turiyatitavadhuta upanishad

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Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad

The Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad (Sanskrit: तु रीया- तीत अवधू त उिपनषत,् IAST: Turīyatītāvadhūta Upaniṣad)is a medieval era Sanskrit text and is one of the minorUpanishads of Hinduism.[5] The text is attached to theShukla Yajurveda,[3] and is one of the 20 Sannyasa (re-nunciation) Upanishads.[2]

The Upanishad is notable for its description of the na-ture and life of a self-realized monk called Turiyatita-Avadhuta, literally a totally liberated man, also called aAvadhuta or Jivanmukta.[4][6][7] Such a person, asserts

the text, is rare.[8] The self-realized individual does notperform any rituals or rites, nor chant mantras, discrimi-nate against or for others, and is beyond the Turiya stateof consciousness.[4][9] In the Paramahamsa state, he isdevoted to non-dualism, is always soul-driven, is Brah-man and syllable Om.[8] The exact distinction betweenParamahamsa, Avadhuta and Turiyatita-Avadhuta statesis obscure, states Patrick Olivelle, but these conceptsrepresent an attempt in the Hindu traditions to compre-hend, refine and describe the inner and outer state of self-realization and the highest monastic life.[10]

This text is a part of the collection of ancient and me-

dieval Sannyasa Upanishads, most of which are premisedentirely on the Advaita Vedanta philosophy.[11][12][13]

However, unlike other Sannyasa Upanishads, theTuriyatita text uses some Vaishnavism terminology,but not to the same extent as the Sannyasa-relatedShatyayaniya Upanishad .[12][4] This text also emphasizesnondualism.[4][14]

1 History

The date or author of Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad is un-

clear, but given its literary style and the texts it references,it is likely a medieval era text.[15] Olivelle and Sprockhoffdate it around 14th- to 15th-century.[1][16]

Manuscripts of this text are also found alternativelytitled as Turiyatita Upanishad ,[14] and Turiyatitavad-hutopanisad .[7] The text is listed at number 64 in theTelugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads of theMuktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman.[17]

2 Contents

Liberation

This divine secret and ancient treasure,

he draws into himself:There is no one else different from me.

He does not fear pain.He does not rejoice at pleasure.He longs not for love.

—Turiyatita Avadhuta Upanishad (Tr: Olivelle)[14][18]

The text is structured as a discourse from Narayana(Vishnu) to Brahma, about the monastic life and state of

Avadhutas (highest liberated Hindu monks).[4]

Such lib-erated persons are rare, states the text.[19] They, assertsthe Upanishad, are an incarnation of knowledge, of de-tachment, of inner purity.[19][20] He alone is the man ofthe Vedas, translates Olivelle.[19]

The monastic life of the Avadhuta starts as Kutichakamonk, who then becomes Bahudaka monk, thereafterreaching the Hamsa state of monastic life.[19] Beyondthat, he becomes Paramahamsa monk, wherein he hasdeeply contemplated on his own nature and thus has dis-covered the entire universe, states the text.[19] Thereafter,he becomes Avadhuta where he abandons everything, he

gives up shaving, vertical line symbols on his foreheadand outer symbolism of any sort.[21]

He never blames anyone, states the Upanishad, neitherpraises nor criticizes anyone, he is free of deceit and ar-rogance, he has no hate or love for anyone, he neithergets angry nor excited by anything, he just eats if hefinds something and goes hungry if he does not, assertsthe Upanishad.[21][22] There is no superior or inferior forsuch a liberated man, states the text, he sees everythingas nondual, he understands and lives by the divine secretand ancient value that “there is no one else different fromme”.[18] He fears no one, he fears no pain, he fears no

pleasure, he has no longing for love, he is at rest in hisinnermost core, states the Upanishad.[18][23]

The Avadhuta wanders, alone. He appears like a fool toothers, asserts the text, but he doesn't care. He medi-tatesonhisownnaturetofindtheultimatetruthBrahman,states the text; he is lost in the Brahman, his own self is allhe is, he is one with Om.[24] Such is the Avadhuta, statesthe Upanishad, he has done all there is to do.[24][23] Thusends the Upanishad.[23]

3 See also

• Jabala Upanishad

1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabala_Upanishadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdhva_Pundrahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narayanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanumanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muktikahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaitahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatyayaniya_Upanishadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaishnavismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advaita_Vedantahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Olivellehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramahamsahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jivanmuktahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sannyasahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajurvedahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upanishadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_language


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2 4 REFERENCES

• Nirvana Upanishad

• Paramahamsa Upanishad

• Yogatattva Upanishad

4 References

[1] Olivelle 1992, pp. 8–9.

[2] Olivelle 1992, pp. x–xi, 5.

[3] Tinoco 1996, p. 89.

[4] Olivelle 1992, pp. 238–240.

[5] Tinoco 1996, pp. 86–89.

[6] Rigopoulos 1998, p. 66-67.

[7] Vedic Literature, Volume 1, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts , p. PA386, at Google Books,Governmentof Tamil Nadu, Madras, India, page 386-387

[8] Mahadevan 2006, p. 177.

[9] Dalal 2010, p. 50.

[10] Olivelle 1993, pp. 171, 228–230.

[11] Olivelle 1992, pp. 17–18.

[12] Rigopoulos 1998, p. 63-67, 81 note 27.

[13] Stephen H Phillips (1995), Classical Indian Metaphysics,Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0812692983, page332 with note 68

[14] Hattangadi 2000.

[15] Olivelle 1992, pp. 5, 7–8.

[16] Sprockhoff 1976.

[17] Deussen 1997, pp. 556–557.

[18] Olivelle 1992, p. 239.

[19] Olivelle 1992, p. 238.

[20] Hattangadi 2000, p. 1.

[21] Olivelle 1992, pp. 238–239.

[22] Hattangadi 2000, pp. 1–2.

[23] Hattangadi 2000, p. 2.

[24] Olivelle 1992, p. 240.

4.1 Bibliography

• Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.

• Deussen, Paul (1997). Sixty Upanishads of the

Veda. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1467-7.

• Deussen, Paul (2010). The Philosophy of the Up-anishads . Oxford University Press (Reprinted byCosimo). ISBN 978-1-61640-239-6.

• Hattangadi, Sunder (2000). "तु रीयातीतोपिनषत्(Turiyatita Avadhuta Upanisad)" (PDF) (in San-skrit). Retrieved 4 March 2016.

• Mahadevan, T. M. P. (2006). Los Upanishad Esen-ciales (in French). LD Books. ISBN 970-732-184-9.

• Olivelle, Patrick (1992). The Samnyasa Upanisads .Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195070453.

• Olivelle, Patrick (1993). The Asrama System. Ox-ford University Press. ISBN 978-0195083279.

• Rigopoulos, Antonio (1998). Dattatreya: The Im-mortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the

Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-

faceted Hindu Deity. State University of New YorkPress. ISBN 978-0-7914-3696-7.

•

Sprockhoff, Joachim F (1976). Samnyasa: Quel-

lenstudien zur Askese im Hinduismus (in German).Wiesbaden: Kommissionsverlag Franz Steiner.ISBN 978-3515019057.

• Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). Upanishads .IBRASA. ISBN 978-85-348-0040-2.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=7xoNEM63hZEC&pg=PA89https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3515019057https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3696-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195083279https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195070453https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/970-732-184-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/970-732-184-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=danIxdEvEYcC&pg=PA177http://books.google.com/books?id=danIxdEvEYcC&pg=PA177http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/turiya.pdfhttp://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/turiya.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61640-239-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=k_Bea7AXHY4C&pg=PA26http://books.google.com/books?id=k_Bea7AXHY4C&pg=PA26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gChttp://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-341421-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA50http://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC&pg=PA50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFHattangadi2000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFHattangadi2000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFHattangadi2000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFDeussen1997https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFSprockhoff1976https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFHattangadi2000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780812692983https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFRigopoulos1998https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1993https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFDalal2010https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFMahadevan2006https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Bookshttps://books.google.com/books?id=2YIoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAPA386https://books.google.com/books?id=2YIoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAPA386https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFRigopoulos1998https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFTinoco1996https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFTinoco1996https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad#CITEREFOlivelle1992https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogatattva_Upanishadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramahamsa_Upanishadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_Upanishad


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