tropical rainforest
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TROPICAL RAINFOREST
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• within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn).
• An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm.) of rain falls yearly.
• Temperature-higher than 93 °F (34 °C) or drops below 68 °F (20 °C)
• Humidity- between 77 and 88%;
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• Covered less than 6% of the Earth’s land surface
• 50% of animals and plants live • Produce 40% of Earth’s oxygen• Two-thirds of all flowering plants can
be found in rainforests.• A single hectare 42,000 different
species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.
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Major rainforest in the world
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Types of tropical forest
• Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests
• Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal forests
• Montane rain forests• Flooded forests
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Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests
• forests which receive high rainfall (more than 2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout the year
• Occurs at the belt of the equator
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Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal forests
• high overall rainfall with a warm summer• wet season and a cooler winter dry season• Some trees shed off their leaves on winter
season
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Montane rain forests
• cloud forests• Found in cooler-climate mountain areas• Latitude is between 1500 to 3300 m
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Flooded forest
• Permanently waterlogged swamp forest• Seasonally waterlogged swamp forest• Lower floodplain forest• Middle floodplain forest• Upper floodplain forest• Old floodplain forest• Previous floodplain
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Layers of Rain Forest
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Forest floor
• Forest Floor– bottom-most layer– receives only 2% of the sunlight– Low vegetation-low sunlight penetration– contains decaying plant, animal matter and fungi– Several species of reptiles, amphibians and insects– Also some large mammals
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Understory
• Lies between the canopy and the forest floor
• home to a number of birds, small mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators
• about 5% of sunlight breaches the canopy to arrive at the understory causing true understory plants to seldom grow to 3 m (10 feet)
• plants have broad leaves
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Canopy
• primary layer of the forest• contains the majority of the largest
trees, typically 30–45 m in height• Tall, broad-leaved evergreen trees• Supports rich flora and diverse fauna
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Emergents
• contains a small number of very large trees, called emergents
• reaching heights of 45–55 m• few species will grow to 70–80 m tall• unique faunal species inhabit this
layer(crowned eagle, king colobus, and large flying fox
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Abiotic and
Biotic factors
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Abiotic Factors
• Temperature• Precipitation• Soil• Humidity
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Biotic Factors
• Plants • Animals
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Plant Adaptations
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Animal Adaptation
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Human ImpactMining and drillingConversion to agriculture landClimate Change
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Human impact•Deforestation•Urbanization•Pollution•Poaching•Tourism