TREATMENT OF THE JUVENILE OFFENDER

IIISSUES IN ASSESSMENT AND CASE

PLANNING

DR. ROBERT D. HOGE

DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

CARLETON UNIVERSITY

OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1S 5B6

613-520-5773 robert_hoge@carleton.ca

ISSUES IN ASSESSMENT

PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT

• DETENTION DECISIONS

• WAIVERS TO ADULT COURT/MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM

• COMPETENCY TO STAND TRIAL

• DISPOSITIONS/SENTENCING

• PROGRAMMING DECISIONS

CLINICAL VS STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENTS

• CLINICAL ASSESSMENTS RELY ON THE INFORMAL AND UNSTRUCTURED COLLECTION OF INFORMATION.

• STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENTS REPRESENT STRUCTURED FORMATS FOR COLLECTING AND INTEGRATING INFORMATION.

CATEGORIES OF ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS & PROCEDURES

PSYCHOMETRIC INSTRUMENTS APPROPRIATE FOR USE BY MENTAL HEALTH

PROFESSIONALS

• STANDARDIZED IQ TESTS SUCH AS THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN

• STANDARDIZED PERSONALITY TESTS SUCH AS MINNESOTA MULTIPHASIC INVENTORY-ADOLESCENT

BEHAVIOURAL CHECKLISTS & RATING SCALES APPROPRIATE FOR USE BY SYSTEM

PROFESSIONALS WITH SPECIAL TRAINING

• CHILD BEHAVIOUR CHECKLIST

• ANTISOCIAL PROCESS SCREENING DEVICE

• BROWN ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDERS SCALES

• HOW I THINK QUESTIONNAIRE

• CRIMINAL SENTIMENTS SCALE

BROAD-BASED RISK/NEEDS INSTRUMENTS

DESIGNED TO PROVIDE BROAD ASSESSMENTS OF RISK AND NEED FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH YOUTH CRIME.

SOME ARE CLINICALLY BASED AND SOME ARE RESEARCH BASED

EXAMPLES OF BROAD-BASED RISK/NEEDS INSTRUMENTS

• EARLY ASSESSMENT OF RISK LIST FOR BOYS/GIRLS

• ESTIMATE OF RISK OF ADOLESCENT SEXUAL OFFENCE RECIDIVISM

• STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT OF VIOLENCE RISK IN YOUTH

• YOUTH LEVEL OF SERVICE/CASE MANAGEMENT INVENTORY

YOUTH LEVEL OF SERVICE/CASE MANAGEMENT INVENTORY

PURPOSE

THE INSTRUMENT IS DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE PROFESSIONAL WORKER IN THE COLLECTION AND SYNTHESIS OF RISK, NEED, AND RESPONSIVITY INFORMATION AND THE LINKING OF THAT INFORMATION WITH CASE PLANNING.

COMPONENTS OF THE YLS/CMI

• PART I ASSESSMENT OF RISK AND NEEDS

• PART II SUMMARY OF RISK/NEEDS

• PART III ASSESSMENT OF OTHER NEEDS/ SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

• PART IV CASE MANAGER ASSESSMENT

• PART V CONTACT LEVEL

• PART VI CASE MANAGEMENT PLAN

ISSUES IN CASE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

GUIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CASE MANAGEMENT

• EMPLOY STRUCTURED ASSESSMENTS OF RISK,

NEED, AND RESPONSIVITY

• OBSERVE THE RISK, NEED, AND RESPONSIVITY

RULES

• BUILD ON STRENGTH FACTORS

• CONSIDER THE DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL OF THE

YOUTH

GUIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CASE MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)

• DEVELOP A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE

YOUTH

• SELECT EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS

• EMPHASIZE CAREFUL SELECTION AND TRAINING

OF PERSONNEL

• MONITOR PROGRESS ON A REGULAR BASIS

TIPS FOR CASE PLANNING

• DEFINE NEEDS IN SPECIFIC TERMS• PRIORITIZE RISK AND NEED AREAS• IDENTIFY RELEVANT STRENGTHS• IDENTIFY BARRIERS• IDENTIFY INCENTIVES• EVALUATE READINESS AND MOTIVATION

FOR CHANGE• SELECT INTERVENTIONS

EXAMPLES OF EVIDENCE-BASED PROGRAMMES

• FUNCTIONAL FAMILY THERAPY• PARENT MANAGEMENT TRAINING• MULTISYSTEMIC THERAPY• MULTIDIMENSIONAL TREATMENT FOSTER CARE• AGGRESSION REPLACEMENT TRAINING• VIEWPOINTS• TIME TO THINK• EQUIP PROGRAM

EXAMPLES OF INEFFECTIVE APPROACHES

• NON-DIRECTIVE THERAPY• PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACHES• TALKING CURES• MOST DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS• MOST SELF-HELP PROGRAMS• SHAMING STRATEGIES• ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM APPROACHES

EXAMPLES OF CANADIAN PROGRAMS

SOME PROVISIONS OF THE CANADIAN YOUTH CRIMINAL JUSTICE ACT

• EXTRAJUDICIAL MEASURES (DIVERSION)• EXTRAJUDICIAL SANCTIONS • PROBATION• CUSTODY (OPEN OR CLOSED)• INTENSIVE REHABILITATIVE CUSTODY &

SUPERVISION• POST-RELEASE SUPERVISION

ATTENDANCE CENTRE PROGRAMME[JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY OTTAWA]

• TARGET GROUP: HIGH RISK 16 & 17 YEAR OLDS WITH OPEN CUSTODY DISPOSITIONS OR RECENT RELEASE FROM CUSTODY

• COMMUNITY-BASED TREATMENT PROGRAMME

• PHASES: ASSESSMENT (YLS/CMI); INDIVIDUAL (CASE PLANNING/TREAT READINESS); GROUP SESSIONS; INDIVIDUAL (RELEASE PLANNING)

ATTENDANCE CENTRE MODULES[COUNTER POINT]

• ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOUR CHANGE• FRIENDS & OTHER INFLUENCES• ALTERNATIVES TO AGGRESSION• PROSOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING• ALCOHOL & DRUG USE• EDUCATION & EMPLOYMENT• RELAPSE PREVENTION

A DIFFERENT STREET PROGRAMME[JOHN HOWARD SOCIETY OTTAWA & EASTERN

ONTARIO YOUTH JUSTICE SERVICES]

• TARGET GROUP: 16 TO 20 YEAR OLDS RELEASED FROM CUSTODY & HOMELESS

• 12 APARTMENTS HOUSING 24 YOUTH• YLS/CMI ASSESSMENT AT INTAKE &

CLOSURE• ASSIST IN ADJUSTING TO COMMUNITY

LIVING & ADDRESSING SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, EDUCATIONAL & EMPLOYMENT NEEDS

OTTAWA POLICE DIVERSION PROGRAMME[BOYS & GIRLS CLUB & OTTAWA POLICE SERVICE]

• DIVERSION PROVISION OF YCJA• DIVERT YOUTH OUT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

SYSTEM BUT PROVIDE NEEDED SERVICES• INITIAL DECISION AT DISCRETION OF POLICE

OFFICER• STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT BY PROGRAMME

STAFF• CHOICE OF ACTION: WARNING, FORMAL CAUTION,

RERERRAL TO COMMUNITY SERVICES• MODERATE OR HIGH RISK CASES PROVIDED

COMMUNITY-BASED TREATMENTS

PROGRAMS OF THE DURHAM FAMILY COURT CLINIC

• FAMILY MEDIATION SERVICES• CLINICAL ASSESSMENT SERVICES• VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAM• GANG PREVENTION PROGRAM• COLLABORATIVE DAY TREATMENT • COMMUNITY SUPPORT TEAM• INTENSIVE SUPPORT AND SUPERVISION

PROGRAM

BARRIERS TO THE DELIVERY OF SERVICES

• LIMITED RESOURCES

• INEFFECTIVE PROGRAMS

• FRAGMENTATION OF SERVICES

• EXCESSIVE MORALIZING

SOURCES OF OPTIMISM

• ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN YOUTH

• ADVANCES IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT DOES AND DOES NOT WORK

• LARGE NUMBER OF COMMITTED PROFESSIONALS INVOLVED IN THE SYSTEM