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TRANSCRIPT
a buyer’s guide
Trees for Conservation
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Many thanks to Dennis Will, Dan Wand, Greg Morgenson, Vince Urbina, Randy Moench and Mike Way for the fine photographs in this publication.
This publication was developed by the Colorado State Forest Service, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-5060.CSFS #115-1196
The Colorado State Forest Service tree program enables farmers, ranchers and rural landowners to obtain trees at nominal cost. The program’s aim is to encourage landowners to plant new forests; establish effective windbreaks to reduce erosion, protect homes, cropland, livestock and highways; and enhance wildlife habitat. Our trees and shrubs are grown for their conservation benefits only. Ornamental qualities such as color, degree of flowering, fruit production and others are not guaranteed.
To participate, landowners must have at least two acres of land and must agree not to use the trees for ornamental or landscaping purposes. These trees and shrubs cannot be resold as living plants (the roots must be severed). Contact your local nursery for ornamental needs.
For information on ordering trees and application forms, contact your local soil conservation district, your local Extension county office, your district Colorado State Forest Service office (page vi), or the Colorado State Forest Service nursery.
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Trees for Conservationa buyer’s guide
a catalog of conservation tree and shrub species grown at the Colorado State Forest Service Nursery
Revised October 2008
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Contents
Colorado State Forest Service Offices ...................................... vi
Caragana ..................................................................................... 1
Cotoneaster ................................................................................ 1
Chokecherry ............................................................................... 2
Lilac ............................................................................................. 2
Native plum ................................................................................ 3
Sumac (skunkbush) ................................................................... 3
Sand cherry ................................................................................. 4
Nanking cherry .......................................................................... 4
European sage............................................................................. 5
Wild rose ..................................................................................... 5
Buffaloberry ............................................................................... 6
Four-wing saltbush .................................................................... 6
Golden currant ........................................................................... 7
Serviceberry ................................................................................ 7
Mountain mahogany ................................................................. 8
Red-osier dogwood .................................................................... 8
New Mexico forestiera (privet) ................................................. 9
Snowberry .................................................................................. 9
Wax currant .............................................................................. 10
Green ash .................................................................................. 10
Siberian elm .............................................................................. 11
Hybrid cottonwood .................................................................. 11
Native willow mix .................................................................... 12
Golden willow .......................................................................... 12
Hackberry ................................................................................. 13
Honeylocust ............................................................................. 13
Lombardy poplar ..................................................................... 14
Bur oak ..................................................................................... 14
Coyote willow ........................................................................... 15
Peachleaf willow ....................................................................... 15
Prairie sky poplar ..................................................................... 16
Gambel oak .............................................................................. 16
Lanceleaf cottonwood .............................................................. 17
Aspen ........................................................................................ 17
Austrian pine ............................................................................ 18
Colorado blue spruce ............................................................... 18
Douglas-fir ............................................................................... 19
Engelmann spruce ................................................................... 19
Eastern redcedar ....................................................................... 20
Lodgepole pine ......................................................................... 20
Pinon pine ................................................................................ 21
Ponderosa pine ......................................................................... 21
Rocky Mountain juniper ......................................................... 22
Scotch pine ............................................................................... 22
White fir .................................................................................... 23
Bristlecone pine ........................................................................ 23
Narrowleaf cottonwood ........................................................... 24
Freemont cottonwood ............................................................. 24
Limber pine .............................................................................. 25
Subalpine fir ............................................................................. 25
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Colorado State Forest ServiceJeff J. Jahnke, State ForesterColorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-5060(970) 491-6303
Alamosa DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 1137129A Santa FeAlamosa, CO 81101-1137(719) 587-0915
Boulder DistrictColorado State Forest Service5625 Ute HighwayLongmont, CO 80503-9130(303) 823-5774
Canon City DistrictColorado State Forest Service515 McDaniel Blvd., Industrial ParkCanon City, CO 81212-4164(719) 275-6865
Durango DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 7233Fort Lewis College CampusDurango, CO 81301-3908(970) 247-5250
Fort Collins DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceBuilding #1052, Foothills CampusColorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO 80523-5060(970) 491-8660
Fort Morgan DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP.O. Box 368801 East BurlingtonFort Morgan, CO 80701-3638(970) 867-5610
Franktown DistrictColorado State Forest Service2068 North State Highway 83P. O. Box 485Franktown, CO 80116-0485(303) 660-9625
Golden DistrictColorado State Forest Service1504 Quaker StreetGolden, CO 80401-2956(303) 279-9757
Granby DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 69201 E JasperGranby, CO 80446-0069(970) 887-3121
Grand Junction DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceState Services Building222 South 6th Street, Room 416Grand Junction, CO 81501-2771(970) 248-7325
Gunnison DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 1390Gunnison, CO 81230-1390(970) 641-6852
La Junta DistrictColorado State Forest Service208 Santa Fe Avenue, Suite 21La Junta, CO 81050-0977(719) 384-9087
La Veta DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 81Moore & Poplar StreetsLa Veta, CO 81055-0081(719) 742-3588
Montrose DistrictColorado State Forest Service102 Par Place, Suite 1Montrose, CO 81401-4196(970) 249-9051
Salida DistrictColorado State Forest Service7980 West Highway 50Salida, CO 81201-9571(719) 539-2579
Steamboat Springs DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 7736571475 Pine Grove Road, Suite 201ASteamboat Springs, CO 80477-3657(970) 879-0475
Woodland Park DistrictColorado State Forest ServiceP. O. Box 9024113 South BoundaryWoodland Park, CO 80866-9024(719) 687-2921
CSFS NurseryColorado State Forest ServiceBuilding 1060, Foothills CampusColorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO 80523-5060(970) 491-8429
10/08
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CaraganaCaragana arborescens
CotoneasterCotoneaster acutifolia
Growth Form: irregular or hedgelikeCrown Density: denseSize: 8-12 feet high 5-8 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: good salt and alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: aphids and grasshoppersPossible Disease Problems: very resistantWildlife Value: good: songbirdsSeasonal Color: yellow spring flowersMiscellany: does well in poor soils
Growth Form: ovoid to irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 6-8 feet high 3-5 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: oyster shell scalePossible Disease Problems: fireblight; fairly resistantWildlife Value: high: song and game birdsSeasonal Color: brilliant red-orange foliageMiscellany: can be clipped to a hedge
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ChokecherryPrunus virginiana
Growth Form: ovoid to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 6-20 feet high 6-20 foot spreadDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 9,000 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: borers, pear-slug sawflyPossible Disease Problems: black knot, fireblightWildlife Value: high: song and ground birds; good: small
mammals, and browse for deerSeasonal Color: golden yellow to orange fall foliageMiscellany: delicious edible fruit for jellies and pies; native;
can be poisonous to livestock
LilacSyringa spp.
Growth Form: round to irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 8-12 feet high 8-12 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: lilac borer, leaf miners, oyster
shell scalePossible Disease Problems: lilac leaf blotch, powdery
mildew, some leaf spotsWildlife Value: moderately high: songbirds; cover valueSeasonal Color: fragrant purple or white spring flowersMiscellany: develops into a dense barrier
var. villosa lilac
common lilac
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Native plumPrunus americana
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: openSize: to 8 feet high to 8 foot spreadDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: pear-slug sawflyPossible Disease Problems: fireblight, powdery mildewWildlife Value: excellent: hoofed browsers; nesting cover and
food valueSeasonal Color: large white flowers in MayMiscellany: native; delicious edible fruit for jellies and
canning; forms a thicket
Sumac (skunkbush)Rhus trilobata
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: denseSize: to 4 feet high to 8 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapid to moderateLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: excellent alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: fairly resistantPossible Disease Problems: Fusarium wiltWildlife Value: excellent: many birdsSeasonal Color: red-orange fall foliageMiscellany: native; berries have slight lemon taste when
rolled under tongue
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Sand cherryPrunus besseyi
Growth Form: spreadingCrown Density: moderateSize: 3 feet high 4 foot spreadDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: shortElevational Range: to 7,500 feetSoil Conditions: best on sandy to loamy soilsPossible Insect Problems: pear slug; fall web wormPossible Disease Problems: powdery mildewWildlife Value: excellent: browse and food valueSeasonal Color: pink flowers Miscellany: native; edible fruit
Nanking cherryPrunus tomentosa
Growth Form: round to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: to 8 feet high to 8 foot spreadDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: tent caterpillars, bark beetlesPossible Disease Problems: shot-hole leaf spot, black knotWildlife Value: high: song and game birdsSeasonal Color: white flowers in springMiscellany: delicious edible fruit for jellies; blooms early
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European sageArtemesia abrotanum
Growth Form: round to irregularCrown Density: openSize: to 8 feet high to 8 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 6,000 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: fairly resistantPossible Disease Problems: fairly resistantWildlife Value: fair; cover and browse value
Wild roseRosa spp.
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: openSize: 4 feet high, spreadingDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 10,000 feetSoil Conditions: moistPossible Insect Problems: leaf cutter beesWildlife Value: excellent: big game browse and food value;
relished by grouse, turkey and pheasantSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native; showy flowers; suckers and spreads
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BuffaloberryShepherdia argentea
Growth Form: round to irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 10 feet high; spreadingDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: moderateLife Span: longElevational Range: to 7,500 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkalinePossible Insect Problems: unimportantPossible Disease Problems: unimportantWildlife Value: good: food value; excellent: cover for small
game and songbird nestingSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native; edible fruit for jellies; forms thickets
Four-wing saltbush Atriplex canascens
Growth Form: round to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 3 feet high 5 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: moderateLife Span: longElevational Range: to 8,500 feetSoil Conditions: excellent alkali and salt tolerancePossible Insect Problems: grasshoppersWildlife Value: good: forage valueSeasonal Color: mature seed makes fine contrastMiscellany: native
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Golden currantRibes aureum
Growth Form: round to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 7 feet high 3 foot spreadDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: moistPossible Insect Problems: imported currant worm, oyster
shell scalePossible Disease Problems: blister rustWildlife Value: good: food and browse value; nesting coverSeasonal Color: red to orange fall color; showy yellow flowersMiscellany: native; edible fruit
ServiceberryAmelanchier spp.
Growth Form: ovoid to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 6 feet high 5 foot spreadDrought Resistance: fairCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: moderateLife Span: longElevational Range: to 9,000 feetSoil Conditions: moistPossible Insect Problems: pear slugPossible Disease Problems: leaf spots and rustWildlife Value: excellent: big game browse; food value for
upland gameSeasonal Color: showy white flowersMiscellany: native; edible fruit; showy flowers
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Mountain mahoganyCercocarpus montanus
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 6 feet high 5 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: moderateLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 9,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline; well-drained Possible Insect Problems: tent caterpillarsPossible Disease Problems: unimportantWildlife Value: high: big game browse; cover for small game
birds and mammalsSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native; seed showy in fall
Red-osier dogwoodCornus serica
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: openSize: to 8 feet high to 6 foot spreadDrought Resistance: fairCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 11,000 feetSoil Conditions: not suited for dense claysPossible Insect Problems: dogwood sawfly, polyphemus
moth, oystershell scalePossible Disease Problems: cytospora cankerWildlife Value: excellent: grouse, pheasant, turkey, grosbeak,
robin, cedar waxwingSeasonal Color: vivid red fall foliage and stems. Showy white
flowers and berriesMiscellany: for moist sites such as streamside riparian areas
Dogwood close-up courtesy Natural Resources Conservation Service
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New Mexico forestiera (privet)Forestiera neomexicana
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 10 feet highDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: moderateLife Span: longElevational Range: to 7,500 feetSoil Conditions: moist; alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: unimportantPossible Disease Problems: unimportantWildlife Value: good; fruit valuable to quail, songbirds;
excellent: coverSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native; bluish-black fruit; yellow flowers
SnowberrySymphoricarpos spp.
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: openSize: 3 feet highDrought Resistance: fairCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: moderateLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: aphidsPossible Disease Problems: leaf spot, anthracnose, rust,
powdery mildewWildlife Value: good: food and cover for turkey, grouse, and
other small gameSeasonal Color: white fruitMiscellany: native
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Green ashFraxinus pennsylvanica
Growth Form: irregular to ellipticalCrown Density: moderateSize: 35-75 feet high 15-35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: longElevational Range: to 6,000 feetSoil Conditions: good alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: ash borer, oyster shell scale, ash
sawflyPossible Disease Problems: occasional powdery mildewWildlife Value: fair: game and songbirdsSeasonal Color: golden-yellow fall foliageMiscellany: native; does best in sandy, loam soils
Wax CurrantRibes cereum
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 3 feet high 3-5 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: very goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: 4000-11000 feetSoil Conditions: coarse and medium textured soilsPossible Insect Problems:Possible Disease Problems: alternate host for white pine
blister rustWildlife Value: highSeasonal Color: attractive red fruitMiscellany: native, edible fruit
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Siberian elmUlmus pumila
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: to 40 feet high 30-40 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline well Possible Insect Problems: elm leaf beetlePossible Disease Problems: bacterial wetwoodWildlife Value: moderate: song and game birds (seeds
and buds)Seasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: hardiest of all elms; can be weedy
Growth Form: globular to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 75-100 feet high 50-75 foot spreadDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 6,500 feetPossible Insect Problems: leaf miners, fall webworm, poplar
borers, oyster shell scalePossible Disease Problems: cytospora canker; bacterial
wetwood, Marssonina leaf blightWildlife Value: fair: nesting and roosting coverMiscellany: “Norway” male clone, will produce male flowers.
No guarantee on degree of “cotton” production
Hybrid cottonwood (poplar)Populus spp.
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Growth Form: globular to spreadingCrown Density: moderateSize: to 35 feet high to 35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline and salts well Possible Insect Problems: aphidsPossible Disease Problems: cytospora canker; bacterial
wetwoodWildlife Value: moderate: song and game birds; food value
for buds and twigsSeasonal Color: orange-yellow bark on young growth
in winterMiscellany: requires moist soil
Golden willowSalix alba vitellina
Native willow mixSalix spp.
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: denseSize: to 12 feet high; spreadingDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: moistPossible Insect Problems: willow and poplar borers;
sawfly gallsPossible Disease Problems: leaf rustWildlife Value: high: food and cover for birds, browse value
for deer, elk and mooseSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: a mix of whiplash (Pacific), strapleaf, and coyote
willows, native, suckers and spreads, species mix may vary from year to year
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HoneylocustGleditsia triacanthos inermis
Growth Form: irregular, spreadingCrown Density: open, fine-texturedSize: 35-75 feet high 15-50 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: very goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderate to longElevational Range: to 7,500 feetPossible Insect Problems: pod gall midge; scale insectsPossible Disease Problems: thyronectria canker; sunscald;
cytospora cankerWildlife Value: lowMiscellany: usually thornless
HackberryCeltis occidentalis
Growth Form: globularCrown Density: moderateSize: 40-60 feet high 40-60 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: very goodGrowth Rate: rapid to moderateLife Span: longElevational Range: to 7,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline well; moderately
salt tolerant Possible Insect Problems: leaf gall psyllids; spiny elm
caterpillar; nipple gall always presentPossible Disease Problems: hackberry witches’ broomWildlife Value: high: songbirds and small mammalsSeasonal Color: pale lemon-yellow foliage in fallMiscellany: native; wood of commercial value
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Lombardy poplarPopulus nigra ‘Italica’
Growth Form: columnar to ovoidCrown Density: moderateSize: to 40 feet high 10-15 foot spreadDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: shortElevational Range: to 8,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: fall webwormPossible Disease Problems: bacterial wetwood; cytospora
cankerWildlife Value: lowMiscellany: best for temporary protection only
Bur oakQuercus macrocarpa
Growth Form: globularCrown Density: moderateSize: to 75 feet high Drought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: very longElevational Range: to 7,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline well Possible Insect Problems: scales, gall waspsWildlife Value: excellent: acorn food value for birds and
mammalsSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: can live more than 200 years
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Coyote willowSalix exigua
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: denseSize: to 10 feet high; spreading Drought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: shortElevational Range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: moistPossible Insect Problems: willow and poplar borers; sawfly
gallsPossible Disease Problems: leaf rustWildlife Value: high: food and cover for birds; browse value
for deer, elk and mooseSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native; suckers and spreads
Peachleaf willowSalix amygdaloides
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: openSize: to 40 feet highDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: moistPossible Insect Problems: willow and poplar borersPossible Disease Problems: cytospora canker, leaf rustWildlife Value: high: food and cover for birds, browse value
for deer, elk & mooseSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native
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Prairie Sky CottonwoodPopulus x canadensis ‘Prairie Sky’
Growth Form: columnarCrown Density: moderateSize: 50 feet high 10 foot spreadDrought Resistance: lowCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 8,000Soil Conditions: Adapted to coarse and medium textured
soilsPossible Insect Problems: Cottonwood leaf beetlePossible Disease Problems: Good canker resistanceWildlife Value: lowSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: usually cottonless
Gambel OakQuercus gambelii
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 4 to 15 feet high Spread variableDrought Resistance: LowCold Hardiness: GoodGrowth Rate: SlowLife Span: Long Elevational Range: 4100 to 9000Soil Conditions: Adapted to coarse and medium textured
soilsPossible Insect Problems: gall waspsPossible Disease Problems: anthracnoseWildlife Value: HighSeasonal Color: not conspicuousMiscellany: native though can be regarded as weedy in
some areas
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AspenPopulus tremuloides
Growth Form: ovoid to columnarCrown Density: openSize: 35-50 feet high 20-35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: to 11,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: poplar borer, scale, tent caterpillar,
twig gall flyPossible Disease Problems: cytospora canker, leaf spotWildlife Value: high: buds and catkins for food value for
grouse and browsersSeasonal Color: yellow fall colorMiscellany: native
Lanceleaf CottonwoodPopulus x acuminata
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: 40 to 60 feet high 25 foot spreadDrought Resistance: lowCold Hardiness: goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: 4000 to 8500Soil Conditions: adapted to coarse soilsPossible Insect Problems: borersPossible Disease Problems: cankersWildlife Value: LowSeasonal Color: Can have attractive yellow leaves in fallMiscellany: male flowers
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Colorado blue sprucePicea pungens
Growth Form: conicalCrown Density: denseSize: 60-100 feet high 15-35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: fairCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: fair alkaline tolerancePossible Insect Problems: pine needle scale, tussock moth,
terminal weevil, gall aphidsPossible Disease Problems: Valsa canker, spruce witches’
broomWildlife Value: high: song and ground birds and grouse;
hoofed and small browsersSeasonal Color: bluish evergreenMiscellany: native; Colorado’s state tree; high ornamental
value
Austrian pinePinus nigra
Growth Form: pyramidalCrown Density openSize: to 40 feet high to 30 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: fairGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: to 7,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline well Possible Insect Problems: pine tip mothPossible Disease Problems: fairly resistantWildlife Value: high: song and ground birds, food value from
seedsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: forms a good screen
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Douglas-firPseudotsuga menziesii
Growth Form: conical to pyramidalCrown Density: denseSize: 70-100 feet high 20-35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: 6,000 to 9,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: spruce budwormPossible Disease Problems: shoestring root rot; Douglas-fir
mistletoe, bacterial gallWildlife Value: high: food value for grouse, songbirds and
small mammals; browse for deer and elkSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native
Growth Form: conical to spirelikeCrown Density: denseSize: 70-90 feet high 15-30 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: 8,000 to 11,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: spruce bark beetle, spruce
budwormPossible Disease Problems: root rot, spruce broom rustWildlife Value: high: food value for grouse and songbirds;
browse for deer and elkSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native; intolerant of direct sun, requires shade
Engelmann sprucePicea engelmannii
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Lodgepole pinePinus contorta
Growth Form: conical to spirelikeCrown Density: openSize: 35-70 feet high 15-30 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: 6,000 to 11,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: mountain pine beetlePossible Disease Problems: mistletoe, western gall rustWildlife Value: high: food value from seeds for upland game
and songbirdsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native; good conifer for high altitude
windbreaks
Eastern redcedarJuniperus virginiana
Growth Form: pyramidal to irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 15-20 feet high 10-20 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: to 7,500 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline and salts well Possible Insect Problems: spider mitesPossible Disease Problems: rustWildlife Value: high: song and game birds; hoofed browsers,
good coverSeasonal Color: rusty redMiscellany: very adaptable to site conditions
21
Pinon pinePinus edulis
Growth Form: rounded to irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 15-30 feet high 15-30 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span longElevational Range: to 7,500 feetPossible Insect Problems: pinon pitch borer, ips, spindle gall
midgePossible Disease Problems: black stain root disease,
mistletoeWildlife Value: high: food value from seeds for upland game
and songbirdsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native
Ponderosa pinePinus ponderosa
Growth Form: conical to ovoidCrown Density: moderately denseSize: 40-100 feet high 15-60 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapid to moderateLife Span: longElevational Range: to 9,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline well Possible Insect Problems: sawflies, bark beetle, tip mothPossible Disease Problems: western gall rust; dwarf
mistletoe, shoestring root rotWildlife Value: high: song and ground birds, small mammals,
browsersSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native; needs well-drained soils
22
Scotch pinePinus sylvestris
Growth Form: pyramidal to ovoidCrown Density: openSize: 40-65 feet high 20-40 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: very goodGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: longElevational Range: to 7,000 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline Possible Insect Problems: tip moths, ips beetlesPossible Disease Problems: fairly resistantWildlife Value: high: food value for upland game and song
birdsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: makes an excellent Christmas tree
Rocky Mountain juniperJuniperus scopulorum
Growth Form: pyramidal to irregularCrown Density: denseSize: 15-50 feet high 10-35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: excellentCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: to 9,000 feetSoil Conditions: excellent alkaline tolerance Possible Insect Problems: spider mites, bark beetlesPossible Disease Problems: juniper broom rust, juniper gall
rusts, juniper true mistletoeWildlife Value: high: song and ground birds, large browsing
mammalsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native
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White firAbies concolor
Growth Form: conicalCrown Density: denseSize: 60-100 feet high 20-35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: very goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: 6,000 to 9,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: spruce budworm, Douglas-fir
tussock mothPossible Disease Problems: needlecast, root rotWildlife Value: moderate: food source and winter cover for
grouse and songbirdsSeasonal Color: bluish evergreenMiscellany: native
Bristlecone pinePinus aristata
Growth Form: irregularCrown Density: openSize: 20-40 feet high Drought Resistance: fairCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: to 11,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: bark beetlesPossible Disease Problems: white pine blister rustWildlife Value: high: food value from seeds for upland game
and songbirdsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native
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Narrowleaf cottonwoodPopulus angustifolia
Growth Form: ovoid to irregularCrown Density: moderateSize: to 50 feet high to 30 foot spreadDrought Resistance: fairCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: rapidLife Span: moderateElevational Range: 5,000 to 9,500 feetSoil Conditions: tolerates alkaline well Possible Insect Problems: blotchmine beetlePossible Disease Problems: cytospora canker; bacterial
wetwoodWildlife Value: moderate: nesting and roosting cover; buds
catkins and twigs for food valueSeasonal Color: yellowMiscellany: native; very weak wood
Fremont CottonwoodPopulus fremontii
Growth Form: spreadingCrown Density: moderateSize: 50-90 feet high 35 foot spreadDrought Resistance: MediumCold Hardiness: FairGrowth Rate: RapidLife Span: ModerateElevational Range: 4000 to 7000 feetSoil Conditions: adapted to a variety of soil typesPossible Insect Problems: cottonwood leaf beetlePossible Disease Problems: mistletoeWildlife Value: lowSeasonal Color: attractive yellowMiscellany: native of Western Colorado, not cottonless
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Limber pinePinus flexilis
Growth Form: conical to ovoidCrown Density: openSize: to 35 feet high Drought Resistance: goodCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: to 11,000 feetSoil Conditions: well-drainedPossible Insect Problems: bark beetlesPossible Disease Problems: mistletoeWildlife Value: high: food value from seeds for upland game
and songbirdsSeasonal Color: evergreenMiscellany: native
Subalpine firAbies lasiocarpa
Growth Form: conical to spire-likeCrown Density: moderateSize: 60-100 feet high 10 to 20 foot spreadDrought Resistance: poorCold Hardiness: excellentGrowth Rate: slowLife Span: longElevational Range: 8,000 to 11,000 feetPossible Insect Problems: balsam bark beetle, western spruce
budworm, fir engraverPossible Disease Problems: armillaria root disease,
annosus root rotWildlife Value: fair: grouse, nutcracker, sapsucker, deer, elk,
mooseSeasonal Color: distinctive black/purple conesMiscellany: native, not suited to lower elevations, requires
shade
Photos courtesy Forest Service Canada