tsm planning
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TOURISM PLANNING
Prepared by: Ma'am L
Integrated Planning and Development
PROACTIVE APPROACH – requires deep and thorough understanding of not only the local economy and its structure, limitations and strengths, but also the probable effects of external factors, how they may impinge on the local developent process and what form these external effects are likely to take.
REACTIVE APPROACH – based upon the premise that there are too many variables, internally and externally, to be able to plan
TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT
Tourism product characteristics Tourism as a means of wealth distribution
Tourism as labor-intensive industry Tourism and on-the-job training
The structure of tourism Protectionism Multitude of industry Price flexibility Price Competitive Seasonality
TOURISM PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
>>> Uniqueness>>> Multiplier effect>>> Leakage
TOURISM AS A MEANS OF WEALTH DISTRIBUTION
>>> fastest earners of foreign exchange
>>> domestic tourism – effective means of income redsitribution
TOURISM AS A LABOR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRY
>>> generation of employment opportunities
>>> importation of labor
TOURISM AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
>>> educational qualifications>>> education and training
STRUCTURE OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
>>> SME's>>> International Hotel Chains>>> Independent flight operators>>> National airline giants
MULTITUDE OF INDUSTRIES
>>> different tourism sectors>>> employment mutipliers>>> tourist expenditure
PRICE FLEXIBILITY
>>> product differentiation
>>> price sensitivity
PRICE COMPETITIVE
SEASONALITY
>>> supply and demand factors>>> consumption of tourists
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING LAYERS
International tourism planning National tourism planning Regional/Local tourism
planning
THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS
Study recognition and preparation Setting of objectives or goals for the strategy Survey of existing data Implementatin of new surveys Analyses Policy and plan formulation Recommendations Implementation of the plan Monitoring and reformulation
DEVELOPMENT PLAN TEAM
The Development plan team wil consist of four groups of specialists, falling into the broad categories of technical services, marketing specialists, planners and economists
DEVELOPMENT PLAN FIVE DISTINCT PHASES
Identification and inventory of the existing situation
Forecasts for the future Plan formulation Specific project development Implementation
The successful development of tourism requires the construction of a development plan or strategy that is flexible and thorough.
Flexibility is required in order to adjust and reformulate in response to internal and external changes.
Thoroughness is required because of the complexity of the tourismindustry and the economic, environmental and social consequences
of its development.
Although the process of tourism development planning will be specific from destination to destination there are processes that need to be followed at
national and sub-national levels and these processes provide the framework for tourism development planning.
Tourism development plan failure is likely to be attributable to failures ateither the design stage (inadequate planning structure) or the
Implementation stage .
It is important that authorities have contingency plans in place to deal withunexpected events that may knock the tourism strategy off corse.