web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177...

30
nature01264-f2.2.jpg a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a trichotomy with hagfishes and all other vertebrates (that is, one possibility is that it is a stem craniate), but this is largely because of the inferred presence of metameric gonads. b, Strict consensus of four equally parsimonious trees (length 175, consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64) obtained when the character 'metameric gonads' (114) is inactivated. Haikouichthys appears here as the sister-group to all other vertebrates except hagfishes, like Myllokunmingia in the analysis of ref. 5.

Upload: lamque

Post on 31-Jan-2018

218 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

nature01264-f2.2.jpga, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a trichotomy with hagfishes and all other vertebrates (that is, one possibility is that it is a stem craniate), but this is largely because of the inferred presence of metameric gonads. b, Strict consensus of four equally parsimonious trees (length 175, consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64) obtained when the character 'metameric gonads' (114) is inactivated. Haikouichthys appears here as the sister-group to all other vertebrates except hagfishes, like Myllokunmingia in the analysis of ref. 5.

Page 2: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

cambrian.

myllokunmingia pharyngolepis

Page 3: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

Myllokunmingia,/ Haikouichthys,Specifications: The upper fish is Myllokunmingia, and the lower one is called Haikouichthys, they both lived in Early Cambrian, 530 million years ago.chengjiang-fauna-

Page 4: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

fosil2.jpg1: Haikouichthys ercaicunensis, 2: Myllokunmingia fengjiaoa

Page 5: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

Haikouichthys ercaicunensis

a–d, Details of the head, emphasizing its anterior structures; preservation is dorso-ventral. a, b, ELI-0001003 (273). c, d, ELI-00010013 (323). e, g, i, k, Details of the anterior, emphasizing the notochord with associated vertebral elements and branchial arches. e, g, ELI-0001015 (12B), anterior to the right. i, k, ELI-0001020 (8), anterior end to the left. f, h, j, l, Nearly complete specimens. f, h, ELI-0001002 (191), anterior end to the right. j, l, ELI-0001001 (172), anterior end to the left. Ap, anterior plates; Ba, branchial arches; Df, dorsal fin; Myo, myosepta; Nc, notochord; Nc and vert, notochord with vertebral elements; Nos, nostril; Ns, nasal sacs; ?Oc, otic capsule; Oe, oesophagus; Pa, post-anal tail; Vert, vertebral elements; Vf, ventral fin-fold. L, left; R, right.

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6922/full/nature01264.html

Page 6: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

6%20fish.jpg

Jaymoytius.JPG

Jaymoytius http://www.gla.ac.uk/~gxha14/scotloc/lesm.html

Page 7: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

jamoytius.Jamoytius from the Willis collection

Page 8: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

7%20lamprey%20larv.jpg

8%20hagfish.jpg

Page 9: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

10%20lamprey.jpg

Page 10: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

12%20lamprey.jpg

14%20larva.jpg

16%20hagfish%20tail.jpg

Page 11: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

18%20tail.jpg

20%20lamprey.jpg

Myxinikela siroka.JPG

Myxinikela .

Page 12: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

23%20hagfish%20teeth.jpg

25%20noto.jpg

Page 13: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

euphanerops_longaevus (Lependrelepis)Title: Euphanerops longaevusAuthor: Illustration FROM François Miville-DeschênesSources: Parc national de MiguashaYear: 1999

Description: A specimen of Euphanerops with the impression of the long branchial basket visible on the ventral side of the animal. Also evident is the strongly downward-pointing axis of the tail (caudal fin).

euphanerops_longaevusIn 1991, and for several years after, researchers thought that they had unveiled another new anaspid species at Miguasha. Baptized Legendrelepis parenti, this fish differed from Euphanerops longaevus by the greater separation between its anal fin and tail, and the possible presence of a very small dorsal fin. These details turned out to be artifacts of preservation, and both species are now thought to be one and the same.

Page 14: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

Legendrelepis parenti,

euphaneropsTitle: Reconstruction of EuphaneropsAuthor: Illustration by Philippe JanvierSources: Parc national de MiguashaYear: 2003

Description: Side view of Euphanerops longaevus, a very strange looking fish.

28%20conodont.jpg

Page 15: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

29%20conodont.jpg

Page 16: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

31%20conodont.jpg

Page 17: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

33%20conodont.jpg

Page 18: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

35%20conodont.jpg

Page 19: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

37%20eyes.jpg

Page 20: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

52%20shields.jpg

Cephalaspis vogti (Stensiö)= Alaspis ou Camptaspis ou Diademaspis ou Escuminaspis ou Eucephalaspis ou Machairaspis ou Pattenaspis ou Scolenaspis ou Tegaspis ou Zenaspis selon les auteurs et les ouvrages= Waengsjoeaspis vogti (Wangsjö)

Dévonien inférieur à Dévonien supérieur : Lochkovien (Anc. Gedinnien) à Frasnien

http://www.fossiliraptor.be/faunedudevonienvertebres.htm

Page 21: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

cephalaspis.gif

56%20shield.jpg

50%20fish.jpg

Page 22: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

40%20fish.jpg

42%20fish.jpg

Page 23: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

drep.jpg

45%20fish.jpg

Page 24: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

jawless1c.jpg

48%20theolodont.jpg

Page 25: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

jawless1a.jpg

jawless2.jpg

Page 26: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

pit.jpg

Hemicyclaspisostrocoderm

46%20fish.jpg

Page 27: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

plac_spike.jpg

Ostracodermi http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostracodermi

OstracodermiFossiel voorkomen: Ordovicium - Devoon

Taxonomische indeling

Rijk: Animalia (dieren)Stam: Chordata (chordadieren)Onderstam: Vertebrata (gewervelden)Superklasse: Agnatha *

Klasse

Ostracodermi †*

Portaal   Biologie

Page 28: Web viewnature01264-f2.2.jpg. a, Strict consensus of 23 equally parsimonious trees (length 177 steps; consistency index 0.64, retention index 0.64). Haikouichthys appears here in a

Ostracodermi of ostracodermen (van Grieks όστρακο (ostrako) = schelp; δέρμα (derma) = huid) zijn

een parafyletische groep van uitgestorvenprimitieve kaakloze vissen (Agnatha). Groepen die tot de

ostracodermen gerekend worden hebben gemeen dat ze bedekt waren met een pantser van benen platen.

Fossielen van deze dieren zijn gevonden in Europa en Noord-Amerika.

Ostracodermen zijn meestal niet langer dan 30 cm. Het waren waarschijnlijk langzame, op de bodem

levende vissen. Het zijn de oudst bekende vissen waarbij de kieuwen uitsluitend voor ademhaling dienden -

eerdere gewervelden gebruikten hun kieuwen ook om voedsel uit het water te filteren. Voor voedsel hadden

ze twee uitwendige farynxes, die als zakken aan de zijkant van de kop hingen, zonder

beschermend operculum ter afdekking. Spieren in de farynxes zorgden voor stroming, waarmee kleine

prooien naar binnen gezogen werden.

Nadat rond 400 miljoen jaar geleden de eerste kaakvissen verschenen namen de Ostracodermi sterk af in

aantal. De laatste verdwenen tijdens deLaat-Devonische extinctie (rond 360 miljoen jaar geleden).

Omdat de klasse Ostracodermi parafyletisch is (dat wil zeggen dat de verschillende taxa binnen de groep

niet direct evolutionair verwant zijn) wordt ze in moderne indelingen meestal niet opgenomen. Enkele

groepen die tot de Ostracodermi gerekend worden zijn:

Pteraspidomorphi

Thelodonti

Anaspida

Galeaspida

Pituriaspida

Osteostraci

Euconodonta

Eriptychiida

Categorieën: 

Uitgestorven vis

Ordovicium

Siluur

Devoon