Tropospheric ozone climatology at extratropical

latitudesO.A. Tarasova(1), A.M. Zvyagintsev(2) , G. Kakajanova(2) , I.N. Kuznetsova(3)

(1) Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia OTarasova@yandex.ru

(2) Central Aerological Observatory of Russian HydrometeorologicalCenter, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia,

(3) Hydrometeorological State Research Centerof Russia, Moscow, Russia

The work is carried out in the frames of ACCENT project

EGU General Assembly 2006, Vienna

““What do we know about tropospheric What do we know about tropospheric ozone?” or ozone?” or ObjectivesObjectives

The spring maximum is a Northern Hemispheric phenomenon. It occurs widely across mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Its nature is Its nature is stillstill unclear unclear

The phenomenon occurs with different timing and magnitude in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere as compared to the upper troposphere. Is it Is it truetrue out ofout of the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere?

There are apparent latitude/longitude gradients in the shape of the seasonal cycle over Europe. On the western edge of Europe there are sites with a spring maximum/summer minimum. This is followed by a band of sites with a spring time maximum followed by a broad decrease in ozone towards autumn. Finally, in the interior of Europe measurement sites display a broad summer maximum. Can we say anything about Can we say anything about globalglobal gradients? gradients?

Diurnal cycle is characterized by afternoon maximum at non-elevated sites and at night concentration maximum at the elevated ones. Can it help us to interpret Can it help us to interpret observed observed seasonalityseasonality??

By the ozone sondes measurements in the north Pacific it was shown that in general the prominent spring maximum is observed throughout the troposphere being tied to the jet stream. Is it Is it “local”“local” phenomenon? phenomenon?

Oltmans, S. J., et al. (2004), Tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific from ozonesonde observations, J. Geophys. Res.,109, D15S01, doi:10.1029/2003JD003466.

Monks, P.S, A review of the observations and origins of the spring ozone maximum, Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 3545-3561

Ozone measurements Ozone measurements networksnetworks

(long time series)(long time series)

Approach usedApproach used

Long-term measurements are selectedLong-term measurements are selected Mean seasonal cycle with 1 hour Mean seasonal cycle with 1 hour

resolution is calculatedresolution is calculated Obtained seasonal cycles are classified Obtained seasonal cycles are classified

by K-means clustersby K-means clusters Center of clusters are analyzedCenter of clusters are analyzed Amplitude of seasonal/diurnal Amplitude of seasonal/diurnal

variations is estimated for each cluster variations is estimated for each cluster for each hour/month.for each hour/month.

EMEP network: EMEP network: 5 clusters 5 clusters

resultsresults

0 2 4 6 8 10 120

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

diu

rna

l cyc

le a

mp

litu

de

, pp

b

month

cluster 1 cluster 2 cluster 3 cluster 4 clsuter 5

0 5 10 15 20 25

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

seas

onal

cyc

le a

mpl

itude

, ppb

local time

cluster 1 cluster 2 cluster 3 cluster 4 cluster 5

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30

40

50

60

70

80

AT02AT42AT45AT46AT47

BE01BE32BE35

CH02CH03

DE02DE07DE09

DE12

DE17

DE26

DE35

DK31 DK32DK41GB02GB06 GB14

GB32GB34

GB36

GB37

GB38GB39

LT15LV10

NL09

NL10

NO43NO45

SE02SE11

AT04AT30

AT32 AT33AT40AT41 AT43

AT44CH04CH05

CZ01CZ03

DE01

DE03

DE04DE05

DE08

FI09

SI31SI33

FI22

FI17

FI22

GB13

GB15

GB31

GB33GB35

GB43

IE31

NO01

NO15

NO39

NO41

NO42

NO48

PT04

SE12

SE13

SE32

SE35

SK04 SK06

AT34AT37 AT38SI32IT04

CLUSTER 1 CLUSTER 2 CLUSTER 3 CLUSTER 4 CLUSTER 5

latit

ud

e

longitude

EMEP network: 5 clusters resultsEMEP network: 5 clusters results

Rural and semi-polluted Semi-elevated

Clean (remote) High-mountain Ispra

Clusters of sites according to seasonal-Clusters of sites according to seasonal-diurnal variability shape diurnal variability shape

(EMEP+WDCGG)(EMEP+WDCGG)

EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering

Clean sites – spring maximum

EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringcycles clustering

Semi-polluted and semi-elevated – double maximum with spring dominating

EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering

Rural – spring maximum and autumn minimum with bigger amplitude than for clean group

EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering

Elevated – double maximum with spring dominating and nigh diurnal maximum

EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering

Polluted – double maximum with summer dominating

Shift of seasonality for the sites Shift of seasonality for the sites with double maximumwith double maximum

Surface ozone seasonal series in the Surface ozone seasonal series in the Southern hemisphereSouthern hemisphere

0

10

20

30

1 4 7 10

Neumayer, 71S

Syowa, 69S

Ushuaia, 55S

Cape Point, 34S

S-Pole, 90S

McMurdo, 78S

Baring Head, 41S

Cape_Grim, 41S

ppb

month

Ozone sondes launch-sitesOzone sondes launch-sitesLatitude Longitude Height Period

Number of profiles

KAGOSHIMA 31,55 130,55 0,031 1969-2003 665

SAPPORO 43,05 141,333 0,019 1968-2003 703

TATENO 36,05 140,1 0,031 1968-2003 903

ALERT 82,5 -62,3 0,062 1987-2002 619

EDMONTON 53,55 -114,1 0,766 1970-2002 980

RESOLUTE 74,72 -94,98 0,064 1966-2001 869

BOULDER 40,03 -105,25 1,689 1963-2003 1198

GOOSE BAY 53,32 -60,3 0,044 1963-2002 1100

CHURCHILL 58,75 -94,07 0,035 1973-2002 863

HOHENPEISSENBERG 47,8 11,02 0,975 1966-2003 3591

SYOWA -69 39,58 0,021 1966-2003 640

WALLOPS ISLAND 37,933 -75,483 0,013 1970-1992 452

HILO 19,717 -155,067 0,011 1982-2003 760

PAYERNE 46,49 6,57 0,491 1968-2002 3682

LINDENBERG 52,25 14,12 0,112 1975-2003 1246

NAHA 26,2 127,683 0,027 1989-2003 434

MARAMBIO -64,233 -56,717 0,196 1988-1998 246

LAVERTON -37,867 144,75 0,021 1982-1999 360

LEGIONOWO 52,4 20,967 0,096 1979-2003 633

SODANKYLA 67,39 26,65 0,179 1988-1998 628

SOUTH POLE -90 0 2,835 1986-2003 538

Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – WOUDC)concentration (ozonesondes – WOUDC)

67N-83N

53N-59N

Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – ozone concentration (ozonesondes –

WOUDC)WOUDC)48N-53N

40N-47N

Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – ozone concentration (ozonesondes –

WOUDC)WOUDC)36N-38N

19N-32N

Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – ozone concentration (ozonesondes – WOUDC)WOUDC)

Southern HemisphereImpact of the spring Antarctic ozone anomaly is observed at all Antarctica station to a greater or lesser extent

Conclusions Conclusions In general ozone concentration in the troposphere is lower in the Southern In general ozone concentration in the troposphere is lower in the Southern

hemisphere BUT it has similar features as in the Northern hemisphere.hemisphere BUT it has similar features as in the Northern hemisphere. Ozone seasonal cycle is observed between winter and summer in both Ozone seasonal cycle is observed between winter and summer in both

hemispheres. hemispheres. At the high and mid latitudes of the both hemispheres seasonal maximum At the high and mid latitudes of the both hemispheres seasonal maximum

of the surface ozone is observed in winter – beginning of spring and its of the surface ozone is observed in winter – beginning of spring and its position in time does not depend on the local time. It is observed thought position in time does not depend on the local time. It is observed thought whole troposphere. Spring maximum is likely to have whole troposphere. Spring maximum is likely to have dynamical dynamical nature nature

Moving to the South, time of the maximum shifts to summer months and Moving to the South, time of the maximum shifts to summer months and the structure of the seasonal variability gets more complicated. As summer the structure of the seasonal variability gets more complicated. As summer maximum is observed only for daily ozone (2 months earlier than for night maximum is observed only for daily ozone (2 months earlier than for night seasonal maximum) and only in the low troposphere it is likely to have a seasonal maximum) and only in the low troposphere it is likely to have a photochemicalphotochemical nature. nature.

There are several distinct seasonal-diurnal structures of the surface ozone There are several distinct seasonal-diurnal structures of the surface ozone variability with spring, spring-summer and summer seasonal maximum. It variability with spring, spring-summer and summer seasonal maximum. It is difficult to make any conclusion about global spatial gradients of the is difficult to make any conclusion about global spatial gradients of the seasonal-diurnal variability shape. Only slight latitudinal shift of variability seasonal-diurnal variability shape. Only slight latitudinal shift of variability amplitudes is observed. amplitudes is observed.

Spring ozone anomaly impacts the seasonality observed at the sonding Spring ozone anomaly impacts the seasonality observed at the sonding sites in Antarctica.sites in Antarctica.

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