turkey

Controlled the state from 1923~1938

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Politi s

Parliamentary representative democratic re-

publicThe Parliament consist of multi-parties

Prime-minister is the head of government

The President is the head of state with large

ceremonial role but limited power

Government system

State StructureState Structure is based on division of

powers

Executive power

• President• Prime minister• Council of Ministers

Legislative power

•TGNA(Mejlis)• National security council

Judicial power

•Constitutional court• Supreme court• council of state

Constitution

Political Principles

The Turkish Constitution and most mainstream political parties are built on the following principles:

Kemalism(1930~still exists) Laicism (1970~ Modernization (2000~

Some other influences: Neo-Liberalism Socialism Communism

Economi s

National indi-cator

•GDP: $1.116 Trillion(2010)

•GDP growth : +9.0 % (2010)

•GDP/capita: $ 10.106(Nominal) $15.340(PPP)

•GDP by sector: Agriculture:9.4%, industry:

25.9%, services: 64.7%

•Inflation: %10.4

•Labor Force: 25.3 million

•Unemployment: 8.8% vs Korea 3.4% (2011

est.)

GDP by sector, 2009

ServiceIndustryAgriculture

GDP by Sector

Services: 64.7% Industry: 25.9%, Agriculture: 9.4%,

GDP by sector, 2009

Credit rating table

  Rating com-pany

Rating Out-look

1 Standard & Poor’s BB Stable

2 Moody’s Ba2 Positive

3 Fitch BB+ Stable

Range of Eco-nomic system

• THE TURKISH ECONOMY is being transformed in the 1990s from a state-led to a market-oriented econ-omy.

• Today it is somewhere near to mixed economyCen-

trally planned

Mixed Market econ-omy

Turkey

Human devel-opment index

Turkey ranks on 92nd position among 187 countries

Textile industry

• Turkish companies made clothing exports worth $13.98 billion in 2006; more than $10.67 billion of which (76.33%) were

made to the EU member states

Shipbuild-ing

• Turkey is one of the world's leading shipbuilding nations

• 2007 Turkish shipyards ranked 4th in the world (behind China, South Korea and Japan)

Infrastructure

• As an emerging market Turkey has a competitive commercial infrastructure.

• Has 102 Airports which 22 are open to International traffic• The number of airline passengers is expected to reach 120

million in 2011

Steel indus-try

•Turkey ranks 10th in the list of countries by steel production•In 2010, total steel production was 29 million tons. Main producers:

•Erdenir (7.1 million tonnes) (47th )

•Habaş (4.4 million tonnes) (72nd)

•İçdaş (3.6 million tonnes) (76th)

•Diler (2.3 million tonnes) (108th)

•Çolakoğlu (2.1 million tonnes) (110th)

Transport

• Shipping plays an important role in the Turkish economy.• The country's 8,430-kilometer coastline is covered with large

and small ports• The rail network was 10,991 km in 2008,(22nd in the World)• As of 2010, the country had a roadway network of

426,951 km, including 2,080 km of expressways and 16,784 km of divided highways

Agriculture

Turkey is one of the largest producers of cherry, fig, apricot, pomegranate, quince, hazelnut.

1st place by production output of the agricultural goods in 2007

2nd largest producer of watermelon, cucumber,

3rd largest producer of tomato, eggplant, green pepper

4th largest producer of onion and olive

5th largest producer of sugar beet

6th largest producer of tobacco, tea, and apple

7th largest producer of cotton