Transport X

Portable Dissolved Gas Analysis

Operation Manual

Version 1.5

KELMAN LTD.

Lissue Industrial Estate East

Lisburn

Co. Antrim

N. Ireland

Tel : +44 (0)28 92622915

Fax : +44 (0)28 92622202

Email: transportx@kelman.co.uk

Website: www.kelman.co.uk

1

(EN) Notes

Mode of Operation of TRANSPORT X

If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

Disconnection from Power Supply

Disconnection from the supply is achieved through the power inlet connector.

To disconnect from the supply, turn off the device using the touch screen, then power off using the ON/OFF switch, then disconnect the supply cord.

Exhausted Gases

Gases exhausted by TRANSPORT X are at concentrations which are non flammable and non toxic. All exhausted gases are quickly diluted into surrounding atmosphere.

Battery Replacement and Disposal

The TRANSPORT X uses a lithium coin cell battery. The lithium coin cell battery is a long-life battery and may never need to be replaced. If battery replacement is necessary it should be performed by an authorized service technician.

CAUTION: There is a danger of a new battery exploding if it is incorrectly installed. Replace the

battery only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Do not dispose of the battery in a fire or with household waste. Contact your local waste disposal agency for the address of the nearest battery deposit site.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE Directive

In the European Union, this label indicates that this product should not be disposed of with household waste. It should be deposited at an appropriate facility to enable recovery and recycling. For information on how to recycle this product, please visit www.kelman.co.uk and follow the links for WEEE.

This product has been tested to the requirements of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1, second edition, including amendment 1, or a later version of the same standard incorporating the same level of testing requirements

Warnings There are no serviceable parts inside the equipment.

For continued fire protection, use only approved and recommended fuse.

Do not use equipment if power cord is visibly damaged or worn out or missing or damaged PE pin.

Use only safety approved power cord.

Do not operate TRANSPORT X (top cover open) in rain conditions.

Unit should be stored with lid closed when not in use to avoid accidental damage during transit

Equipment should not be left operating unsupervised.

2

(FR) Consignes de scurit

Mode de fonctionnement du TRANSPORT X

La garantie commerciale sera annule si la dfectuosit est cause par une utilisation non conforme, une ngligence ou une modification non autorise de lquipement

Mise hors tension de lappareil

La mise hors tension est ralis par le connecteur d'admission de puissance Pour dconnecter l'appareil, arrter le dispositif en utilisant l'cran tactile, puis mettre hors tension en utilisant le commutateur "MARCHE/ARRT", ensuite dbrancher le cordon d'alimentation de la prise secteur.

Gaz dchappement

Les gaz produits par le TRANSPORT X sont non inflammables et non toxiques. Tous les gaz dchappement sont rapidement dilus dans l'atmosphre environnante.

Remplacement et Recyclage de la batterie

Le TRANSPORT X utilise une batterie de cellules de pice de monnaie de lithium, qui est une batterie de longue vie et peut ne jamais devoir tre remplace. Si le remplacement de batterie est ncessaire il devra tre systmatiquement excut par un technicien autoris.

ATTENTION: Cet appareil prsente un risque d'explosion si la nouvelle batterie nest pas installe correctement. Remplacez la batterie uniquement par le model recommand par le fabricant.

Directive sur la collecte des Dchets des Equipements Electriques et Electroniques

Une directive europenne impose ses membres la collecte et le recyclage des batteries. Ne vous dbarrassez pas de la batterie use, celle ci doit tre ramene dans un point de collecte approprie et recycle. Contactez votre agence locale de recyclage pour connatre lemplacement le plus proche. Pour plus de prcision sur le recyclage de batterie, visitez le site Internet www.kelman.co.uk et suivez le lien WEEE. Ce produit a t test aux exigences de la CAN/CSA-C22.2 No 61010-1, deuxime dition, y compris l'amendement 1, ou une version ultrieure de la mme norme comportant le mme niveau d'exigences relatives aux essais

Consignes de scurit - Aucune pice l'intrieur de l'quipement nest rparable par lutilisateur. Contacter un technicien approuve

pour tous travaux de maintenance et de rparation - utiliser uniquement le model de fusible approuv par le constructeur - n'utiliser pas l'quipement si le cordon dalimentation de secteur ou la prise secteur est endommage - Utiliser uniquement le cordon dalimentation approuv par le constructeur - Ne pas utiliser TRANSPORT X (couvercle suprieur ouvert) par temps de pluie - Le matriel doit tre stock avec couvercle ferm afin dviter tout endommagement durant le transport - Le matriel ne doit pas tre laisser sans surveillance durant son fonctionnement

3

Section Page

1 Introduction 5

2 System Description 5

2.1 TRANSPORT X 5

2.2 Sample bottle and connectors 7

2.3 Accessories Kit 9

2.4 Thermal Printer 11

2.5 Specification 12

3 TRANSPORT X operation 13

3.1 Turning ON / OFF 15

3.2 Preventing Contamination 15

3.3 Unit operation 17

3.3.1 Starting New Measurement 17

3.3.2 Analysis Tools 23

3.3.3 Internal Error Checking 28

3.3.4 View Previous Results 30

3.3.5 Settings 31

4 Taking an Oil Sample 32

4.1 Sampling Procedure 33

5 Injecting Sample into TRANSPORT X 36

6 Cleaning Apparatus 40

7 Sampling and Analysis of Gases from Gas-Collecting 43

4

(Buchholz) relays

7.1 Introduction 43

7.2 Apparatus 43

7.3 Procedure 43

8 System Check (Allows the User to confirm the 47

TRANSPORT X is functioning correctly.)

5

1 Introduction

Accurate knowledge of the condition of oil filled equipment is of paramount

importance to electrical utilities. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) has been

essential in this area for many years, allowing faults to be detected in their early

stages, costly outages to be avoided and assets to be optimised.

The TRANSPORT X represents a new generation of test equipment for DGA in

equipment oil, allowing accurate, rapid, reliable results in the field. To ensure

optimum performance of the TRANSPORT X it is important that this manual be

read fully before using the equipment.

2 System Description

2.1 TRANSPORT X

The TRANSPORT X utilises new technology to achieve extremely high

performance standards and genuine portability, giving measurements of all the

fault gases plus moisture. The gases are extracted from the oil sample using a

highly stable proprietary dynamic headspace equilibrium method then measured

using infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy. The TRANSPORT X can also test

direct gas samples taken from transformer headspace or a Buchholz Relay. The

dynamic range of the measurements of the TRANSPORT X, along with the ability

to have no contamination between samples, means it is very suitable for testing

tap-changers and circuit breakers also.

The TRANSPORT X is contained within a rugged, impact resistant, carrying case.

Accessories for DGA tests of oil are contained within a separate lightweight case.

6

These include a sample bottle with connections and pipes and a syringe for

extracting a 50ml oil sample from the equipment and injecting it into the bottle.

See Section 2.2

The TRANSPORT X contains an embedded PC and touch screen. The

incorporated software contains instructions to guide the user through the operation

of the system and algorithms to assist the diagnosis of the equipment. The PC

has an internal database that can store over 16000 records. Communication with

external PCs is possible via USB connections, allowing databases to be imported

or downloaded.

A thermal printer is provided enabling the user to maintain hard copy records of all

samples tested on the instrument.

The power supply requirements are 115/230VAC, 50/60Hz. An optional extra is

available in the form of a cable and transformer to allow the instrument to be run

from a 12v power supply such as a cigar lighter.

System Check Kit is available to allow the user to check the operation of the

TRANSPORT X. See Section 8.

Optional extras are sampling of direct gas samples (see Section 7), and also for

the forced cooling of oil samples.

7

2.2 Sample Bottle and Connectors

The sample bottle provided includes a lid-assembly incorporating airtight

compression fittings and a temperature probe to be connected to the top panel of

the TRANSPORT X. These are simple snap-in connectors that are polarised so

that only one order of connection of the input and return is possible. Ensure these

connections are fully made when using the TRANSPORT X. The sample bottle is

coloured in order to filter out UV light that can cause degradation of the oil.

Figure 1. Sample Bottle and Lid-Assembly

It is recommended that the sample be analysed as soon as possible after

extraction, so that minimal degradation of the oil occurs. However, Kelman

Sample bottle

Airtight gas inlet and outlet fittings Airtight sample

injection valve

Temperature probe

In-line Teflon filters

8

provide a serial numbered, ground glass syringe with the TRANSPORT X

standard that can be used for reliable sample storage provided it is kept out of

direct sunlight and extremes of temperature.

It is essential that the bottle be kept upright and not be inverted while containing

oil. The oil should be disposed of suitably as soon as the sample has been tested

(see section 6).

The bottle should be cleaned thoroughly after each test with a clean cloth. It is

also recommended that the bottle be washed with new transformer oil or the next

oil to be sampled if possible (see section 6).

It is important also to ensure there is no residue of oil left in the oil injection port in

the lid assemble or the connections valve for the syringe, as this could cause

contamination of the next sample. For cleaning purposes it is recommended that

the user inject a sample of new, clean oil (or the oil that s next to be sampled) into

the bottle as normal. This should then be disposed of correctly and the

TRANSPORT X prepared as normal for the next sample. This will ensure that no

unwanted residue of oil remains from a previous sample.

Care should also be taken to prevent any contamination from the syringe (see

section 4 & 6).

A Teflon coated magnetic stirrer is provided and should be placed in the bottle

before the lid is screwed on during assembly of the pipe work. This magnet is

rotated within the bottle during the analysis procedure, and it is essential for the

correct operation of the TRANSPORT X. The magnetic stirrer should also be

9

cleaned after each test. The stirrer can be removed using the retriever stick

provided.

An in-line Teflon filter is fitted in both the return and inlet gas pipes. Luerlock

fittings are used to connect these filters and these fittings allow for quick

replacement of the filters at regular intervals or if oil should get into the pipe work

by accident. These filters are impervious to oil and function to protect the

instrument from aerosol and accidental spills. It is imperative that both these filters

are present at all times. If a spill occurs and oil makes its way into the gas analysis

chamber of the photo-acoustic module, the instrument will require a full service

and recalibration by the manufacturer.

It is recommended that the Teflon filters are changed after every 20 samples. If

any oil residue is present in the pipes, or these filters appear discoloured, then

they should be replaced before taking the next sample.

2.3 Accessories Kit

The TRANSPORT X comes complete with a full range of accessories and some

replacements. These include:1 x 50ml ground glass syringe

1 x Two-way plastic stopcock (for use with syringe)

1 x Bottle lid-assembly

1 x Magnet retriever

1 x Quick Connection Valve (for oil injection from the syringe)

2 x Teflon coated magnets

12 x Replacement Teflon filters

1 x 115/230v power cable

3 x sample bottles

10

All of the accessories are supplied in a light carry case, with protective foam

inserts. The figure overleaf identifies each of the Accessories in the carry case.

Figure 2. Accessories Kit

50 ml Syringe

Sample Bottles

Bottle Lid- Assembly

Teflon Filters

115/230v Power Cable

Quick Connection Valve

Magnet Retriever

Teflon Coated Magnets

2-Way Plastic Stopcock

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2.4 Thermal Printer

The TRANSPORT X is equipped with an inbuilt 2 thermal printer that can provide hard

copies of results on site. If the paper should need changed it is a very simple procedure

to do this. The paper holder is released by holding in the catch on the left hand side,

shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Thermal Printer with release catch on left hand side.

The new roll of paper can then be easily fitted into the holder and then fitted back into

place. The button on the top left corner allows the user to feed the paper through the

printer when fitting, and also to check the function of the printer.

Note: If the printouts from the thermal printer begin to show a red tint, it can be an

indication that it may need a new roll of paper soon.

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2.5 TRANSPORT X Specification

Fault Gas Calibrated Range (ppm) Hydrogen, H2 5 5,000 Carbon Dioxide, CO2 2 50,000 Carbon Monoxide, CO 1 - 50,000 Methane, CH4 1 - 50,000 Ethane, C2H6 1 50,000 Ethylene, C2H4 1 50,000 Acetylene, C2H2 0.5 50,000 Water, H2O 3ppm

Accuracy +/- 5% or +/- 2ppm (whichever is greater) Power Supply 115/230Vac, 50/60Hz; 40W Fuse F6.3AH250V 5x20mm Battery CR2032 3V Lithium Coin Cell Output Digital USB Output Hardcopy 2 thermal printer Temperature Range 5 - 40C Operating Altitude Max 2000m Operating Pressure 760 - 1040 millibar Weight: 11kg (excluding accessories case) Dimensions: 440mm X 340mm X 220mm IP Rating IP20

13

3.0 TRANSPORT X Operation

The TRANSPORT X has been designed to provide the user with a reliable device

that is easy to use in the field. The embedded PC and touch screen display step-

by-step instructions, and there is also an Instruction Card inserted in the lid of the

case. A syringe and valves are supplied for the oil extraction and injection.

Provided the easy steps are followed the TRANSPORT X will provide reliable

DGA results.

Notes: Please read carefully and observe the following instructions.

read and follow the on-screen instructions carefully.

use 50ml samples of oil.

use a clean syringe, lid-assembly and bottle (See section 3.2 and section 6)

DO NOT use solvents to clean any of the apparatus

one magnetic stirrer piece must be placed in the bottle for the sample to be

analysed correctly.

sample bottle must not be moved until the analysis is complete. If the bottle

is moved the results could be adversely affected.

sample bottle must be kept upright to avoid ingress of oil into the pipe-work

of the lid-assembly.

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ensure the pipes are connected correctly and securely, as per instructions.

when removed, the bottle lid-assembly should be held upright then cleaned

carefully with a cloth after use and before storage to avoid any ingress of oil

into the pipe-work (see Section 6 for details).

always empty the sample bottle after a test is completed. Also, clean the

apparatus after every test (see Section 6 for instructions).

The Purge time can be increased (max 10 mins) to help prevent carry-over

from a heavily gassed sample to the next sample.

once the TRANSPORT X is unpacked the user should run a System Flush

operation to help clear the gas paths from potential contamination from any

packing material. See Section 3.2

15

3.1 Turning ON / OFF

The instrument should be powered up approximately 10 minutes prior to the first

sample to allow it to heat up. Oil sampling can be performed in this time if desired.

The TRANSPORT X is mains supplied. To power ON connect the IEC cable to

mains and the unit, then use the red power switch at the top right of the front

panel. The touch screen will then display the TRANSPORT X software. See

Figure 1.

To turn the unit OFF press the Turn Off button on the Main Menu, shown in

Figure 1. The system will then advise when it is ready to be switched using the

red power switch. Similar to a PC, it is not recommended that the unit is turned

off directly from the power switch.

3.2 Preventing Contamination

The TRANSPORT X is designed to prevent contamination between samples. By

simple cleaning of the syringe, jar and lid-assembly this is easily achieved. Please

see section 6 for details.

For best results:

- the syringe should be thoroughly cleaned (see section 6).

- the bottle and stirrer should be cleaned with a cloth.

- the lid-assembly should be cleaned with air and clean oil (see section 6)

16

It is recommended that after unpacking the unit the user implements a System

Flush. This flushes ambient air through the TRANSPORT X for 20 minutes, and

will help clear any potential contamination from packing material. This function

can also be used to clear the TRANSPORT X if desired after concentrated

sampling.

To access this function from the Main Menu: Settings -> System -> Start

System Flush

3.3 TRANSPORT X Operation

The instructions displayed on the touch screen are used to control the operation of

the TRANSPORT X. Upon power-up, the screen shows the display Figure 4.

There are four options:

Start New Measurement: See Section 3.3.1

View Previous Results: See Section 3.3.3

Turn Off: Power down section 3.1

PC Sync: Communicating with PC software see manual

Settings: See Section 3.3.4

Fig.4. Main Menu

17

3.3.1 Start New Measurement

After selecting Start New Measurement the user must select the Equipment

Type from the options available highlight the desired option and press Next.

This is vital for the database and the diagnosis options for the sample.

The TRANSPORT X then will request that the information for the database is

entered. This information is vital, as it is the store and search criteria for all

records. If the equipment information already exists in the database from a

previous test, then the user can select this from the existing database list, see

Figure 5. The unit will use this information and store it in the new record with the

appropriate date stamp.

Fig.5. List records in the database

If, however, the information does not already exist in the database then the user

will have to enter it. For this the user selects Add New from Figure 5. This will

bring up the keypad on the screen, see Figure 6. The software will guide the user

18

through entering all the necessary details: Location, Equipment ID, Equipment,

Manufacturer and Sampling Point.

The user must then select Oil Sample or Gas Sample. The default is Oil Sample,

but if it is a direct gas sample, for example from the transformer headspace or the

Buchholz Relay, then the user should select Gas Sample. Press Next when the

correct option is highlighted.

The user has the option of adding the Oil Sampling Temperature, i.e. the

temperature of the oil at the time it was sampled. This is be used to calculate the

% Relative Saturation of the sample. If the temperature is not added then the

results will not include a %RS figure.

The user also has option to add to a Comments field for the sample data. This

can be used to record additional information for a particular sample or equipment.

Fig. 6 The addition of Comments and sample Temperature

Once all the necessary information has been entered, the user checks all the

information before continuing.

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Fig.7. Keypad for entering information. Fig.8. Details confirmation.

After all the sample information has been selected or entered, the software guides

the user through the testing process.

It is strongly recommended that a clean dry bottle be used for each test.

Figure 9 shows the initial instruction screen.

Fig.9. The first instruction screen.

20

The unit prepares for the oil sample by purging with ambient air, and then

automatically taking a zero reference measurement. The user selects the purge

time between 2 and 10 minutes. The default is 2 minutes, but longer purges can

help prevent contamination from previous samples which are very heavily gassed,

for example from Tap Changers.

The TRANSPORT X is now ready for the oil sample to be injected.

See Section 5 for details on sample injection.

Fig.12 Instruction screen for the sample injection

Fig.10. Progress of purging process

Fig.11. Progress of zero reference process

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Once the sample has been injected the temperature of the oil is measured. This is

to avoid condensation in the internal pipe-work of the system. Therefore it is

recommended that hot oil not be tested, and that it has time to cool. The

temperature measurement takes 90 seconds.

NOTE: If the oil temperature is higher than the internal cell temperature, then the

sample does not continue. The screen will display this temperature difference and

its countdown. Do not remove the bottle from the holder during this time. When

the temperature difference figure reaches 0.0C the unit will automatically start the

magnetic stirrer. If the bottle is not in place at this time, the stirrer will not operate,

meaning the results will not be correct.

After the temperature measurement is complete the unit begins the process of

measuring the dissolved gases in the oil sample. This takes 18 minutes in total.

Do not touch or remove the bottle during this measurement process.

Figure 13 & 14. Measure the DGA in the sample.

22

When the measurement procedure is complete, the results are shown on the

touch screen, as illustrated in Figure 15.

Fig.15 Results displayed on screen

Pressing Next will provide the options window shown in Figure 16. The user can

then select Print to get a hardcopy from the in-built thermal printer, or select

Advanced in order to use the embedded DGA diagnostic tools to help in analyzing

the result. See Section 3.3.6.

NOTE: Press Finish to store results in the database memory.

Pressing Cancel will abort the result.

Fig.16

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3.3.2 Analysis Tools

Note: These tools are not the opinion of Kelman, rather based upon thresholds

set by the user and also on established standards and algorithms.

By selecting Advanced as described above, the operator can use the

incorporated software tools to aid in the analysis of DGA results. However, at this

stage this option is only available to Transformer samples. Therefore if the user

has entered Tap Changer, Circuit Breaker or Other as the Equipment Type

then the analysis tools do not apply. As the analysis of DGA results of Tap

Changers and Circuit Breakers develops Kelman plans to incorporate this into the

analysis tools for the TRANSPORT X.

Caution and Warning Thresholds

The first diagnostic tool is based upon gas level thresholds settable by the user.

Default levels are initially programmed into the Transport X based upon the

program TOA 3 from Delta X Research. Each gas level has preset levels for both

Caution and Warning levels. If the value of any gas is over their Caution or

Warning level then it will be highlighted in yellow (if above Caution level) or red (if

above Warning level). See Figure 17. A Transformer Condition, Normal,

Caution or Warning, is then given based upon these alarm levels.

24

Figure 17. DGA result with Caution and Warning levels.

The operator can examine the current threshold settings by selecting View Limits.

These limits can also be changed by the operator via the Settings option in the

Main Menu, as follows: Settings -> Gas Limits then highlight each gas in turn

and set the Caution and Warning levels by the arrow keys shown, see Figure 18.

The Default button resets the default settings.

Figure 18. User settable Individual Gas Thresholds

25

Analysis Algorithms

The operator can select the Diagnosis option shown in Figure 18 to give access

to Rogers Ratios, Key Gas method and Duvals Triangle analysis tools.

Figure 18. Analysis Algorithms Options

Note: These algorithms are based on established algorithms and are designed to

aid in the diagnosis of transformer faults, not in the detection of transformer faults.

If the gas levels are very low and the transformer does not appear to have a fault,

then these algorithms can give misleading results and should not be applied. The

user settable thresholds are very useful for this purpose. This is explained fully in

the standards and references stated above. For example, Duvals Triangle will

always provide a fault code, even if there is no fault in the transformer, so should

only be used if a fault is already suspected.

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Key Gas Method IEEE C57.104-1991

This technique allows visual comparison of the result to 4 typical fault results and

examine which one matched most closely, with the TRANSPORT X result, which

is shown in a blue bar graph. The user can then scroll through the 4 typical

options using the arrow keys, and they are shown in pink alongside the

TRANSPORT X result. The user can select the option most like his result, or else

select None if there is nothing applicable. See Figure 16.

Figure 19. Key Gas Method, showing Overheated Cellulose selected by the

Operator

Rogers Ratios IEEE C57.104-1991

This method is based upon established ratios and uses these to determine the

type of fault. See Figure 17.

27

Figure 20. Rogers Ratios with Fault Code.

Note: If the gas levels are low the Rogers Ratios window will show a warning that

gas levels may be too low for this algorithm. See Figure 20. The fault code will

still be displayed, but caution should be used when applying this.

Duvals Triangle TechCon 2004 Michel Duval

The method uses a triangle to plot the intersecting point of the gas values. Where

this point falls indicates the type of fault the transformer may have.

Figure 21. Duvals Triangle

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3.3.3 Internal Error Checking

TRANSPORT X includes the function of monitoring the internal operation of the

system and also checking the validity of oil samples. If an anomaly is detected

then this will be reported to the user at the end of the sample measurement

process. In addition any result which invokes an error code will be visible in the

database list, as shown in Fig 22.

Fig. 22. Database list showing 2 results with error codes

Error codes are divided into two main types hardware and sample. The

Hardware type describes an issue with the TRANSPORT X unit, whereas the

Sample type describes issues with the sample being measured.

Figure 23 give an example of each type of error code.

For a Hardware code that is categorised as a Warning (highlighted in Red) the

user is prompted to contact Kelman Customer Support immediately as it has

detected a malfunction with the TRANSPORT X unit.

29

A Hardware code that is a Caution (highlighted in Yellow) prompts the user to take

certain action, such as change the in-line filters. If this code persists the user

should contact Kelman Customer Support.

Fig. 23. Examples of error codes

A Sample code that is a Warning (highlighted in Orange) indicates that the

TRANSPORT X had detected a serious problem with the sample. This would

mainly be caused by interference in the sample from a solvent or SF6 and the

results from this sample cannot be relied upon.

A Sample code that is a Caution (highlighted in White) tells the user that there is

an issue with the sample, but the results are still valid, but may have a larger

margin for error. These may be caused by high target gas in the ambient (the user

can potentially take the TRANSPORT X unit to another location for further testing).

If any of these error codes persist, or there are any further questions please

contact Kelman Customer Support.

30

3.3.4 Viewing Previous Results

This option allows the user to examine results stored in the database. By

selecting View Previous Results from the Main Menu (Figure 4) the options for

searching the database are given. See Figure 24. The database is organised

based upon information entered by the user when doing the DGA tests. If the user

selects the desired search criteria and presses Next the database is displayed. If

Location is used for example, all the various locations in the database are listed.

Using the scroll buttons the operator can select the desired location and press

Next and all the records for this location will be listed. The appropriate record can

easily be found using the arrow keys and by pressing View Record the result will

be displayed as previously shown in Figure 15. The results can be printed and

analysed as described in the previous sections.

Fig.24. Search database options

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3.3.5 Settings

The Settings option from the Main Menu brings up the screen shown below.

Figure 25. Settings Options

Date & Time Set the date and time as required.

Touchscreen Adjust the sensitivity of the touchscreen. It is not

recommended to change the default setting.

Language Select the desired language from available list.

Gas Limits Set the gas thresholds for the diagnostic tools see section

3.3.2

Normalization Set the temperature normalization; default is 20C.

System System Flush option see section 3.2

System Check option see section 8

32

4 Taking an Oil Sample

This sampling procedure has been adapted from International standard IEC 567

for the sampling of oil from oil-filled electrical equipment for the analysis of

dissolved gas.

Correct sampling of the insulating oil is essential to ensure that a representative

sample is obtained that will give an accurate snapshot of the overall condition of

the oil within the equipment.

A Dissolved Gas Analysis is only as good as the sample taken.

The method described below ensures that a secure sample is obtained and is

ready for injection into the TRANSPORT X without further risk of contamination,

post sampling.

The method is described with the aid of reference to diagrams - Figures a to h.

The technique assumes that there is an available fitting on the equipment being

tested that will allow connection of a 2-way lure lock valve directly to the

equipment (see valve B, Figure a), either in-line in a sampling pipe, or as a fitting

that can be connected directly to the sampling point. Many different configurations

are possible but the requirement is the same for all.

The sample container consists of a 50ml ground glass syringe to which is

connected a two-way plastic stopcock. Although this stopcock is removable from

the syringe, for the purpose of this sampling description, it should be considered

as part of the syringe / sample container assembly.

33

4.1 Sampling Procedure

Connect syringe to lure lock valve (B) on equipment sampling point (Figure

a). Turn valve B to allow oil to flow out to waste. Let approximately 1 litre of

oil flow to a waste container.

Turn valve B and gently draw oil fully into the syringe (Figure b). At this

stage bubbles of air from the dead volume in the valves will be drawn into

the syringe and some of the gas present will be dissolved into the oil. Also

some of the gas in the oil will escape into these bubbles. This oil and gas

must be rejected as unrepresentative of the oil in the transformer.

Turn valve B and allow oil to flow out of this valve to a waste container

(Figure c). The amount of oil run off at this point will depend upon the size

of the equipment being tested but could vary between 1 and 4 litres. At the

same time disconnect the syringe from valve B and, holding it upright, expel

all of the bubbles and almost all of the oil from the syringe (Figure d).

Turn valve A when most of the oil has been expelled, leaving approximately

2ml of oil remaining in the syringe (Figure e).

Connect the syringe back onto valve B. Turn valve B and allow a small

volume of oil to flow out through the open arm of valve A (Figure f).

Turn valve A and gently draw 50ml of oil into the syringe (Figure g). Flush

this oil out of the syringe into the waste container (this is important to

ensure no contamination from the previous oil in the syringe).

Repeat the above step 3 - 5 times.

Redraw 50ml of oil gently into the syringe.

Turn valve B to stop further oil from escaping from transformer.

Turn valve A and disconnect from valve B.

You now have a representative sample of oil from the equipment ready for

injection into the TRANSPORT X.

34

Figure d

Figure e

Oil Pipe /

Sampling

point

Oil Pipe /

Sampling

point

Oil Pipe /

Sampling

point

Figure a

Figure b

Figure c

Valve A Valve B

Equipment Oil Sampling Methodology

35

Figure f

Figure g

Figure h

Oil Pipe /

Sampling

point

Oil Pipe /

Sampling

point

Oil Pipe /

Sampling

point

Valve A Valve B

36

5 Injecting Sample into TRANSPORT X

Having obtained a representative oil sample, it is very important that it is handled

correctly in order to ensure reliable results. Problems with sampling, storing or

injecting the oil sample can all affect eventual results.

If a sample is not tested directly after being taken, then it is recommended

that it is stored in a dark, cool place to avoid degradation of the oil during

storage due to sunlight and heat. Photo-degradation of a sample can cause

erroneous results.

If plastic syringes are used for sampling, it is important that the sampled oil

be tested as soon as possible and they should not be used for storage. It is

recommended that oil in plastic syringes should be tested within one hour of

sampling otherwise gas can be lost from the oil sample.

Accurately label the sample for future reference.

The following procedure should be followed for injection of the oil:

1 Inspect the oil sample to ensure there are no large bubbles present. If there

are bubbles present inspect the three-way stopcock on the end of the syringe

to ensure it has not worked loose or that the valve is orientated correctly. If a

problem is found the equipment should be sampled again. If the valve is

secure and closed correctly then the plunger should be put under a slight

positive pressure and shaken vigorously until the bubble dissolves back into

the oil.

Note: If the oil being sampled is hot and the plunger is slightly tight in the

barrel of the syringe, it is possible for the oil to cool and contract, forming a

partial vacuum which will then draw gas from the sample into it and form a

bubble. Shaking with a slight positive pressure on the syringe will dissolve

this gas back into the oil and the sample will be okay for analysis.

37

2 Once the sample is confirmed to be okay the male quick connect fitting

should be attached to the three way stopcock. See Fig. 25. Ensure this

fitting is free from oil (see section 6).

Fig. 25 Male section of quick-release valve connected to syringe.

3 Connect the syringe to the bottle. The outer sleeve of the female fitting on

the lid-assembly should be held between thumb and forefinger and pulled

downwards as far as it will go. See Fig. 26. Insert the syringe with the

male quick connect fitting firmly into the female connector, until a slight

click is heard. Release the outer sleeve of the female connector.

38

Fig. 26 Outer sleeve of the female connector

4 Turn the three-way valve 90o to open the channel from the syringe to the

bottle and close the side arm of the valve.

Fig. 27 Stopcock valve

Note: If the side arm of the valve is not closed the oil will escape, ruining

the sample (and creating a mess).

39

Slowly depress the plunger of the syringe fully.

When the syringe is fully depressed maintain gentle downward pressure

on the plunger, wait 3-4 seconds and disconnect the syringe at the quick

release valve. To do this, pull down the sleeve of the female section and

lift the syringe, 3-way valve and male quick connect assembly up from the

female section.

Note1: Do not turn the three-way valve to disconnect. By not turning the

three-way valve, gas is prevented from escaping through the side arm and

also the syringe will not drip oil when syringe is being removed.

Note2: Be careful not to separate the male quick release section from the

valve/syringe until the syringe is disconnected from the bottle at the quick

release valve as that would provide an open channel for the gases to

escape to atmosphere.

5 Follow on-screen instructions to complete analysis.

See Section 3.

40

6 Cleaning Apparatus

It is important that the correct clean-out procedure is used to avoid any contamination

from one sample to the next. Also, thorough clean out is important for maintenance of

the correct volumetric ratio, which calls for 50 ml of oil. A small amount of residual oil

left in the sample container or injection pipe-work may have an impact on the results

from the TRANSPORT X for the next sample. Cleaning also helps to keep the unit

and its accessory case in good condition.

Note: DO NOT use any solvents to clean any part of the TRANSPORT X or its

accessories as this can seriously affect results.

If cleaning of the sample bottle and syringe is deemed necessary then warm

soapy water can be used. However the user needs to ensure that the

apparatus is fully rinsed and dried before using again.

Cleaning the Syringe, Valves and Lid-assembly

The syringe, male quick connect valve and the oil injection tube in the lid-assembly

should be cleaned out after oil injection. This can be done with air, some clean oil or

a sample of the oil that is to be tested next. How this is done and The sequence in

which it is done can often depend on the circumstances of the testing at that time.

The best method is with a combination of air and new / next oil.

This entails

i) clearing the syringe, valve and lid-assembly injection tube with air

ii) rinsing the syringe numerous times with new oil

iii) injecting a syringe full of new oil into the bottle via the lid-assembly

iv) cleaning bottle and lid-assembly with clean cloth (see below instructions on

how to do this).

By following these best-practices the TRANSPORT X is able to easily clear the affects

of heavily gassed samples for the next test.

41

Syringe

It is imperative that the syringe is kept clean in order to prevent cross-contamination of

results.

ensure quick release valve is connected to syringe

turn 3-way valve to take air into syringe through side arm of valve

pull in air to the syringe through side arm of valve

hold syringe with the quick release valve pointing vertically down

turn 3-way valve to close the side arm

push air through syringe and valves, flushing out any oil residue

repeat 4 - 5 times

The syringe should also be rinsed out with oil 3 -5 times when drawing a sample to

ensure there is no contamination in the new sample (see section 4)

Note 1: Use a cloth or waste container to expel excess oil into.

Note 2: It is also recommended that the user thoroughly cleans the syringe after each

sample. This is done by removing the plunger from the barrel. The plunger and

barrel are both then cleaned with a clean, lint-free cloth.

Note 3: Ensure no oil residue remains in the quick release connect adaptor. Use the

technique of vigorously flushing air through the connector with the syringe, as

described above.

Bottle and Lid Assembly

After the TRANSPORT X has completed its analysis the oil sample should be

disposed of properly and the bottle and lid assembly cleaned as described below:

Disconnect the pipe work from the top panel of the TRANSPORT X.

42

Unscrew the lid assembly from the sample bottle, holding the assembly upright

to avoid any oil ingress into the tubes.

Clean the lid assembly underside and pipes with a clean cloth.

Connect the syringe to the lid assembly with the male quick connect valve.

Using the same procedure as above, connect the syringe to the opened lid-

assembly and expel any oil residue from the oil injection tube by flushing

through with air 4 -5 times.

Give the bottle a thorough clean with an oil absorbent rag or clean cloth.

For best results (for example if the user is concerned about potential carry-over from a

heavily gassed sample) the user should flush the bottle and lid-assembly with new oil.

To do this the user should:

i) screw the lid-assembly into the bottle (which has been cleaned with a clean

cloth);

ii) place it the bottle holder of the TRANSPORT X top panel;

iii) inject a syringe full of new oil into the bottle via the lid-assembly, as normal;

iv) disposed of the oil as normal;

v) clean the bottle and lid-assembly cleaned as normal with a clean cloth.

This ensures there is not oil residue from previous samples in the injection tune or

connection valves of the system. This is particularly important after testing a highly

gassed sample, for example from a tap changer.

43

7 Sampling and Analysis of Gases from Gas-Collecting

(Buchholz) relays

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Gas samples from relays should be taken from the equipment with minimum

delays after gas accumulation has been signalled. Changes in composition

caused by the selective re-absorption of components may occur if free gases are

left in contact with the oil. Gas samples should be properly labelled and

analysed without undue delay to minimise gas loss, specifically hydrogen.

7.2 APPARATUS

- 5ml Gas Tight Syringe with luer lock termination and integrated valve.

- Length of 3.17mm (1/8) ID gas impermeable plastic tube

- 3-way plastic stopcock with luer termination male-male-female.

7.3 PROCEDURE

7.3.1 Gas Sampling

See Figure 17 below.

1. Connect the 3 way stopcock (4) to the syringe (1) and to the plastic tubing

(3).

2. Ensure integrated valve (2) on syringe is in the open position (position A)

3. Set stopcock (4) position to Y. Use the syringe to draw some waste oil

into the tubing so that it is full of oil.

4. Holding tube upright to prevent oil from spilling out, connect the other end

of the plastic tubing to the gas-collecting relay (5). This should be

connected at a point on the gas collecting relay with a suitable valve.

44

5. Open the gas relay valve (5) and carefully turn stopcock (4) to position X

so gas from the gas collecting relay can flush oil and air from valve, tubing

and stopcock.

6. When gas reaches the stopcock (4) turn it to position Y to allow gas from

the gas relay to fill the syringe (1) by the hydrostatic pressure in the relay,

taking care that gas pressure does not eject the plunger completely.

7. Turn the stopcock (4) to position Z and expel gas from the syringe through

the exhaust port of stopcock by pushing plunger home.

8. Turn the stopcock (4) to position Y and fill syringe to the 5ml mark

9. Close the valve of the gas collecting relay (5).

10. Close the integrated valve (2) on the syringe (move to position B)

11. Remove the plastic tubing from the relay valve (5) and stopcock (4)

12. Remove the plastic stopcock from the syringe.

13. Analyze sample as soon as possible after collection and shade from light

in the interim. This will avoid excess gas loss, and also preserve the

integrity of the sample taken.

45

Figure 1 Sampling of gas by syringe

1

2

3 5

6

6 4

6

7

6

Position of

Stopcock

4

X

Y

Position of

Integrated

syringe

valve

2

A

B

1: 5ml Syringe

2: Syringe Integrated valve

3: Gas impermeable tubing

4: Three way stopcock

5: Relay sampling valve

6: Gas collecting relay

7: Waste vessel

Z

OFF

OF

F

OF

F

46

7.3.2 Gas Injection and Analysis

1. Select Start New Measurement from the Main Menu and follow the on

screen instructions as normal to enter all the data for your sample. For

example when prompted to enter the Sampling Point of your sample, you

could enter Buchholz relay. Ensure to select Gas Sample when

prompted by the on-screen menu to chose Sample Type

2. Install bottle and lid-assembly as normal (there is no need for the

magnetic stirrer piece).

3. When prompted on-screen to inject gas sample, connect syringe to

sample bottle via quick connect fitting (similar to injecting an oil sample).

4. Open the integrated valve on syringe and depress plunger fully.

5. Leaving syringe and valve in the same position, draw the plunger back to

the 5ml mark (be careful not to remove it completely) and depress again.

Repeat this procedure approximately 5 times in quick succession to rinse

the entire sample into the sample bottle of the TRANSPORT X. End with

the plunger in the fully depressed position.

6. Pulling down on the outer sleeve of the quick connect fitting, disconnect

syringe and quick connect from sample bottle, similar to disconnecting

syringe when testing an oil sample

7. Press Next to continue and wait for results to de displayed on screen.

8. As normal, the results can be printed from the incorporated thermal

printer, and should be stored in memory by pressing Finish.

47

8 System Check

Allows the User to confirm the TRANSPORT X is functioning

correctly.

Due to the inherent stability of the TRANSPORT X, routine calibration of the

instrument is not necessary. Recalibration is only necessary in the event of a

serious fault occurring within the instrument or due to misuse of the instrument.

Under these circumstances this re-calibration must be performed by the

manufacturer.

It is recommended that the user periodically assesses the operation of the

TRANSPORT X using the System Check Kit apparatus.

This kit consists of a cylinder of gas containing all the DGA target gases at

known concentrations, together with a length of Nafion tubing, used to connect

the gas cylinder to the inlet connector on the top panel of the TRANSPORT X.

This procedure can be performed as often as wished but should be undertaken

nominally every three months.

Procedure

1. Power up the unit.

2. Follow the options from the Main Menu -> Settings -> System -> Start

System Check. Follow on screen instructions.

Note: do not put the oil sample bottle into its holder and do not connect

the bottle lid assembly to the top panel.

48

3. Connect the Nafion tubing to the cylinder fine control valve by pushing

the flexible black viton tubing over the barb connector in the cylinder mini

flow control valve outlet. See Figure 18.

4. Connect the other end of the Nafion tubing, which is fitted with a male

quick release connector, to the top panel female quick connector as

shown in Figure 19 below.

5. Carefully open gas flow from cylinder by turning the knob on the Mini Flow

Controller slowly in an anticlockwise direction.

6. Set flow to 500ml/min, approximately half of maximum flow, by turning

Mini Flow controller knob until the small metal ball in the flow channel is

level with the 2nd graduation in the clear plastic flow cell attached to the

flow controller: See Picture 1.

Figure 28. Details of Viton tubing connection to Mini-Flow Controller and flow indicator setting

Tee

Junction

Mini

Flow

Control

Knob

Barb Connector

Viton tubing incorporating

open Tee junction fitting.

Flow Rate Ball set to 2nd

graduation on flow

indicator = 500ml/min

49

Note: The regulator can be sensitive so careful attention is required when setting

the flow rate.

7. Press Next to Continue, and follow the simple on-screen instructions

8. When the test has been completed the TRANSPORT X will return either a

Pass or Fail report.

9. If a PASS is returned it can be considered to be a successful System

Check.

The user should turn off the gas flow and disassemble the Nafion

tubing form the TRANSPORT X top panel and also from the cylinder.

10. In the event of a fail the user should re-do the test.

Figure .19. This shows the cylinder of gas mixture connected to the TRANSPORT X via a 24" length of Nafion tubing.

24 long Nafion Tube

Quick release connector

termination of nafion

tube connected directly

into top panel of

Transport X

Flow Rate Ball set to 2nd

graduation on flow

indicator = 500ml/min

Mini Flow Controller

with Nafion attached

via Tee junction

Cylinder containing 100ppm each of Hydrogen,

Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Ethane,

Ethylene, Acetylene, Methane in Nitrogen

50

11. Before re-doing the test ensure that there is no obstruction in the Nafion

tube assembly : This can be checked as follows :

Connect the Viton end of the Nafion tube to the barb connector of

the Mini Flow Controller on the cylinder.

Block the side arm of the Tee junction in the Nafion tube.

Using the Mini Flow Controller set the flow to 500ml/min .

Place an obstruction momentarily over the open end of the Nafion

tube and note the effect this has on the flow rate.

If the flow rate drops this indicated that there is still an open

channel in the Nafion tube .

The user should also ensure the flow remains steady at 500ml/min or

more throughout the test by observing the position of the flow indicator

ball throughout this 2nd test.

12. If a second fail occurs the user should re-do the test one more time and

report all the results to Kelman.

After studying the results Kelman may report a faulty unit and request return

or may make other suggestions for confirming functionality of the

TRANSPORT X by the user.

Notes 1. The cylinder of Gas Mixture is non flammable and non toxic. It should however only be

used in a well ventilated area by trained personnel. 2. When empty the cylinder can be disposed of by recycling or as normal domestic or

industrial trash. 3. The cylinder is pressurized\ed to 300psi at 20

oC when full and contains 20 L of gas.

4. Each test consumes at least1L of gas and so a full cylinder should be good for up to 20 system checks.

5. The gas mixture in the cylinder has a shelf life of 2 years from the date of manufacture - marked on the bottom on the cylinder.