translated by: heba zakaryia ismail supervised by: dr...
TRANSCRIPT
The Islamic University of Gaza
Community Service & Continuing
Education Deanship
Community Development Institute
غزة -الجامعة اإلسالمية
المستمر عمادة خدمة المجتمع و التعليم
معهد التنمية المجتمعية
Translation of: Iron wall at Gaza Strip's Borders Foundational
Juristic Study الجـدار الفوالذي على حدود قطاع غزة،دراسة: شرعية تأصيلية
A complementary Requirement for Graduation at High Professional
Diploma in Translation
Translated by: Heba Zakaryia Ismail
Supervised by: Dr. Mohammed Mosheer Amer Assistant Prof. English Dep. Islamic University
July 2013
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Contents Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Brief background: .................................................................................................................................... 3
Justification: ............................................................................................................................................. 4
Methodology: ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Expected Beneficiary Audience: .............................................................................................................. 6
Challenges: ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Some Translation Problems with Reference to the Text: ....................................................................... 10
Findings: ................................................................................................................................................ 12
Useful Terminology: .............................................................................................................................. 13
Translation references: ........................................................................................................................... 14
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Abstract:
This translation project tackles an academic research by Dr. Maher El Houli- Associate
Professor in Jurisprudence and its Foundations and Dean of Faculty of Islamic Sharia and
Law- entitled " Iron wall at Gaza Strip's Borders: Foundational Juristic study". In 2009, the
ousted Egyptian president Mubarak gave the orders to establish an iron wall on the Egyptian
borders with Gaza strip. The justification of this step was to stop smuggling through tunnels
from Egypt to Gaza strip; a step that has led to raising controversy not only in Egypt and the
Arab world but in the whole Islamic world. Being a Gazan Muslim scholar, the researcher has
to deal with this up-to-date issue on the Gazan scene but from a fundamental Sharia
perspective and clarify the opinion of Sharia with reference to the other respects. The
direction of translation is from Arabic to English as the text is originally written in Arabic.
Furthermore, the fabric of this text is an amalgam of religious and academic styles; mixing
verses of the holy Quran and the prophetic traditions with the facts, and figures on the ground.
In such variation in style and content, the translator, hence, has to vary in the style of writing
and the used method of translation in order to fit the context. Ensuring a professional
translation, the translation has gone through an accurate process that includes the phases of
data selection, literature review, building stock terms, draft translation and finally supervisor's
feedback. The translator, additionally, has encountered some problems due to the differences
between the Source Language and the Target Language. In this proposal, some of these
problems are going to be presented with reference to the text and how the translator handles
them.
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Brief background:
At the end of 2009, the toppled Egyptian regime has constructed a massive iron wall along its
border with the Gaza Strip, in a bid to shut down smuggling tunnels into the territory.
According to Haaretz, a well-known Israeli newspaper and the first to tackle this issue, the
wall is nine to 10 kilometers long, and goes 20 to 30 meters into the ground, which is
impossible to cut or melt. This move was justified by Egypt to step up its counter-smuggling
efforts (Issacharoff 2009). This has led to the eruption of people's anger in Palestine and
Egypt and both the Arab and Islamic worlds. Many political leaders, Muslim scholars and
think tanks condemned this step as it tightens the suffocating siege on Gaza strip and leads to
the deterioration of the human crisis there. To exemplify, Hassan Khreisheh, an independent
nationalist in the West Bank who is deputy speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council,
described the project as "a shame for the Egyptians" (Lynfield 2009).
On the other hand, the United States supported this procedure and Israel presented by Mark
Regev, a spokesman for Israeli PM, welcomed this. The former in an interview with the
Independent, an English leading newspaper, states “I cannot confirm what the Egyptians are
doing and not doing. But I can say over the last two months the Egyptians have been
enhancing their anti-smuggling efforts. We welcome that"(Lynfield 2009).
And while the circle of feeble condemnation was revolving, a million and a half Gazans were
living in a big prison with a heavy legacy of wreckage, victims and casualties of the Israeli
Operation Cast Lead. They were lacking the basic commodities and medical supplies in
addition to the current power cut and shortage of fuel. The toppled Egyptian regime of
Mubarak, instead of giving hand and aiding the devastated Gazans, added insult to injury by
tightening the siege via the construction the iron wall and making people’s misery unbearable.
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Justification:
Dr. El Houli , in this work, portraits the suffering of Gazans as a result of the siege and
the construction of the iron wall during Mubarak’s regime from various aspects i.e.
legal, commercial, humanitarian, psychological and environmental aspects.
The iron wall issue caused a dispute among Sharia scholars around the Arab and
Islamic world. To illustrate, some scholars -who were considered to be the regime
trumpeters-said it’s legal because it aims at defending Egyptian national security. On
the other hand, others considered it as a crime against the besieged population of Gaza
already suffering the Israeli siege. Through this academic and juristic research, Dr. El
Houli tries to refute the allegations of the first group by providing evidence from both
Islamic law (Sharia) and international conventions.
This study provides an academic documentation for the suffering of Gazans in the
period (2009-2011) before the outbreak of the Arab Spring and during the reign of the
ousted president Mubarak. It sheds light on some brutal and unjustified procedures
practiced on Gaza strip that led to the aggravation of life there and the involvement of
some regional and international powers in this conspiracy.
Supported with sound legal and logical evidence, this research is considered to be a
reference for academic researchers in the field of Islamic law. To illustrate, it provides
a basis for Sharia scholars that can be used in judging any prospective similar steps
e.g. the proposal of constructing a separation wall on the borders between Saudi
Arabia and Yemen.
According to the demographic study by the Pew Research Center report of The Future
of the Global Muslim Population, as of 27 January 2011, the number of Muslim
population around the world is 1,619,314,000.Arab speaking people represent only
%15 of Muslims and they are mainly centered in the Middle East and North Africa.
Furthermore, the number of Organization of Islamic Cooperation members is 57 while
the number of Arab League members is 22. Putting into consideration the above
mentioned statistics and the fact that this text is originally written in Arabic, this
means that the target group is going to be only Arabic speaking Muslims. This means
that other interested Muslims are going to be deprived from reading this important
document and accordingly miss the chance to know the legal and humanitarian
situation in Gaza strip. The translation of this academic work into English, which is
the first language in the world, helps in raising awareness among Muslim audiences
about the humanitarian and legal conditions of Gaza in past and present, and
accordingly urges them to take action.
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Methodology :
Due to the religious spirit of the text, the translator follows the style of bound-free
translation. To illustrate, the translation is derived from the original and even if it has gone
very far beyond the context it’s still bound to the linguistic context (Ghazala:2003), a
practical approach of translation and considers the whole subject in terms of items
with discussion and examples. The original text is written in very formal Arabic, so the
direction of translation has been from Arabic to English .The translation work was
accomplished using the following methodology listed in the following steps :
1. Data Selection :
The needed material for translation, an academic research paper written by Dr. Maher El
Houli- Associate Professor in Jurisprudence and its Foundations and Dean of Faculty of
Islamic Sharia and Law at the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) - titled " Iron wall at
Gaza Strip's Borders: Foundational Juristic Research" .It was selected as my translation
project as it tackles a critical era in the life of people in the Gaza Strip from a legal and
humanitarian perspective.
2. Literature Review:
This step included reviewing relevant literature to this project. Part of literature was to
get acquainted to the subject matter of related topics. The starting point was reading
articles, reports and papers related to the iron wall in both languages English and Arabic.
Second, because the text is rich in religious verses, Hadiths and terminology, the translator
endeavored to get acquainted with all available reliable resources covering this area in
English. Regarding the verses of the holy Quran, the interpretation of the meanings of
Quran by Yusuf Ali was approved as the main reference (Dar Al-Manar- Cairo). As for
the prophetic tradition, the translator relies on a set of references, basically on the
translation of the Forty Hadith An-Nawawis (Ezzeddin Ibrahim and Denys Johnson-
Davis: 1982) published under the sponsorship and supervision of Organization of Islamic
Cooperation Finally, the translator read the Sharia glossaries and references thoroughly
and created a list of common terminology and captured a lot of the rights and legal terms
from their original sources on the internet... etc. Full list of documents are listed in the
References section.
3. Building list of Terminology :
Through the literature review, the translator was able to build the project Glossary
items that were used across the project. After rigorous research in printed and electronic
references, this vital step was carried out in order to establish an agreed upon list of terms .
4. Translation process:
The translator followed the bound free style in dealing with the text. This step includes
reading thoroughly the Arabic source text, getting the message of the text and finally
reproducing of the meaning by using the closest utterances in the target language
(English) with reference to a wide collection of reliable resources and the agreed upon list
of Terminology. After that, the translator composed the project proposal including table of
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content, abstract, brief background, methodology, justification, expected beneficiary
audience, challenges and references.
5. Writing the project proposal:
After finishing the translation and the first draft, the translator worked relentlessly
on writing the proposal through the following steps:
Reading project samples which were so helpful for the translator such as
“Am I not a Human?” by Mahmoud Abu Jalambo and Mohammed
Shaaban (2009) and “Arabs in the Israeli Curriculums” by Mohammed
Suleiman and Islam Abdul Aziz (2011);
Citing the translation references, especially the electronic ones;
Working on the theoretical part of the proposal with reference to translation
books such as Translation as Problems and Solutions by Hassan Ghazala;
Collecting the proposal statistics and data via a range of internet resources,
basically Wikipedia;
Revising the proposal before handing it in to the supervisor.
6. Supervisor’s Feedback:
The project supervisor, Mr. Musher Amer, kindly reviewed the work and gave his
valuable corrections and feedback. After that, the researcher made the needed
modifications and turned over the final draft for final evaluation.
7. Final Draft:
An external supervisor receives the final draft and evaluates the project.
Expected Beneficiary Audience:
The Sharia scholars concerned about Sharia stance regarding some controversial
contemporary issues like the construction of the iron wall in non-speaking Arab
countries around the world;
Those interested in shedding the light on the siege of Gaza Strip and the Iron Wall as a
severe crime against humanity according to the International Law such as legal
specialists and human rights’ activists;
The Muslim and international community and pro-Palestinian activists around the
world.
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Challenges:
1. The nature of the text:
The source text is an academic religious text tackling the issue of Gaza siege from
juristic, legal and humanitarian angles .Translating such text needs a great effort because
it is a great challenge that require many talents i.e. background knowledge of Islam ,good
command of both English and Arabic and research skills . Skills of competancies enable the
translator to choose suitable equivalents to each expression and word. Another challenge is
retaining the style of the source language which isa mixture of scientific and literary style in
the target language. The translator has to convey the message and spirit of the original text in
English in order to create the same at the target audience. So, we usually followed some
stages to get the appropriate translation:
1. Analysis of the surface structure (grammatical) of the source language text.and the
deep structure (meaning);
2. Looking for the appropriate equivalences in the translator’s reliable resources and
references;
3. Transference of the analyzed material in the translator’s mind from source language
medium to the target language medium;
4. Re-structuring the transferred material in the translator’s mind into the target language
norms.
2. The choice of the translation of meanings of the holy Quran:
Since the original text is an academic juristic study, it’s rich in verses of the holy Quran.
The choice of the most appropriate version of translation was problematic and challenging
aseach one has been criticized by some scholars for having some flaws (Khaleel: 2005).
Therefore, the translator set the following selection criteria:
Approval by most of Muslim scholars Committees;
Spread among the English-speaking world;
Translated by professional and experienced translators.
These standards were in the The Noble Qur'an, also informally known as the Hilali-
Khan translation. First, both translators, Dr. Muḥammad Muḥsin Khān and Dr.
Muḥammad Taqiyyu-d-Dīn Al-Hilālī, were famous Islamic scholars and renowned for
their translations of Sahih Al Bukhari. Second, the work was sponsored by the Saudi
government and had a seal of approval from both the University of Medina and the Saudi
Dar al-Ifta. Third, this translation now is the most widely disseminated Qur'an in most
Islamic bookstores and Sunni mosques throughout the English-speaking world (Khaleel:
2005). It is worth to mention that the translator made use of the explanation available at
Interpretations of Meanings of the Holy Qur’an by Abdullah Yusuf Ali in the translation.
5. The translation of the prophetic tradition:
The translation of prophetic tradition, like any other religious texts, requires an
additional consideration due to the sanctity of the text. To illustrate, these texts have
appeared in the remote past causing ambiguity to their textual material (Ilyas: 89).
Therefore, the translator used the former criteria to choose the most convenient
translation of the prophetic tradition. The translator chose Ezzeddin Ibrahim and
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Denys Johnson-Davis. Yahya’s translation of Forty Hadith An-Nawawis was
sponsored and supervised by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation as a main
reference in addition to the translation of Sahih Muslim by Abdul Hamid Siddiqui, a
famous Islamic Sunni scholar.
6. The juristic and international terminology:
The translator based her work on a collection of academic, religious and electronic
references in order to handle these terms and translate them into the target language such
as:
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (website);
Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence by M.H.Kamali who works as a professor of
Islamic Law at the International Islamic University, Selangor, Malaysia (electronic
version);
A Dictionary of Islamic Terms: English- Arabic and Arabic English by Prof. Mohd
Ali Alkhuli (electronic version);
Forty Hadith An-Nawawis. Trans. Ezzeddin Ibrahim and Denys Johnson-Davis.
(2nd ed).Malaysia: Polygraphic Press Sdn. Bhd,(1982).
Additionally, the translator resorts to partial translation due to the religious nature of
the text. To illustrate, according to Ilyas (1989), Catford classified translation into full
translation and partial translation based on the extent. Unlike the full translation, the
translator in partial translation does not translate everything haphazardly but rather resorts
to transliteration and transference in some contexts in order to convey the message (Ilyas:
1989).Look at the following example:
يعدل عمل على دلني: فقال وسلم، عليه هللا صلى هللا رسول إلى رجل جاء : قال عنه، هللا رضي هريرة أبي عن
: قال " تفطر ول وتصوم تفتر، ول فتقوم مسجدك تدخل أن المجاهد، خرج إذا تستطيع، هل : قال أجده ل : "قال ،الجهاد
)"ذلك يستطيع ومن
A man came to the Messenger of Allah-May Mercy and Blessings Be Upon Him- and
said: tell me about a deed that equals Jihad*, the prophet said: I couldn’t find an
equivalent and he said: Can you, once the fighter (Mujahid) goes to fight, you enter the
mosque and stay all the nights praying and fast all the days without eating. The man said:
No one can do that” *(fighting for the sake of God)
Comment: The translator translated الجهاد in the source text which has no equivalent in
English into Jihad using transliteration. Furthermore, the translator added a footnote to
explain the meaning of the word for the English readers.
7. Style variation:
The style of the text varied according to the subject matter and the context into:
religious, legal, humanitarian and academic. Hence, the translator has to be aware of
these variations and adapt the suitable tone to meet with the context. To exemplify, the
translator has to use the eloquent formal style and religious terminology while dealing
with the religious part of the text in order to convey the message properly. To
exemplify, look at the difference between the following extracts:
Extract “1”:
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حقها بغير معاهدا قتل من: "-وسلم عليه هللا صلى - هللا رسول قال: قال عنه تعالى هللا رضي الثقفي بكرة أبي عن -5
") (.عام مائة مسيرة من لتوجد الجنة رائحة وإن الجنة، رائحة يرح لم
من واعتبرها المعاهدة، النفس قتل تحريم قاطع بشكل بين -وسلم عليه هللا صلى - النبي أن :الحديث هذا من الداللة وجه
باالعتداء مباشرة بطريقة إما: مسلمة نفسا يقتل من بعقوبة فكيف ،الجريمة تلك على المترتبة العقوبة بدليل الذنوب؛ كبائر
! عليها؟ االعتداء وحرم هللا عصمها التي المسلمة النفس تلك قتل في سببا يكون شيء بفعل وإما مباشرة عليها
5- On authority of Abu Bakra Al Thaqafi- May Allah be pleased with him-who said: The
messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon him- said:
Whoever killed a Mu'ahid (a person who is granted the pledge of protection by the Muslims) shall not
smell the fragrance of Paradise though its fragrance can be smelt at a distance of forty years (of
traveling)."
Moral of this Hadith: Prophet Mohammed –PBUH- has definitely clarifies that it is unlawful
to kill a protected non-Muslims and regarded this as one of the great sins, and its punishment
is a clear proof of this. With greater reason, what is the penalty of the killer of a Muslim:
either in direct way by attacking him/her or in indirect way by doing something that
leads to the death of this Muslim whose life is preserved from killing by Allah?
Comment The writer used this prophetic tradition to send a strong religious and moral
message to the audience to end the siege through the usage of the prophetic tradition and the
interrogative speech فكيف بعقوبة من يقتل نفسا مسلمة: إما بطريقة مباشرة باالعتداء عليها مباشرة وإما بفعل ،
Therefore, the translator is.شيء يكون سببا في قتل تلك النفس المسلمة التي عصمها هللا وحرم االعتداء عليها؟!
compelled to convey the same message through using a very powerful and effective style;
similar to the writer’s.
Extract “2”:
اء هاذا يعتبر بناء الجدار الفولذي مخالفة صريحة لمبااد القاانون الادولي، فاطبااح الحصاار علاى قطاان خالة مان خا ل بنا
الجدار سيؤدي حتما إلى سوء األحاوال المعيشاية ألهاالي القطان،إضاافة إلاى إخا ح المعاابر وكال ذلاك يشاكل جريماة دولياة
تعرف بجريمة اإلبادة الجماعية، فاألعمال المنشئة لهذه الجريمة هو إخضان جماعة إنسانية عن عمد لظروف معيشية قاساية
( فاي فقرتهاا )ج( مان اتفاقياة مناع جريماة 2مة أو جلئية وهاذا ماا كأكدتاه الماادة رقام )تكفي للقضاء عليهم عضويا بصورة تا
اإلبادة الجماعية والتي نصت على:
" تعني اإلبادة الجماعية أيا من األفعال التالية، تلك المرتكبة على قصاد التادمير الكلاي أو الجلئاي لجماعاة قومياة أو اونياة أو
اإلبادة الجماعياة باخضاان الجماعاة، عمادا ، لظاروف معيشاية ياراد بهاا تادميرها الماادي كلياا أو عرقية أو دينية، كذلك تعنى
جلئيا ."
Construction of the iron wall is considered a direct violation of the principles of the
International Law. To illustrate, besieging of Gaza Strip through the closure of border
crossings and construction of this wall will absolutely lead to aggravating living conditions
for the people of the Gaza Strip, and all of this lead to an international crime identified as
genocide. The practices which lead to this crime are imposing a human group, deliberately, to
severe living conditions leading to their physical eradication totally or partially. This is what
article (2) in paragraph (C) of Prohibition of Genocide Agreement that states:
“Genocide means practices which lead to this crime are imposing a human religious or
ethnical group, deliberately, to severe living conditions leading to their physical eradication
totally or partially.”
Comment: Unlike extract “1”, the style here is purely objective and legal; it’s just a
mentioning of some legal facts and the translator has to convey the same message and sense
by using an objective and formal style.
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Some Translation Problems with Reference to the Text:
The following examples show some problems, challenges and difficulties that faced the
translator during the translation process:
1- Given many professional juristic and legal terms in the original text; the translator
had to use the internet and the references to find the stock terms of such names.
For example:
United Nation Convention on the
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
اتفاقية األمم المتحدة لقانون البحار
Genocide إبادة جماعية
The Geneva Convention relative
to the Protection of Civilian
Persons in Time of War (GCIV)
اتفاقية جينيف الرابعة بشأن حماية األشخاص المدنيين
وقت الحرب
the basic law النظام األساسي
the International Criminal Court محكمة الجنايات الدولية
The Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court
الدولية الجنائية للمحكمة األساسي روما نظام حكامأ
Landlocked countries البلدان الحبيسة
Protected non-Muslim المعاهد
It is worth mentioning that A Dictionary of Islamic Terms: English- Arabic and
Arabic English by Prof. Dr. Mohd Ali Alkhuli was so helpful in finding the English
equivalent for many professional religious terms.
2- The translation of the title:
The translator faced a difficulty in choosing the appropriate equivalent in
English for the research topic “ لجدار الفوالذيا" . The accurate equivalent of this term is
"steel wall” but internet websites such as Haaretz and Zaytona referred to it as “the
iron wall” which means الجدار الحديدي"" . Accordingly, the translator chose the common
equivalent of the word which is the latter i.e. “the iron wall”.
Another difficulty is the translating of the word شرعي"" since it is connected
with the Islamic Law at the first place. The translator used the word “Juristic” which
is derived from the term “Jurisprudence” الفقه اإلسالمي and not the word “legal” to
indicate this difference in meaning.
3- Translation of poetry:
Another difficulty lies in translating the following lines into English due to the
fact that they are from the pre-Islamic era when people were famous of their
eloquence. Look at the following lines said by Hati At-Tai
الورد والفرس الجدين ذي ويابنة مالك وابنة هللا عـبد بنة أيا
وحدي آكله لست فاني أكي ، له فالتمسي اللاد صنعت ما إذا
بعدي من األحاديث مذمات أخاف فانني قريبا ، أو كريما قصيا
العبد شيمة خيرها خ لي من وما واويا دام ما الضيف لعبد وإني
Oh daughter of Abdullah, Malik (his wife) and one of great ancestors and the youth horse
Once you prepare food bring a companion since I never eat alone
I am generous with those who are far or near as the ill reputation I fear
I am the servant of my guest as he is still in my host and this is the manner of the man
Comment: The translator tried to convey the same message using a formal and
accepted style to convey the message. Also, the translator illustrated the meaning of
“daughter of Abdullah, Malik” by adding the word (his wife).
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4- The differences in structure between Arabic and English:
Due to the differences of origin and nature between English and Arabic, the
translator faced many difficulties in adapting the source text into the target text. The
most common one was the very long sentences. Look at the following sentence in
Arabic and its translation:
على كم(40)بطول الممتد الشريطي تكوينه من مستمد خاص طابع له( خلة قطان) خلة محافظات
، فلسطين مساحة جملة من% 1.3 يعادل ما أي ، مربعا مترا كيلو( 365) قدرها بمساحة المتوسط، األبيض البحر
( 6.5) إلى ليصل يضيق وم ، كم(9.5)حانون بيت عند اتساعه فيبلغ ، أخرى إلى منطقة من القطان أتسان ويختلف
مدينة مقابل كم(12)إلى وم ، القرارة مدينة عند كم(6.9) إلى يصل حين البلح،في ودير خلة محافظتي مقابل كم
مليون نحو 2009 عام القطان سكان عدد يبلغ ،) (تقريبا كم(12.6)المصرية الحدود مع اتسان أقصى وم ، خلاعة
من الكثافة وهذه مربع، متر كيلو لكل نسمة( 4100)نحو السكانية الكثافة تبلغ وعليه ،) (نسمة المليون ونصف
. العالم في الكثافات أعلى
Governorates of Gaza (Gaza Strip) have their peculiarity as it is formed of a line
extending about 40 kilometers on the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea with a total area
of 365 square kilometers, which is equivalent to %1.3of the overall area of Palestine. The
Strip’s width ranges from one area to another. To illustrate, its width in Beit Hanoun is (9.5)
Km, then it is narrowed to (6.5) Km in Governorates of Gaza and Deir El Balah. However, the
strip's width increases gradually to reach (9.6) Km in Al Qarara town, (12) Km in Khzaa town
and finally to the most width with the Egyptian borders, i.e. it is a round (12.6) Km. In 2009,
approximately a million and a half Palestinians live in Gaza. Hence, the density of population
is around (4100) person per square kilometer, and this density is one of the greatest densities of
population in the world.
Comment: It is unfamiliar in English to have a sentence of more than 3 lines.-
this sentence consists of 8 lines! In order to deal with this problem, the translator
broke this sentence into smaller ones, 5 sentences, and joined those using connectors
such as however and hence.
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Findings :
After working on this challenging source text, the style and language of the target text varies
because of the following reasons:
The purpose of the translation;
The style and tone of the source text;
The target language audience for whom the translation is intended.
As a result, the translation falls someplace on a continuum ranging from literal
translation to idiomatic and even sometimes to bound-free translation. For the legal part,
literal translation is used where the translator follows very closely the grammatical and
lexical forms of the source text language, whereas idiomatic translation is concerned with
communicating the meaning of the source text using the natural grammatical and lexical
items of the target language. Translation that is bound to linguistic context of the original
text even though not committed to the same style is called bound-free translation.
Since the text is an academic research in the first place, the translator tries to make the
translation appropriate for the target audience who are expected to be Muslim legal scholars
around the world along with ordinary Muslims. The translated text is still digestible for
ordinary Muslim readers even though it’s an academic one through the use of the source text
that has been smoothly transferred into formal English.
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Useful Terminology:
Iron wall ولذيفالجدار ال
Rafah border crossing معبر رفح
Oslo accords أوسلواتفاقية
curfew system نظام حظر التجول
arrest and pursuit العتقال و المطاردة
collective punishment العقاب الجماعي
check points نقاط التفتيش
digging tunnels حفر األنفاح
smuggling التهريب
International Law القانون الدولي
United Nation Convention on the Law of
the Sea (UNCLOS)
اتفاقية األمم المتحدة لقانون البحار
Genocide إبادة جماعية
The Geneva Convention relative to the
Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of
War (GCIV)
اتفاقية جينيف الرابعة بشأن حماية األشخاص المدنيين
وقت الحرب
the basic system النظام األساسي
the International Criminal Court (ICC) محكمة الجنايات الدولية
The Rome Statute of the International
Criminal Court
الدولية الجنائية للمحكمة األساسي روما نظام حكامأ
Crimes against Humanity جرائم ضد اإلنسانية
Landlocked countries بلدان محاطة باليابسة من جميع الحبيسةالبلدان"
الجهات"
Republic of South Africa (RSA) جمهورية جنوب أفريقيا
Islamic law (Sharia) الشريعة اإلس مية
Islamic Jurisprudence الفقه اإلس مي
Prophetic tradition (Sunna) السنة النبوية
Consensus: the agreement of Muslim
scholars upon an issue.
اإلجمان
Juristic reasoning : القياس
Juristic principles : القواعد الفقهية
Bearing witness for falsehood (perjury) شهادة اللور
Muslim scholars علماء اإلس م
Mu'ahid (a person who is granted the
pledge of protection by the Muslims)
معاهد
lawful شرعي
unlawful خير شرعي/محرم شرعا
salinity of the sea water ملوحة مياه البحر
underground water المياه الجوفية
basic commodities السلع الرئيسية
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Translation references:
Ali, A. (1934) The Interpretation of Meanings of the Holy Quran [online]. Available: http://al-
quran.info/ [accessed 19th
June 2013]
Ali, Yusuf The Holy Quran: Text, Translation and Commentary. Egypt: Al-Manar Publishing
and Distributing House.
Anon (2011) Gaza Strip [online], Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip [accessed 8th
June 2013]
Anon (2012) Al jidar Al Folathi (iron wall) [online]Wikipedia ,the free encyclopedia.
Available:
http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7
%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%8A [accessed 8th
August 2012]
Anon (2012) Genocide [online] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide [accessed 8th
June 2013]
Anon (2013) Arab World [online] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Available:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world[accessed 19th June 2013]
Anon (2013) World's Muslim Population: Statistics about the Muslim Population of the
World. [online]About.com. Available:
Anon (2013): Organization of Islamic Cooperation [online] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation[accessed 19th
June 2013]
Anon (2013)Noble Quran (Hilali-Khan)[online] Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Quran_(Hilali-Khan) [accessed 20th June 2013]
Anon(2010) Introductory Flash Show about the Iron Wall[online],Al Zaytona Centre for
Studies and Consultations .Available: http://www.alzaytouna.net/permalink/4751.html [accessed
8th
June 2013]
Anon(2012) [online].Available: http://www.quranexplorer.com/quran/ [accessed 8th
August
2012]
Anon(2012)The World Factbook:Gaza Strip[online],Central Intelligence Agency .Available:
Anon(Jan 2011).The Future of the Global Muslim Population[online].Pew Research Center
.Available: http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population//[accessed 19th June 2013]
Ghazala, H. (2003). Translation as Problems and Solutions. (5th
ed). Beirut: Dar Wa Maktabat
Al-Hilal.
http://islam.about.com/od/muslimcountries/a/population.htm [accessed 19th June 2013]
http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/egypt-building-iron-wall-on-gaza-border-to-stop-
smuggling-1.2525 [accessed 8th June 2013]
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http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egypt-constructs-huge-gaza-wall-
1838197.html [accessed 8th
J 2012]une
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gz.html [accessed 8th
June 2013]
Ilyas, A. (1989). Theories of Translation (Theoretical Issues and Practical Implications).
Mosul.
Issacharoff, A. (2009) Egypt building iron wall on Gaza border to stop smuggling [Online],
Haaretz. Available:
Khaleel ,M.(2005) Assessing English Translations of the Qur'an [online] The Middle East
Quarterly, Available: http://www.meforum.org/717/assessing-english-translations-of-the-
quran [accessed 19th June 2013]
Lynfield, B. (2009) Egypt constructs huge Gaza wall [online], The Independent. Available:
Nawawi, Yahya Z. Forty Hadith An-Nawawis. Trans. Ezzeddin Ibrahim and Denys Johnson-
Davis. (2nd
ed).Malaysia: Polygraphic Press Sdn. Bhd,(1982).
Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali and Muhsin Khan, The Noble Quran in the English Language [online]
Available: http://al-quran.info/ [accessed 19th
June]
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بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيمIn the name of Allah most Gracious, the most
Merciful
بحث بعنوان
الجـدار الفوالذي على حدود قطاع غزة،
دراسة: شرعية تأصيلية.
Iron Wall at Gaza Strip's Borders
Foundational Juristic Research
إعداد
د. ماهر حامد الحولي
األستاذ المشارك في الفقه وأصوله
عميد كلية الشريعة والقانون غزة –الجامعة اإلسالمية
Prepared by:
Dr. Maher Mohammed El Houli
Associate Professor in Jurisprudence and its Foundations
Dean of Faculty of Islamic Sharia and Law
Islamic University of Gaza (IUG)-Gaza
2009/2010مارس
March 2009/2010
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Introduction:
Most blessed praise be to God, the Cherisher and
Sustainer of Worlds; and peace and mercy be upon
His messenger of mercy for Worlds: Mohammed,
his honored family, blessed companions and
whosoever follows them till the Judgment Day. To
proceed:
Allah-May He glorified-distinguished humans by
knowledge and appoint for those obtaining this
great merit the highest degrees in Paradise. Allah
says: ﴾Allah will exalt in degree those of you who believe,
and those who have been granted knowledge. And
Allah is Well-Acquainted with what you do.
﴿;therefore, men of knowledge who have been held
this moral responsibility were committed to clarify
for people the matters of their religion, and Islamic
Sharia opinion in doubtful new matters explaining
Allah's purpose from this. One of these current
matters is the building of an "iron wall” at borders
between Gaza Strip and Arab Republic of Egypt.
Some Muslim legal scholars around the Islamic
World have issued fatwas "Islamic legal opinion";
some of which support building the iron wall while
others were against the building process. And
therefore, I've decided to conduct this research in
order to clarify Islamic Sharia legal opinion on
constructing the iron wall.
The research includes the following:
Introduction: It contains the topic's nature and its
importance, research approach, plan and summary.
المقدمة:دددددد ك يدددددد ا الحمدددددد ل ال ال،دددددد لميرا حمدددددد اك يددددددااك ي دددددد م اوالصدد و والمددد لمددو الم ،دددوا احمدددح لم،دد لمير محمددد ا ولمدددو
ولمو مر ت ،ه إحمد ر آل ال هايرا وأصح الغا المي ميرا إلو يو ال يرا أم ،
إر ال د لز وجل د ق ضل اإلنم ر ل،م وج،دل لمدر اتصد هددددلص الصددددمح ال،ريمددددح الدددد اج ، ال،مددددو دددد الجنددددحا قدددد ل ت،دددد لو
والدلير أوتدوا ال،مد اجد ،ا والمد ﴿ مد يا ع الم اللير آمنوا من؛ للا و ر لزام ك لمو أهدل ال،مد الدلير حممدوا هدلص ﴾ت،ممور خ يا
األم نح أر ي ينوا لمن س أموا ينه ا وم أشل لميه مدر الوقد ع الممتج و ي ينوا حمه ا ويوضحوا مداا الشد اا الحدي د للد ا ومر تم الوق ع الممتح ح الت يحت ج الن س إلو م،ا ح حمهد
ر موقددد الشددد اا منهددد ا مددد حددد ا مدددر نددد جددد ااا دددو ل و يدددلمو الحد و الم صدمح دير ق د ا ودزو وجمهوايدح مصدا ال،ا يدح ا وقد صد ا، ،دل المتد و مددر ،دل ال،ممد د أمد ر متماقددح مددر ال،دد ل اإلمدد م ا و ندد، تمدد المتدد و مختممددح مدد ددير م يدد
اأيدد، أر أشددحل ل ندد للدد الجدد ااا ومدد ددير م،دد ال لدد ؛ ولددللال،زيمح وأشما لر مد ل الجد ؛ ألوضدك حد ند للد الجد اا
مر منروا شال .
-وق اشتمل ال حا لمو م يم المق مح وق اشتمم، لمو ي،ح الموضوا وأهميت ومنهجيح
ال حا وخ ح ال حا وممخص .First: Genre of Topic: It’s a foundational Islamic Sharia study that
clarifies what relates to building the iron wall
regarding juristic and humanitarian laws and
effects.
أوال: طبيعة الموضوع.هدو اامدح قهيدح تلصدديميح ت دير مد يت،مددل ند الجد اا مددر
نم نيح. أح وآ ا شاليح وا
Second: Importance of Topic and reasons
of choice: 1. The importance of this topic is to tackle
the life of besieged population who have
been suffering bad effects of this siege.
2. Feeling responsibility fallen upon the
shoulders of Islamic Sharia scholars
towards update issues.
3. Highlighting the expected role from
Sons of the Islamic Nation towards the
ثانيا: أهمية الموضوع وسبب اختياره:تمددددر أهميددددح الموضددددوا دددد أندددد يمددددس حيدددد و شدددد،ل -1
مح صا ت،ال آل ا مي ح مر جاا هلا الحص ا. الشددد،وا لممددد وليح الممقددد و لمدددو لددد تل ال،ممددد تجددد ص -2
القض ي الممتج و.
إ ددااز الدد وا الم مددول مددر أ ندد األمددح اإلمدد ميح تجدد ص -3
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18 | P a g e
Palestinian Cause.
4. Declaring the last word and sound
opinion regarding a modern
controversial issue; that leads to the
disagreement of Islamic Sharia scholars.
القضيح الممم ينيح.
إرهدد ا الممددح المصددل والدداأ الددااجك حددول ممددللح لصددايح -4 ا يه الج ل ؛ ختم يه ال،مم .
Third: Research approach: The descriptive
analytical approach has been used in conducting
this research.
قدددد تدددد امددددت،م ل المددددنه الوصددددم ثالثااااا: ماااان. البحاااا . التحميم هلا ال حا.
Fourth: Research plan: The plan of this research consists of an
introduction, three subjects, and the conclusion
رابعا: خطة البح .تمثلااخ خطااة هااحا البحاا ةااف: مقدمااةث ةثالثااة مباحاا ث ثاام
خاتمةث وهف كتالف:اFirst Section: Geographical Location of
Gaza Strip and Reasons for the
Existence of Tunnels It includes the following issues:
First Issue: The geographical location of
Gaza Strip and the status of its borders.
Second Issue: Reasons lying behind the
existence of the tunnels
المبحث األول:الموقع الجغرافي لقطاع غزة
ودواعي وجود األنفاق.
وق تضمر الم م ير الت ليير المطلب األول: الموقع الجغراةف لقطاع غزة ووضع المعابر
ةيه. المطلب الثانف: دواعف وجود األنفاق.
Second Section: Islamic Legal Vision
Regarding Constructing the Wall
It includes the following issues:
First Issue: The Holy Quran
Second Issue: The prophetic tradition
"Sunna"
Third Issue: Consensus of Islamic legal
scholars
Fourth Issue: Juristic reasoning
"deduction"
Fifth Issue: Juristic principles.
Sixth Issue: Construction of the wall:
Hurting the Palestinian resistance and its
members
Seventh Issue: Different dimensions for the
construction of the wall
Eighth Issue: The legal dimension
عية لبناء الجدار.المبحث الثاني: الرؤية الشر
وق تضمر الم لل الت ليح المطلب األول: القرآن الكريم.
المطلب الثانف: السنة النبوية الشريفة. المطلب الثال : اإلجماع. المطلب الرابع: القياس.
المطلب الخامس: القواعد الفق.ية. المطلاااااب الساااااادس: بناااااا الجااااادار: ضااااارار بالمقاوماااااة
ورجاالت.ا. السابع: األبعاد المختلفة لبنا الجدار.المطلب
المطلب الثامن: البعد القانونف.
Conclusion: It includes the most important
findings and recommendations that the
research has reached.
والتوصددي ، التدد توصددل وتضددمن، أهدد النتدد الخاتمةةة: إليه ال حا.
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Abstract:
The study which falls into three sections,
concludes that the building of this wall increase
the imposed siege on the Gaza Strip. It also
prevents the entry of medications and shatters
the strip into pieces. In fact, these practices
represent illegitimate violation. Moreover,
building and contributing in building this wall
is a severe crime that the international law
imposes penalty on. In addition, the study
shows the various dimensions for the
illegitimacy of building this Iron Wall, and it
discusses health, legal, economic, psychological
and environmental effects arising from building
the wall.
: ملخص البح
ج هلا ال حا الج اا المو ل لمو ح و ق ا ودزوا اامدح شدداليح تلصدديميح دد دح م حدداا تقدداا مددر خ لهدد أر نددد الجددد اا يمددد ه ددد تشددد ي الحصددد ا لمدددو الشدددد،ل
ين ومنددع الدد وا والغددلا لندد ا ضدد ك لددر أندد يق ددع المممددأوصدد ل الدد ا و دد للدد مخ لمددح شدداليحا تتم ددل دد حامددح نددد الجددد اا وحامدددح ال،مدددل يددد ا مددد هدددو جايمدددح ق نونيدددحا
ي، قل لميه الق نور ال ول .مددددد دددددير ال حدددددا األ ،ددددد المختممدددددح لحامدددددح نددددد هدددددلا
ح والصدددحيح وا قتصددد يح الجددد ااا واآل ددد ا الشددداليح والق نونيددد والنمميح وال ي يح المتات ح لمو ن .
First Section
Geographical Location of Gaza Strip
and Reasons for the Existence of Tunnels
First Issue: The geographical location of
Gaza Strip and status of its border
crossings.
First: The Geographical Location. After signing the Oslo Accords, the territories of
the West Bank and governorates of Gaza Strip
were divided into 14 governorates, and the
governorate is considered to be the highest level in
the administrative system. To add, the governorate
included a lot of population centres; and Gaza
Strip was divided into five governorates, 17 towns
and 8 villages illustrated in figure(1) as follows:
الموقع الجغراةف لقطاع غزةث ودواعف وجود األنفاق
المطلااااب األول: الموقااااع الجغراةااااف لقطاااااع غاااازةث ووضااااع
المعابر ةيه.
أوال: الموقع الجغراةف. ، قمم، أااض الضمح الغا يح ومح ر ، ق ا وزو
إلو أا ع لشاو مح رح وت،ت ا توقيع اتم قيح أوممو المح رح ألمو ممتو الهيل اإل اا ا حيا تض
قم ق ا وزو ا وق المح رح ال، ي مر المااز ال،ماانيحم ينح و م ن قا وإلو خمس مح ر ، ا وم ع لشا
الت ل 1يوضحه شل اق Governorates of Gaza (Gaza Strip) have their
peculiarity as it is formed of a line extending about
40 kilometers on the Eastern coast of the
Mediterranean Sea with a total area of 365 square
kilometers, which is equivalent to %1.3 of the
overall area of Palestine. The Strip's width ranges
from one area to another. To illustrate, its width in
Beit Hanoun is (9.5) Km, then it is narrowed to
خدد م ممددتم مددر عمح ردد ، وددزو ق دد ا وددزو لدد دد دد لمدو ال حددا األ دديل 40تويند الشدداي الممتد ددول
ك ا أ مدد ،دد يمددو متددااك ما 365المتومدد ا ممدد حح قدد اه % مددر جممددح ممدد حح ممدد ير ا ويختمدد أتمدد ا 1.3ي،دد ل
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(6.5) Km in Governorates of Gaza and Deir El
Balah. However, the strip's width increases
gradually to reach (9.6)Km in Al Qarara town,
(12) Km in Khzaa town and finally to the most
width with the Egyptian borders i.e. it is a round
(12.6) Km. In 2009, approximately a million and a
half Palestinians live in Gaza. Hence, the density
of population is around (4100) person per square
kilometer, and this density is one of the greatest
densities of population in the world.
الق ددد ا مدددر من قدددح إلدددو أخدددا ا ي مددد اتمددد ل لنددد يددد، ددد مق دددل 6.5 ددد ا ددد يضددديل ليصدددل إلدددو 9.5حددد نور
ددد 6.9محددد رت ودددزو و يدددا ال مكا ددد حدددير يصدددل إلدددو د مق دل م يندح خزالدح ا د 12القاااو ا إلدو لن م ينح
ا ي مد 1 د تقاي د ك 12.6أقصو اتم ا مع الحد و المصدايح نحدو مميدور ونصد المميدور 2009م ر الق ا ل ل نممح لل 4100ولمي ت م ال ح الم نيح نحو ا 1 نممح
يمو متا ما عا وهلص ال ح مر ألمو ال ، ال، ل . Despite being located on the Mediterranean Sea,
the situation of Gaza Strip is similar to landlocked
countries i.e. countries which are not located on
seas; and this because of the Israeli entity's control
of the marine borders; which hinders moving
freely from Gaza Strip to the world's countries. It
is worth mentioning that the International Law
guarantees movement of navigation. Also, United
Nation's Seas' Act (1982) secures the rights of
landlocked countries. To exemplify, Lesotho -a
country that is totally surrounded by the Republic
of South Africa (RSA)-maintains the right to use
ports of the RSA located on the Indian Ocean by
the virtue of United Nations Seas' Act.
و د لاو مددر وقدوا الق دد ا لمدو ال حددا األ ديل المتومدد إ أندد ال التةي دولة الهي وين ل لمي م ين ل لمو ال ول الح يمدح
وبلةةل لطةة ا ك ال ةة ؛ي مفتةةو أي منفةةب ر ةة تشةة ع ى ةة
ددح مددر الحدد و ى ةة الصةةو وني ال حايددح؛ ممدد ي،اقددل حايددح الحاالق ا إلو مختم ول ال، ل ا لمم ك دلر القد نور الد ول يمدمك
الددل الاليسة دد ال م ةة الدول ةة ل ةةو حايددح الم حددح اوحيددا إر
1 1982 فةي لةا اتف ة ة ا مةم المت ةدك ل ة نو الر ة ىة م م فول احيا إر ولح ليموتو تحي ه جمهوايح جنول إ ايقي مدر جميدع
باستخدام موتنم دمان تنمب تنرمقيا تامم ت مالجه ، ولر له الحدل
م وح طمم ه ايمحسرممخفاق نممألو مم وخحاةم ا ننمم بحاام. 1
Regarding governorate of Rafah to the south of the
Gaza Strip, it is connected with Egypt by
international political borders which give the
former special significance as being the south gate
of Palestine. Area of this governorate is about
(58.490)sq Km which is about %16.3 of the area
of all governorates of Gaza , so it is the fourth in
terms of area. However, it is the last governorate
in terms of population as 173371persons are
estimated to be its population in 2007, which is
equal to %12 of the overall population of all Gaza
governorates. Rafah Governorate consists of one
city which is Rafah , and it includes Rafah
refugees camp, which forms %67.9 of the city's
population. To add, the city and its camp represent
%92 of the population of the governorate. The area
of Rafah city is about %51.3 of the governorate's
area, and it has two villages :( El Shouka, El
Bayyouk), and they form %15 of the governorate's
area and about %8 of the governorate's population.
يإ هامختاخبطمغزةم،ممقطاعوحايظنمايحمييمب نرمبمني وام دخص
ونهدد ؛خ صدح أهو تتنمأكستتبخهاوت مورتتامبحتتانامس است نمان تتنم 58.490 وا ددددح ممدددد ير الجنو يددددح . وت مدددد ممدددد حح المح رددددح
%مددددر ممدددد حح المح ردددد ، ا و ددددلل 16.3ي،دددد ل أ مدددد 2دددد يمدددد ت،دددد أقددددل 1 تحرددددو لمات ددددح الاا ،ددددح مددددر حيددددا الممدددد حح
مدد لدد مدد نه حيددامح ردد ، وددزو إمدده م ك دد لدد المدد ر % مدددر 12ي،دد ل أ مدد 1 نمددمح 173371حددوال 2007لدد
وتضدد المح رددح م ينددح واحدد و هددد اإجمدد ل مدد ر المح ردد ،ل ج ددير ا والددل ا ددك ويقددع ضددمر حدد و ه مخددي ام ينددح ا ددك
% مددر مدد نه ا يمدد تشددل الم ينددح ومخيمهدد 67.9يشددل نحددو % مدددر مددد ر المح ردددح . أمددد ممددد حح الم يندددح تشدددغل نحدددو 92
ح قايتدددد ر همدددد و هدددد ح رددددح ا % مددددر ممدددد حح الم51.3 ا الشددددو% مدر 8% مدر ممد حح المح ردح ونحدو 15ا وتش ر ال يو . 1 م نه
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Second:
Gaza Strip Crossings.
The Gaza Strip is surrounded by seven border
crossings and nothing can move in or out the strip
without passing by one of them. Six of these
crossings are under control of the Israeli entity
except for Rafah crossing. Each of the first six
crossings has two names, the Arabic name and the
Israeli name. Gaza's seven border crossings are
illustrated in the following table:
مثا ا:
موعابامقطاعمغزة
تحددي ق دد ا وددزو مدد ،ح م،دد ا يدد خل الق دد ا و يخدداج مندد شددد ور المددداوا لحددد ه ا تخضدددع مدددتح منهددد لمدددي او اليددد ر الصهيون والم، ا الوحي الخ اج لر مي او ا حت ل هدو م، دا
تح األولددو تمددميت را إحدد اهم ا ددك. ولددل م، ددا مددر الم،دد ا المددلا يددح وال نيددح مت اولددح إمدداا يمي . وم،دد ا وددزو المدد ،حا يوضددحه
مالج ول الت ل
:األهمية ة:السيطر ع:الموق ر:المعب
ل وا الممع التج ايح المت لح إماا يميح ممح شال وزو المنطار )كارنف(
ممحإماا يميح شم ل م ينح وزو بيخ حانون ) يريز(الح ، الماضيح الممم ينيح وال موم ميير ل وا
والصح ح وال ، ، األجن يح ووياه
ح التج ايح تج ص ق ا وزو ق إماا يميح ممح شال م ينح ا ك العودة )صوةا( الحا
معبر الشجاعية )ناحال عوز(
ح الشج ليح شال م ينح وزو
نحو الق ال وا موا الوقو إماا يميح ممح
كرم أبو سالم )كيرم شالوم(
الح و المصايح الممم ينيح اإلماا يميح
ح التج ايح والمم ل ا،ا و يل إماا يميح تنميل مع مصا أحي ن ك ، ا ا كلر مالحا
القرارة )كيسوةيم( ير من قح خ ر يونس
و يا ال مك قاا، إماا يل اجتي ح وزو م ال،ما إلا مختم لتحا إماا يميح ممح
معبر رةحالح و المصايح
الممم ينيح
مم ينيح لتنميل مع مصا ومااق ح أواو يح
ل وا الم ر وال ض ع الممم ينيح
Importance Control: Location: Crossing:
Entry of exchanged
goods. Full Israeli control East Gaza
Al Muntar
(Karni)
Entry of: Palestinian
patients, diplomats, press
and foreign delegations,
etc.
Full Israeli control North Gaza city Beit Hanoun
(Ereiz)
Trade movement towards
Gaza Strip only.
Full Israeli control East Rafah city El Awda
(Soufa)
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Entry of fuel to the Strip Full Israeli control
Shijaeyia
Neighborhood-East
Gaza city
Shijaeyia Crossing:
(Nahal Uz)
Trade movement and aid,
and as an alternative to
Rafah Crossing
Sometimes.
Israel in co-ordination
with Egypt Palestinian-Israeli and
Egyptian borders
Karm Abu Salem
(Kerem Shalom)
Allocated for military
movment once Israel
decide to invade Gaza
Full Israeli control
Between Khan
Younis and Deir El
Balah
El Qarara Crossing
(Kesofem)
Movement of Palestinian
people and goods
Palestinian control in co-
ordination with Egypt
and under supervision of
European Union(EU)
Palestinian Egyptian
borders Rafah Crossing
The Zionist authorities practise
humanitarian, moral, social, health and
commercial restrictions on the movement of
people and goods.
It is worth to mention that the form of the
state is one of the most important issues that were
included in the agenda of Peace Conference after
the Second World War (WW2), specially that the
direct cause of the outbreak of the war was the
bizarre shape of Germany which resulted from
granting Poland land route through the German
territories; leading to dividing Germany into two
parts. This to some extent can be applied to
Palestine in that the establishment of the Zionist
entity led to a geographical separation between the
Gaza Strip and the West Bank and this is going to
agitate tensions in the region. Furthermore, the
proposed Palestinian state is considered to be a
divided country because it consists of two exclaves
or more. Similarly, the iron wall supports this
separation since Rafah Crossing is considered to
be the only access for the Gaza Strip to contact
with Arab and Muslim worlds through Egypt.
والجدددددددد يا لددددددددلا أر شددددددددل ال ولددددددددح مددددددددر أهدددددددد المواضددديع الم اجدددح ددد جددد ول ألمددد ل مددد تما المددد ،ددد الحددال ال، لميددح ال نيددحا وخ صددح أر المدد ل الم شددا لقيدد الحال ال، لميح ال نيح ر شدل ألم نيد الشد ل نتيجدح لمدنك ولن ا ممااك اي ك ل دا األااضد األلم نيدح؛ ممد ج،دل ألم نيد
يدددا ا وهدددلا مددد ين دددل إلدددو حددد 1 تنشددد ا إلدددو شددد ايرلمدددددو ممدددددد ير إل أر قيدددددد اليدددددد ر الصددددددهيون أ إلددددددو ا نمصدد ل الجغاا دد ددير ق دد ا وددزو والضددمح الغا يددح؛ ممدد مددددي ق التددددوتا دددد المن قددددح حيددددا إر ال ولددددح المممدددد ينيح المقتاحح ت، مر الد ول المجدزأو التد تتدور مدر جدزأير أو أ دددا حيدددا تمصدددمه لدددر ،ضددده الددد ،ل أااضددد لددد ول
لج اا المو ل ير ق ا وزو ومصا ي،دزز م دل أخا ا واهلا ا نمص ل حدير أر م، دا ا دك ي،ت دا المنمدل الوحيد
لق ا وزو مع ال، ل ال،ا واإلم م ل ا مصا.
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Second: Reasons Lie behind the Existence of
Tunnels The Palestinian people have passed through many
restrictions and ordeals , both individually,
collectively including:
First: Curfew System: The Israeli occupation used to impose curfew in many suburbs and cities
for long periods that would last for one day or
more, forcing every one, men or women, in a
house arrest and depriving them from going out to
work or obtaining their essential needs.
المطلب الثانف: الدواعف من وجود األنفاق لق ما الش،ل الممم ين د ق د ا ودزو دلنواا يداو مدر ال،ددددلا ، والمضدددد يق ، لمددددو الممددددتو المددددا والجمدددد ل
ومر تم المض يق ، حيدددا إر ا حدددت ل اإلمددداا يم أوال: نظاااام مناااع التجاااوال:
ددد ر يمدددال مندددع التجدددوال ددد يدددا مدددر األحيددد والمددد ر لمدو دل دا لمتاا، ويمح ق تما يو أو أ ا ويمال
اجددد ك ددد ر أ امددداأو اإلق مدددح الج ايدددح ددد يتددد ويمن،ددد مدددر الخاوج لمم امح لمم وقض ش ون الضاوايح.
Second: Arrest and Pursuit: The Israeli
occupation used to practice unjust despotic
arrests against Palestinian citizens who mostly
were used to be imprisoned for long periods
without having clear accusations to justify
their arrest.
حيددا ددد ر ا حددت ل يمددد اس ثانيااا: االعتقاااال والمطاااردة.ا لتق ل الت،مم الر ل ض الموا نير الممم ينيير حيا نوا يمجنور لمتاا، ويمح ور أر توج إلدو يدا مدنه
ير م ل التق له .تهم ك واضحح ت Third: Prevention from Work: Most
members of Palestinian people used to work in
the cities occupied by Zionists to support their
families; some of them worked in agriculture,
others in industry, and some worked in
building, etc. However, this did not continue as
the Israeli occupation had prevented
Palestinian people from entering the cities that
they used to work in, leading to cut off their
source of income that they used to keep
themselves barely alive and meet their needs.
At that time, most of the population-estimated
at two hundred fifty thousand workers- have
suffered unemployment. And considering that
each worker used to support his family, readers
can imagine the gravity of the economic
situation that those vanquished people live in.
حيددا إر أومددل ثالثااا: المنااع ماان العماال وكسااب الاارزق.أ ددداا الشددد،ل المممددد ين ددد ق ددد ا ودددزو ددد ر م،تمددد اك ددد الحصددول لمدددو ازقددد لمدددو ال،مددل ددد المددد ر التددد احتمهددد اليهددو ا قدد دد ر يشددتغل ،ضدده دد الزاالددح ا والدد ،ل اآلخا الصن لح ا و ،ضه ال ن ا وويا لل مدر مجدد ، ال،مدددل المختممددح ا ولددد يمدددتما للدد دددوي ك حيدددا ددال ا حددت ل لمددو أ دداا الشدد،ل المممدد ين منددع خددول تمدددد المدددد ر التدددد دددد نوا يم امددددور ألمدددد له يهدددد ا و ددددلل يور ق ق ع لنه مص ا ازقه الل يم ور جدوله ا ويقضور ش ونه ا لص ك أومل الش،ل ل ك لدر ال،مددل وقدد قدد ا لدد مددر ي،مددل دد تمدد المجدد ، آنددلا
لا لم أر ل ل مل مدر م تير وخمم ير أل ل ملا وا أول ددد ددد ر ي،دددول أمددداو مدددر األمدددا لا ددد، مددد خ دددواو
الوضع ا قتص الل ي،يش أول المقهواور.Fourth: Building barbed wires and concrete
and iron walls. The Israeli occupation tried to
separate towns and villages of Palestine from
each other .Accordingly, no one can move
from a town to another or from a village to
another without encountering a military
رابعااااااا: بنااااااا األسااااااالإل الشااااااا كة والجاااااادر اإلساااااامنتية حددد ول ا حدددت ل أر يق دددع المددد ر والك.ربا ياااة والحديدياااة.
الممم ينيح والقا لر ،ضده الد ،ل ا د يمدت يع أحد و أخدا ور أر ينتقل مر م ينح إلو أخا أو مر قايدح إلد
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24 | P a g e
checkpoint or a wall, and the aim of this is to
tighten the grip around Palestinian people and
turn their lives into wounds, worries and pains.
أر يما ح جز مر الحواجز ال،مايح أو ج اا مر الجد ا المختممح ا ولل لمتضييل لمو هلا الش،ل وتحويدل حي تد
مه إلو جااح ، وهمو وآ .Fifth: Prevention of daily life basic needs. The Israeli occupation has exerted pressure on
our people through preventing the entry of all
sorts of vehicles’ fuel, cooking gas, all sorts of
medicine and basic food commodities such as
flour, sugar, rice and babies’ powdered milk..
مدد اس خامسااا: منااع الحاجاااخ األساسااية للحياااة اليوميااة.حددت ل الضددغ لمددو هددلا الشدد،ل مددر خدد ل منددع وقددو ا
ددلل مندع إ خدد ل ودد ز ال هدد ا المدي اا، جميددع أنوالدد ا وومنع ال وا لنوال المختممح ا ومنع خول المدوا الغلا يدح وخ صددح الضدداوايح منهدد لدد قيل والمددا واألاز وحميددل
األ م ل.Sixth: In addition to this, there are the
continuing conspiracies directed by some of
international powers against the Palestinian
people to force them to succumb. For
example, the use of Veto against any
resolution that condemns Zionists in addition
to the launch of a fierce psychological and
media war on any similar steps. At the same
time, there is an organized media silence
regarding the crimes of Israeli occupation
Forces against our people such as killing,
torture and demolishing homes.
المحدد و ، المت حقددح مددر سادسااا: تضاااى لااك حلااإل كلااهالمد اماا، التد حيد، ومد زالد، ضد هدلا الشد،ل؛ هد ي،دد مددر ق ددل ،ددل القددو ال وليددح ومددر تمدد المدد اماا، تا
امتخ ا حل الميتو ض ل ميدح شامدح أ قااا ي ير اليهو مع شر حال نممدي ح وا
ا يق مهددد أيضددد ك تتدددي إل مددد مدددنر حدددول الجددداا التددد يات هدد ا حددت ل وجنددو ص ضدد أ دداا هددلا الشدد،ل مددر قتددل
وت،ليل وت ميا لم يو،.Seventh: Closure of all borders: land, sea
and air borders; and this is in order to
increase the sorrow, hunger and suffering of all
people.
For all these reasons, Palestinian people has no
choice but first to trust in Allah –May He be
glorified, oppose these practices, and find out
new ways to continue their resistance in order
to stay fast against this malicious foe which
tries to leave them to die out of starvation. And
when Palestinian people discovered that the
traditional ways were ineffective, they relied
on a very difficult and arduous way which is
digging tunnels under the Palestinian-Egyptian
borders in order to get the needed quantities of
basic food commodities for keeping
themselves alive and medicine for treating
their patients. And therefore, we can say that
the tunnels are exceptional cases as Muslim
Palestinians have been forced to rely on due to
the extremely difficult conditions they have
been going through.
؛ ساابعا: غااالق جميااع الحادود: البريااة والبحريااة والجويااةدد يددز ا األلدد والجددوا وتددز ا الم، ندد و لمددو هددلا الشدد،ل
جميع ق ت وأ اا ص.جمي،ددد ك لددد يجددد الشددد،ل المممددد ين ايقددد ك ولهدددلص األمددد ل
لمخدد م مددر تمدد ال،ددلا ، إ أر يمددت،ير دد ل لددز وجددل ويقد و هدلص المم امد ، وي،مدل لمدو ا تد ا أمد ليل ج يد و متمااا المق ومح مح ولح من لم قد وال د ، ضد هدلا ال، و المجا الل يح ول قتل ش،ل لمم جول ك. ولن م
م الت،مددميح التقمي يددح لدد تجدد نم،دد ك ؛ لجددل هددلا لمدد أر ومدد الش،ل الممم لوميمح ه و يح الصد،و ح ا و د و يدح المشقح ا أ وه حما أنم ل تح، أال الح و المصايح الممم ينيح؛ ل يحصل مر خ له لمو القد ا الضداوا الل يم جول وي،د ل د ماضد ص وي قيد تد ك ممدتمااك
يل الجه والمق ومح. ا
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ولهلا نقول لر األنم ل ل او لر ح لح امت ن يحا ليم، ه األصل حيا ل يمجل إليه الممممور الممم ينيور إ
اض ااااك؛ م ل الراو الص، ح الت ي،يشه .
Second Section: Islamic Legal
Vision Regarding Constructing the
Wall
Once contemplating the texts of the holy Quran
and the prophetic tradition “Sunna”, there can be
found much evidence that the Muslim legal scholar
can deduce the opinion of Islamic Sharia in this
contemporaneous issue based on these holy texts
and the followed rules, which were set by well-
acquainted Muslim legal scholars.
This vision is represented in the following issues:
First Issue: The Holy Quran.
Second Issue: The prophetic tradition
"Sunna".
Third Issue: Consensus of Islamic legal
scholars.
Fourth Issue: Juristic reasoning
"deduction".
Fifth Issue: Juristic principles.
Sixth Issue: Construction of the wall:
Hurting the Palestinian resistance and its
members.
Seventh Issue: Different sides of
constructing the wall.
Eighth Issue: The legal side
المبح الثانف
الرؤية الشرعية لبنا الجدار
لو تلممن النصوم الشاليح مر الت ل والمنح لوج ن يااك مر األ لح الت نمت يع مر خ له أر نمتوضك الح الشال هلص الممللح الم، صاو مر الن حيح
صوما والقوال الشاليحا و ي ر حمه ن ك لمو تم النالمت ،ح الت م اه أهل ال،م الاامخور ه مق ص
الشاي،ح اإلم ميحا وم لو ته . وتتم ل هلص الا يح الم لل الت ليح
الم مل األول القاآر الاي .
الم مل ال ن المنح الن ويح الشايمح. الم مل ال لا اإلجم ا. الم مل الاا ع القي س.
الم مل الخ مس القوال المقهيح. الم مل الم س ن الج اا إضااا لمق ومح واج ته .
الم مل الم ع األ ، المختممح ل ن الج اا. الم مل ال مر ال ، الق نون
First Issue: The Holy Quran Many verses of the Holy Quran the Muslim legal
scholar can use to deduce the Islamic Sharea’s
opinion in constructing the iron wall on the
borders between Gaza Strip and Egypt, such as:
المطلب األول: القرآن الكريم.
القاآر الاي ال، ي مر النصوم الت ،لق وا الشال لممللح ن يمر مر خ له امتن الح
منه الج اا المو ل لمو الح و ير ق ا وزو ومصاا د م يم
1- Allah-May He be glorified
says:
﴾ if anyone killed a person
not in retaliation of
murder, or to spread
mischief in the land – it
would be as if he killed all
أنددد مدددر قتدددل نممددد ك غيدددا نمدددسا أو ﴿ولددد ت،ددد لو ق -1لنم قتدل الند س جمي،د ك ا 1 ﴾ م ا األال
أ -احمدد ال ت،دد لو- قدد ل اإلمدد ا ددر يددا مد أو قصد ما مدر مد ل غيدا نممك قتل ومر
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26 | P a g e
mankind, and if anyone
saved a life, it would be as
if he saved the life of all
mankind﴿.
The great Muslim scholar Ibn Katheer –
mercy be upon him-said:( It means that
whosoever kills a person without
justification i.e. punishment or penalty,
and regards this killing lawful is like
killing the whole humanity because there
is no difference between one person or
another. Also, the Muslim scholar Al Saadi
said: “this verse indicates that killing is
permissible “halal” only in two cases:
First, once someone premeditatedly
murders an innocent person in retaliation
of murder and he was an equivalent adult
and not the father of the murdered; and
here killing is permissible. Second, the one
who spread mischief in the land by
corrupting people’s religion, health and
money such as: apostate disbelievers, war
wagers against Allah, propagandists for
innovate matters, and highway rubbers,
or any one attacks people to kill them or
get their money”
And as the killing of a soul is not
legitimate but only in case of punishment,
or corruption in earth, this shows the
gravity of killing a soul without having the
two justifications stated in the former
sacred verse. Likewise, the wall is the
cause of killing many people by a variety
of means, such as poverty, hunger and
ailment, etc.
؛جن يددح و امدد ل دد قتمهدد وامددتحل األالا دد ددير لندد ص ددال ألندد جمي،كدد ؛ الندد س قتددل لنمد 1 ونمس نمس
يجدوز القتدل أر لمدو اآليدح و ل،"ق ل اإلم الم،
دد مت،مدد اك حددلا غيددا نممدد ك يقتددل أر إمدد أمدداير لحدد والد ا لديس ام د ك مممد ك د ر إر ؛قتم يحل إن ؛لل
مددد ا لممقتدددول إ مددد ص األالا ددد مممددد اك يدددور أر وا لمدددددددد ا أمددددددددواله أو اأ دددددددد انه أو االندددددددد س أل يدددددددد ر الددددلير ال دددد ا إلددددو والدددد ل و والمحدددد ا يرا االماتدددد يردددددددلل ا لقتدددددددل إ شددددددداه ينددددددد اال ايدددددددل ق ددددددد ا و
أخددددل أو لقددددتمه ا الندددد س لمددددو يصددددول ممددددر ونحددددوه ا . 1 "أمواله
1- Allah-May He be glorified says: ﴾ And
those who annoy believing men and
women undeservedly, they bear (on
themselves) the crime of slander and
plain sin. ﴿ This verse indicates the great guiltiness for
annoying Muslim believing men and women in
general, especially if this annoyance reaches
the level of severe harm leading to the death of
some of them, or their starvation; and this can
be caused by constructing the iron wall.
Al Alousi-mercy be upon him- said: “Anyone
did what leads to the harm of believers by
word and deed. And what Allah says: ﴾they
واللير ي لور الم منير والم من ، غيا مد قول ت، لو ﴿-2 م ك م ين ك تم وا ق احتمموا هت ن ك وا i ﴾ا
وهددددلص اآليددددح تدددد ل لمددددو مدددد اإل دددد الددددل يمحددددل مددددر آل ددد ر للددد المددد منيرا والم منددد ، شدددل لددد ا مددديم إلا
إضددااااك يدد إلددو لول دد صددل إلددو حدد اإلضددااا ي اإليددلا الجدددددد اا للدددددد مددددددو، ،ضدددددده ا أو جددددددوله ا وللدددددد ل ندددددد
المو ل الل ي إلو لل يقين ك م هو م،مو . د يتدللور مد هد يم،مدورأ " احمد ال ق ل اآللومد
قدد احتممددوا هت ندد ك ﴿مدد ح ن قولدد ....و ،ددلا أو قددول مددر م ك م ين ك . ii شني، ك ، ك أ ﴾اوا
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27 | P a g e
bear (on themselves) the crime of slander
and plain sin. ﴿which means an atrocious
deed.
3- Allah-May He be glorified says: ﴾ And do
not kill yourselves (nor kill one
another). Surely, Allâh is Most Merciful
to you. ﴿
And this is a direct evidence for the prohibition
of suicide, and the killing of other Muslims.
Al Alousi-mercy be upon him- said: “:﴾And do
not kill yourselves﴿ means not killing each
other, and Allah uses this expression to
exaggerate in condemnation and reproach.
Also, Prophet Mohammed-mercy be upon him-
said:" Believers are like the whole body".
Similarly, Al Hassan, Ataa', Al Suddi and Al
Jubbaii stated on this issue.
دد ﴿قولدد ت،دد لو -3 دد ر إر المدد و تقتمددوا أنممدد . iii ﴾احيم ك
ددلل وهددلا ليددل صددايك لمددو تحدداي قتددل الممددم لنممدد ا و قتم لغياص مر الممممير.
تقتمددوا و ﴿ - احمدد ال -قدد ل اآللومدد أ ﴾ أنممدد لدددر المنهددد الددد ،ل لدددر ول دددا ،ضددد كا ،ضددد يقتدددل
" الحد يا د وا وقد الزجداا د لمم لغح ألنمس قتمه لددددو" (iv) الواحدددد دددد لنمس الم منددددور الحمددددر لهددددل هددددلا وا
. v والج والم ول Second issue: The prophetic tradition
"Sunna". Many texts of sound Hadiths have clearly stated
that it is unlawful to kill Muslims, shed their
blood, or causing harm to them in general at all
levels, as seen in the following texts:
نف: السنة النبوية الشريفة.المطلب الثاال، يدد مددر النصددوم الح ي يددح الصددحيحح التدد ،لقدد وا
و المنددع قتدل الممددم ا وتحدداي مدم مدد ا صداح، تحددايمددددددر إلحدددددد ل الضدددددداا لممددددددم شددددددل لدددددد لمددددددو جميددددددع
توي ،ا ومر لل م يم المم1- On authority of Ibn Masoud- May Allah be
pleased with him-who said: The messenger
of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him- said: The blood of a Muslim may not be legally split other than in one of three (instances): the married person who commits adultery; a life for a life; and one who forsakes his religion and abandons the community.
What is elicited from this Hadith is: Prophet –
PBUH- has clarified the instances where a
Muslim preserved blood can be shed, and this
indicates that it is unlawful to shed the blood of
a Muslim except for cases stated in the Hadith.
To illustrate, prophet Mohammed begun the
Hadith by saying: (may not be legally split)
and then he mentioned the exception particle "
Istithnaa", and it is known that exception
proceeded by a negation indicates limitation as
it is agreed upon scholars.
لدددر ل دددد ال ددددر ممدددد،و اضدددد ال ت،دددد لو لندددد -1 ال لميدددد ومددددم قدددد ل قدددد ل امددددول ال صددددمو
ممددددم يشدددده أ إلدددد إ ال وأندددد يحددددل امددددا امدددددددول ال إ إحددددددد ددددددد ا ال يدددددددل الزانددددددد ا والددنمس دد لنمسا والتدد ا ل يندد الممدد ال لمجم لددح
vi . صددمو ال لميدد -وجدد ال لددح مددر هددلا الحدد يا أر الن دد
دددير األمددد ل التددد ت ددديك قتدددل الممدددم الم،صدددو - ومدددم يدد ل لمددو أر الممددم يجددوز أر يمددم مدد ا لدد ا وممدد ا
دددد أ - -أو تمددددت ح نممدددد إ هددددلص األلددددلاا؛ ألر الن دددد ح ي ددد ددد لنم قولددد يحدددل ددد لدددا أ او ا مدددت ن ا ومدددر الم،مدددو أر ا مدددت ن إلا ددد ر ممددد وق ك ددد لنم ؛ إنددد
يمي الحصا م هو مقاا لن أهل ال،م .
2- On authority of Abu Huraira- May Allah be
pleased with him-who said: The messenger لددر أ دد هايدداو اضدد ال ت،دد لو لندد قدد ل قدد ل -2
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of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him- said:
Avoid the seven great sins,
The companions said: O
Messenger of Allah, What
are they? He said: joining
others in worship with
Allah, magic, killing a
person not in retaliation of
murder, eating usury
"Riba", devour of orphans'
substance, fleeing from the
battle field "Jihad" and
accusation of innocent
believing women.
This Hadith shows that the killing of preserved
person is one of the deadly sins that makes the
sinner subject to the punishment of Allah and leads
to entering hell.
المو قدددددد ،ا " اجتن ددددددوا المدددددد ع - -امددددددول ال قددد ل الشدددا ددد لا اقددد لوا يددد امدددول ال ومددد هدددر
والمدددحاا وقتدددل الدددنمس التددد حدددا ال إ ددد لحلا وأل الا ا وأل م ل اليتدي ا والتدول يدو الزحد ا
. 1 "وقل الغ ، الم من ،
أر قتل الدنمس الم،صدومح ي،ت دا مدر ق ير هلا الح يا
ددد ا الدددلنول المهمدددح التددد ت،دددال صددد ح ه ل،قددد ل ال وت،ت ا م ك مر أم ل خول جهن .
3- On authority of Jabir Bin Abdullah- May
Allah be pleased with him-who said: The
messenger of Allah -peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him- said:
Whosoever fails a Muslim in
a position where he is
profaned and dishonored;
Allah Shall fail him in a
position where he needs to
be supported. And
whosoever supports a
Muslim in a position where
he is profaned and
dishonored; Allah shall
support him in a position
where he needs to be
supported.
Moral of this Hadith: Prophet
Mohammed –PBUH- clarified the
consequences of failing a Muslim brother
in this life and the hereafter once he needs
a hand. And this is a clear indication that it
is unlawful to fail Muslims and not support
them. In contrast, Muslims shall stand by
the side of their Muslim brothers, support
them in attaining their rights, and support
them with money, men in any other
possible ways.
قدد ل لددر جدد ا ددر ل دد ال اضدد ال لنهمدد قدد ل -3امدددول ال صدددمو ال لميددد ومدددم " مددد مدددر امددددا ا يخدددلل امددداأك ممدددمم ك ددد موضدددع تنتهددد يددد حامتددد ا وينددتقم يدد مددر لاضدد ؛ إ خللدد ال دد مددو ر يحل يد نصدات ا ومد مدر امدا ينصدا ممدمم ك د موضدددع يندددتقم يددد مدددر لاضددد ا وينتهددد يددد مدددر
. 1 "حامت ؛ إ نصاص ال مو ر يحل نصات
ددددير -صددددمو ال لميدددد ومددددم -وجدددد ال لددددح أر الن دددد ال،ق ل ال نيو وال،ق ل األخاو لمو مر خلل أخ ص الممدم ددد وقددد، الضددد، ا ووقددد، الح جدددح إلدددو النصددداوا و ددد هدددلا لددح واضددحح لمددو تحدداي خددل ر الممددممير ولدد نصدداته ووجددددول الوقددددو جدددد ن ه ا مددددع تلييدددد ه دددد أخددددل حقددددوقه ا وموام ته لم ل والنمس و جميع الوم ل األخا الممنح.
4- On authority of Jarir Bin Abdullah Al
Bujali- May Allah be pleased with him,
who said: The messenger of Allah -peace
لر جايا ر ل ال ال جم اض ال لن ق ل -4مدددر " -صدددمو ال لميددد ومدددم -قددد ل امدددول ال
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and blessings of Allah be upon him- said:
Whosoever made in Islam a
good innovation shall have
its credit and the credits of
those following him/her
without lessen their credits.
And Whosoever made in
Islam an ill innovation shall
have its credit and the
credits of those following
him/her without lessen their
credits.
Moral of this Hadith: Whosoever made a
good or evil deed shall bear the
consequences of this deed. If this deed was
good, he/she shall be awarded and have
like the award of all those who follow
him/her. And similarly, those who innovate
a bad deed shall be punished by bearing
their sins and have sins like those who
follow them. And therefore, this wall is
considered to be a new innovation
regarding the borders of neighboring
countries as the construction of the iron
wall between two neighboring countries
hardly could exist between neighboring
countries around the world. And this action
is considered to be a bad action from many
sides that this research is going to shed
light on.
م أجاه ا وأجا مدر ؛ اإلم منح حمنحمر لمل ه مر ، ص مر ويا أر ينقم مر أجواه
ر لمي ؛ش ا ومر مر اإلم منح مي حوزاهددد ا ووزا مدددر لمدددل هددد مدددر ويدددا أر يدددنقم
. 1 "مر أوزااه ش
وجددد ال لدددح أر أ إنمددد ر ي،مدددل لمددد ك مدددر خيدددا أو شددداا ال،مدددل ال،مدددل؛ دددإر ددد ر للددد حمدددل ت ،ددد ، هدددلالميددد أر يت
خياا؛ك أجا لمو لمم وحصل لمو م دل دوال الدلير يقتد ور لل مر ا ت ا لم ك مي ك؛ إند ي دو ايل الخياا و إ للد ال،مدلا وم دل إ د مدر اقتد د ا لدلا يمنند القدول ددلر ندد الجدد اا المددو ل ددير الدد ولتير المتجدد واتير يدد
جميع أنح ال، ل دير الد ول المتجد واوا لدلا ي،ت دا يوج هدددلا الجدددد اا لددددحك ج يدددد وك يمددد يت،مددددل لحدددد و ددددير الدددد ول المتجددد واوا وهدددلا ال،مدددل ي،ت دددا لمددد ك مدددي ك مدددر خددد ل أ ،ددد
ياو ميت تممي الضو لميه مر خ ل هلا ال حا.
5- On authority of Abu Bakra Al Thaqafi-
May Allah be pleased with him-who said:
The messenger of Allah -peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him- said: Whoever killed a Mu'ahid (a
person who is granted the
pledge of protection by the
Muslims) shall not smell the
fragrance of Paradise though
its fragrance can be smelt at a
distance of forty years (of
traveling)".
Moral of this Hadith: Prophet
Mohammed –PBUH- has definitely
clarified that it is unlawful to kill a
contracted free non Muslims and regarded
this as one of the great sins, and its
punishment is a clear proof of this. With
greater reason, what is the penalty of the
killer of a Muslim: either in direct way by
attacking him/her or in indirect way by
doing something that leads to the death of
this Muslim whose life is preserved from
لددر أ دد دداو ال قمدد اضدد ال ت،دد لو لندد قدد ل -5مر قتل " -صمو ال لمي ومم -ق ل امول ال
ر اا حدح ا غيا حقه ل ياح اا حح الجندح اك م، ه وا . 1 "الجنح لتوج مر ممياو م ح ل صدمو ال لميد -وج ال لح مدر هدلا الحد يا أر الن د
ل الددددنمس الم، هدددد وا ددددير شددددل قدددد ع تحدددداي قتدددد -ومددددم والت اهدد مددر دد ا الددلنول؛ دد ليل ال،قو ددح المتات ددح لمددو تمددد الجايمدددحا يددد ،قو دددح مدددر يقتدددل نممددد ك ممدددممح إمددد مددد م،دددل شددد ايقدددح م شددداو لتددد ا لميهددد م شددداو وا يدور مدد ك دد قتددل تمدد الددنمس الممددممح التدد لصددمه ال
وحا ا لت ا لميه ؟!
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killing by Allah?
6- On authority of Aisha- May Allah be
pleased with her-who said: The messenger
of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be
upon him- said:
Gabriel keeps on counseling
me of the neighbor till I
thought that he is going to
inherit him.
Moral of this Hadith: This Hadith stresses on the
prophetic direction of neighbors, and treat them
kindly even if Christians and Jews. And with
greater reason, Muslim neighbors are more
entitled?! They have the same religion, worship
one God, and have the same concerns, pains and
hopes. Undoubtedly, this indicates the stress on
neighbors’ right, and gravity of the sin resultant
from harming neighbors either in a direct or
indirect way.
Writers of Prophet Mohammed’s history
mentioned that the Prophet –Peace Be Upon Him-
had a Jew neighbor, and the prophet used to be
kind to him. One day, the Jew neighbor fell ill, so
the prophet visited him and this confirms the
neighbors’ right that the Holy Quran and Prophetic
traditions “Sunna” have called for.
لدددد، قدددد ل لددددر ل شددددح اضدددد ال ت،دددد لو لنهدددد ق -6مدد زال ج ايددل " امددول ال صددمو ال لميدد ومددم
. 1 "يوصين لج ا حتو رنن، أن ميوا وج ال لح مر هلا الح يا أن ي لمدو شد و الوصد يح
الجد ا مددر للدد لجد اا وم، ممتد إلحمدد ر حتدو لددو د ر الج ا مممم ك؟! ي ير ير لل لو ر ي أهل الت لا
واح هو وج اص وي، ور ا ك واح اكا ويحممور نمس الهمو ا لمدددددو لرددددد يدددد ل واآل ا واآلمدددد لا هدددددلا يدددد ل ددددد ايدددددل
للددد الوصددد يح لجددد اا ولرددد الدددلنل المتاتدددل لمدددو إيدددلا الج اا واإلضااا شل م شاا أو ويا م شا.
ال لميد ومدم صدمو -وق لدا أصدح ل المديا أر الن د د ر الن د - -لميد الصد و والمد - ر ل جد ا يهدو ا و
يحمدددر إليددد ا مدددال للددد اليهدددو يومددد كا دددلهل الن ددد واصا تليد اك لمدو حدل الجد اا الدل صمو ال لمي ومم يز
. 1 أوصو القاآر الاي والمنح الن ويح7- On the authority of Anas –May Allah be
pleased with him-who said: The messenger
of Allah-peace and blessing of Allah be
upon him-said:
The believer is the one who
people trust nuisance, the
Muslim is one who does not
harm other Muslims by
hand or tongue, and the
immigrant is the one who
abandons evil. And I swear
by the one who holds my
soul that the servant who
harms his neighbor will not
enter Paradise.
Moral of this Hadith: This hadith includes the
basic merits that Muslims should be characterized
by, such as being meek i.e. he /she does not harm
other Muslims by speech, actions, etc. Explicitly,
this reflects that a Muslim has to do good to his
Muslim brother as much as possible.
-لر أنس اض ال لند قد ل قد ل امدول ال -7- المدد مر مددر أمندد الندد سا والممددم مددر مددم"
الممدددممور مدددر لمددد ن ويددد صا والمهددد جا مدددر هجدددا المددو ا والددل نممدد يدد ص يدد خل ل دد الجنددح
. 1 يلمر ج اص وا ق "
يدد ل هددلا الحدد يا لمددو الصددم ، األم مدديح التدد ين غدد أر تدددور ددد الممدددم ا ومنهددد أر يدددور ممددد لم ك لمممدددممير يضدداه ددل شددل مددر األشدد لا مددوا لددر ايددل الممدد ر أو لدددر ايدددل اليددد ا وهدددلا يددد ل وضدددوح لمدددو وجدددول أر يحمددددر الممددددم إلددددو أخيدددد الممددددم قدددد ا اإلمدددد را ولمددددو
حمل ا مت لح.
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8- On the authority of Abullah Bin Umar –
May Allah be pleased with him- that
Prophet Mohammed- Peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him-said:
A Muslim is the brother of
a Muslim; he neither
oppresses nor does he fail
him. Whosoever aids his
Muslim brother, Allah will
aid him. Whosoever
removed a worldly grief
from a believer, Allah will
remove from him one of the
grieves of the Day of
Judgment. Whosoever
shields a Muslim, Allah will
shield him in the Day of
Judgment.
Moral of this Hadith: This hadith reflects the
credit for the Muslim who helps his Muslim
brothers, relieves them and calms their pains.
Additionally, it shows that it is forbidden to wrong
Muslims, or hand them to their enemies who plot
conspiracies to destruct Islam and wipe out Islamic
beliefs in the hearts of believers.
Unquestionably, these explicit sound Hadiths
prove that this wall is considered to be a severe
oppression against the besieged Palestinians in the
Gaza strip. Also, it is a betrayal of Muslims
through increasing the strength of the Israeli
enemy and tightening the grip around resistance
movements in Gaza, violation of the right of
neighbors that Islam emphasizes on. Last but not
least, it is a deliberate fail of Muslim brothers as
they are unconcerned regarding actions taking
place and the passions of this poor nation that
increase day by day.
ل دد ال ددر لمددا اضدد ال لنهمدد أر امددول لددر -8الممدم أخدو الممدم ا "ال صمو ال لمي ومم قد ل
ومدددر ددد ر ددد ح جدددح أخيددد ا ا يرممددد ا و يمدددمم ومدر داج لدر ممدم ا دح داج ا ر ال ح جتد
ومدددر مدددتا اال لنددد ا دددح مدددر ا ددد ، يدددو القي مدددح . 1 "مممم متاص ال يو القي مح
لمدددددو ال دددددوال المتاتدددددل لمدددددو الحددددد يا أيضددددد ك يددددد ل هدددددلامم ل و الممم ألخي الممدم ا و دوال مدر مد،و د تمداي
ددير أيضددد ك مدد ا دد ، الممددمميرا والتخميدد مدددر آ مهدد ا مدددد م ألل ا دددد الددددلير يتا صددددور تحدددداي رمدددد الممددددم ا وا الددد وا ا لممدددمميرا وييددد ور الم ددد لهددد ولدددح اإلمددد
ا ال،قي و اإلم ميح مر ص وا ال، .ونز
هلص األح يا الصدحيحح ال دو،ا والصدايحح ال لدح ت دير
الجد اا ي،ت دا رممد ك يدااك للد م يد ا مجد ك لمشد أر لمشدد،ل المممدد ين المح صددا دد ق دد ا وددزوا و يدد أيضدد ك إمدد الممددم ألخيدد الممددم مددر خدد ل زيدد و ق ضددح ال،دد و اليهو ا وتش ي الخن ل لمو اق ح المق ومح وزوا و ي
ليهدد ا وأدد لميهدد إإخدد ل حقددول الجدد ا التدد ن دد اإلمدد يضددد ك خدددل ر واضدددك مدددر ق ددددل ددد أح يدددا يددداوا و يددد أ
األخدددددوو الممدددددممير ددددد لددددد اتددددداا ه مددددد يجدددددا ا ولددددد ، يو لمو هلا الشد،ل اهتم مه آل الت تز ا يوم ك
الممير.
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Third Issue: Consensus of Islamic legal
scholars.
Scholars of the Islamic nation in all times have
agreed that a Muslim shall support the Muslim
brother, especially if he was oppressed. Also, they
agreed that the entire Islamic nation shall stop
invaders and fight them.
Muslim scholars have agreed that the Muslim
Palestine occupied since long time by Zionists
must be liberated by Muslims. Furthermore, they
have to aid its people, stop oppression and
alleviate the pains inflected upon by this brutal
enemy. Therefore, Jihad is an obligation for all
Muslims, everyone according to his/her efforts and
abilities in order to purify this blessed country
from the cruel Zionists. The existence of the wall
increases obstacles that hinder the realization of
this aim, and this violates the consensus of
Muslims.
المطلب الثال : اإلجماع
اتمدددل لممددد األمدددح اإلمددد ميح قددد يم كا وحددد ي ك لمدددو وجدددول نصدداو الممددم ألخيدد الممددم ا مدديم إلا دد ر مرمومدد كا مدد ور يدد ا اإلمدد ؛ ان،قدد اإلجمدد ا لمددو أندد إلا وددزا المشددا
1 قت له و ،ه .وجل لمو األمح مه ص ه ا و وقدد أجمددع الممددممور لمددو أر ممدد ير الممددممح التدد احتمهدد اليهددو منددل زمددر يتحددت لمددو جميددع الممددممير الت،دد ور وحشدد الجهو مر أجل تحاياه ا ومم ل و أهمه ؛ لا ع الرم لنه ا وتخمي اآل الت ت،اضوا له لمو يد هدلا ال،د و المجدا ا
قددد صددد ا ايضدددح لينيدددح لمدددو ومدددر هنددد نقدددول دددلر الجهددد جميددع الممددممير ددل قدد ا جهدد صا وامددت لت ؛ لت هيددا هددلص ددح مددر اليهددو المجدداميرا ووجددو الجدد اا يزيدد األال الم امدددر ال،وا دددل التددد تحدددول ور تحقيدددل هدددلص الغ يدددحا ويخددد ل
إجم ا الممممير. Fourth Issue: Juristic reasoning
"deduction". The opinion of Islamic Sharea laws on the wall’s
case can be elicited through the use of Juristic
reasoning, as follows:
First: Equivalency of Killing and
Imprisonment: It is known that captivation of the animal and
killing it by depriving it of food and drink till its
death is considered as one of the great deadly sins,
as the hadith about the woman who imprisoned a
cat and deprived it from food and drink till its
death and accordingly she was punished by
entering hell. Hence, this severe penalty i.e.
entering hell- for killing an animal by imprisoning
it. With a greater reason, what is the penalty for
confining a human being?! And what is the penalty
of imprisoning a million and a half Muslim human
beings through barbed wires, and tightening the
siege more and more by constructing the iron
wall?!
.المطلب الرابع: القياس
يمننددد امتيضددد ح الحددد الشدددال ددد قضددديح الجددد اا مدددر خ ل امتخ ا ليل القي سا ولل م يم
أوال: القياس علك القتل بالحبس.مدددر الم،مدددو أر حددد س الحيدددوارا وقتمددد لدددر ايدددل من،ددد
ايمدددو، ي،ت دددا مدددر ددد ا الدددلنولال ،ددد ا والشددداال حتدددو م ل لمو لل ح يا المداأو التد ح مد، الهداو ومن،تهد مددر ال ،ددد والشددداال حتدددو م تددد،ا نددد، لقو تهددد خدددول
لا قمندد 1 الندد ا تغمددير ال،قو ددح دد خول الندد ا لمددو مددر ا وا تدددور ال،قو دددح المتات دددح لمدددو يددد قتدددل الحيدددوار ح مددد ا
دح المتات دح لمدو حد س مميدور وم ال،قو ا ح س اإلنم ر؟! إنم ر ممم لر ايدل حصد اص ألمد المميور ونص
الشددد حا وتشددد ي الحصددد ا أ دددا دددل ا لدددر ايدددل نددد .الج اا المو ل ؟!
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Second: Equivalency to killing for Bearing
Witness for Falsehood: Egypt’s siege basing on false allegation are
equivalent to the death penalty of the person who,
intentionally, bears witness for falsehood against a
Muslim leading to the death of this innocent
person or pay all money lost if the harm affects the
money. In this context, Al Shaabi narrates that
(two men witnessed before Ali-May Allah be
pleased with him-that a man has stolen money. So,
Ali ordered to cut the man’s hand .Then, the two
men came and said that they were wrong and the
man was not the thief. Ali says: “If I knew that you
intended to do this, I would have cut your hands”)
and no one of the Companions has opposed this
opinion, so there is a consensus.
Bearing Witness for Falsehood in this
context appears in two sides: 1. Allegations that drugs come from Egypt to
the Gaza Strip through the tunnels, and this
is untrue since all evidence reveal that:
there are no planting or manufacturing of
drugs as the strip witnesses safety and
stability.
2. Statements said here and there about the
violation of the Egyptian sovereignty on its
lands, or threat of the Egyptian national
security. In fact, both are refuted as Gaza
strip is considered to be the protection of
the sovereignty and national security of
Egypt against the occupying Israeli entity.
All these testimonies based upon in
building the iron wall are falsehood
witnesses, and what is built on foul is foul,
and accordingly the construction of the iron
wall is based on invalid evidence that
causes harm to a whole nation.
ثانيا: القياس علك القتل بش.ادة الزورمددر شدده لمددو إنمدد ر شدده و زواا قتددل مرمومدد ك مدد ل
إلا ت،مدد للدد ا أو يضددمر ؛ا إندد يقددتم مندد تمدد شدده ت م تم مدر م لد إلا لحدل األمدا لمد ل لمد او الشد،
لمدددو اجدددل اضددد ال لنددد أر اجمددير شددده ا لنددد لمددد قددد أخ لنددد لددديس هدددلا هددددو لمددداقحا ق ،ددد ا ددد لددد اا
؛لدددددددددو لممدددددددد، أنمدددددددد ت،مددددددددد تم " قدددددددد ل لمدددددددد المدددددددد ال؛"((لق ،تمددددددد
ا و مخددددددد ل لددددددد ددددددد الصدددددددح ح يدددددددور 1 إجم ل ك.
وتظ.ر صورة ش.ادة الزور هنا من وج.ين:
الدددد لو ددددلر المخدددد اا، تصددددل مددددر ق دددد ا وددددزو إلددددو -1ويددددا صددددحيك؛ ألر ددددل للدددد مصددددا ل ددددا األنمدددد لا
وجدد دد ق دد ا وددزو زاالددح أو ت لندد الدد ل تقددولمدددر أمدددر يشددده ص ق ددد ا ودددزو ا لمددد تصددنيع لممخددد اا،
. وامتقااامدددد صدددد ا دددد هددددلا الج نددددل مددددر أقددددوال هندددد وهندددد -2
نتهدددد المددددي و المصددددايح لمددددو أااضدددديه ا أو ته يدددد يشدده أر الددل الواقددعي دد ص األمددر القددوم المصددا ا
ا ودددزو يم دددل مددد اك مني،ددد ك لممح ردددح لمدددو مدددي و ق ددد مصاا وأمنه القوم مر الي ر اليهو المحتل.
وهلص الشه ا، الت ت ا متن إليه ند الجد اا إنمد ه شه ا، زواا وم ن لمو دل هدو دلا ولميد إر ن الجد اا ممدتن إلدو ليدل دل يت،د ضدااص إلدو
. 1 ش،ل لمم
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Fifth Issue: Juristic principles. Islamic legal scholars set out comprehensive legal
rules that include many partial legal judges; some
of these rules that can be relied on determining the
legal judge of the iron wall are mentioned
hereunder:
First Rule: Damage has to be left It is well known that the Palestinian people have
faced many attempts to break its will and
steadfastness made by the Occupying enemy, such
as imposing a tightened siege on those people from
all sides: sea, land and air borders. Therefore,
Islamic countries, in general, and neighboring
countries, in particular, have to unite and co-
operate aiming at lifting this damage caused by the
strict siege imposed on those poor people, based on
the rule of “Damage has to be left”.
Second Rule: Bearing the Private Harm to
lift the General Harm Based on this rule: all statements and allegations
which claim that reasons lying behind the wall’s
construction is the damage caused to Egypt by
tunnels dug at the frontier area are refuted by
saying that if these allegations are true harm
caused by tunnels can never be compared with
harm fall on upon the Palestinian People by the
construction of this iron wall. In case of Egypt, the
harm touches some individuals or small groups.
However, for Palestinian People harm falls on all
members of the society.
Third Rule: Necessities justify Prohibitions . This legal rule justifies digging tunnels through
which lots of basic commodities and medicines
enter the Gaza Strip.
المطلب الخامس: القواعد الفق.ية يددااك مددر ،لقدد مدد ا ال،ممدد قوالدد قهيددح ج م،ددح تضددمن
القوالددد التددد يمدددر تمددد األحددد الشددداليح الجز يدددحا ومدددر ا مددددتن إليهدددد دددد م،ا ددددح الحدددد الشددددال ل ندددد الجدددد اا
-المو ل م يم 1 أوال: قاعدة " الضرر يزال"
مدددددر الم،مدددددو أر الشددددد،ل المممددددد ين ت،دددددال ل يدددددا مدددددر هددد مدددا اايدددح ؛المحددد و ، التددد نمدددله ال،ددد و المحتدددل
المحدد و ، ددال الحصددد ا تمددد المق ومددح والصددمو ا ومددر ال حايددح وال ايددح المشدد لمددو الشدد،ل مددر جميددع الجهدد ،
ميح لمومد ك و ول ولدلل وجدل لمدو الد ول اإلمد ؛والجويح هدددد إزالددددح هددددلا ؛الجددددواا خصوصدددد ك التدددد ت ا والت،دددد ور
الضددددداا مدددددر جددددداا الحصددددد ا الشددددد ي لدددددر هدددددلا الشددددد،ل ن ك لمو ق ل و "الضاا يزال". ؛الممير
ثانياااا: قاعااادة " يتحمااال الضاااارر الخااااص لااادةع الضاااارر
. 1 العام" ند ك لمددو هدلص الق لدد و نقدول ددلر األقدوال والمددزال التدد
تدد ل ددلر المدد ل دد ندد هددلا الجدد اا هددو تضدداا مصددا الشدددددقيقح مدددددر وجدددددو األنمددددد ل التددددد حمدددددا، ددددد المن قددددددح
المددزال لدد ر تمدد لندد لددو صدد ق، يمنندد الددا الح و يددحا الضاا الواقع م ل وجو األنم ل يقد ار حجد الضداا الواقع لمو الشد،ل المممد ين ند هدلا الجد ااا لضداا الواقع لمو ،ل األ داا د جمهوايدح مصدا الشدقيقح إنمد
ينمدددد الضدددداا الواقددددع ايتندددد ول أ دددداا اك أو جم لدددد ، صددددغياومد هلا الش،ل لمو الش،ل الممم ين يتن ول جميع أ اا
.أجمع
. 1 ثالثا: قاعدة "الضروراخ المحظوراخ"يمر ا مت ل هلص الق ل و المقهيح لمو ت ايا حما األنم ل الت لر ايقه ت خل ال يا مر الموا الغلا يح وال وا إلدو
ق ا وزو.
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Sixth Issue: Construction of the wall:
Hurting the Palestinian resistance and its
members.
Many verses of the holy Quran and the prophetic
traditions urge Muslims to fight in the cause of
Allah due to the fruitful results of performing
Jihad for the entire Islamic nation, such as the
following text:
المطلاااب الساااادس: بناااا الجااادار ضااارار بالمقاوماااة ورجاالت.ا:
لق وا ، ال يا مر نصوم القداآر الداي والمدنح الن ويدح الت تحل الممممير لمو القي مايضح الجه م يل ال لز وجدلا وللد لمد يتاتدل لمدو إق مدح ايضدح الجهد مددر مصدد لك لرمددو لسمددح اإلمدد ميح مهدد جم،دد ا ومددر
-هلص النصوم م يم
First: Verses of the Holy Quran: 1- Allah- May He be glorified-
says:﴾Permission to fight (against
disbelievers) is given to those
(believers) who are fought against,
because they have been wronged;
and surely, Allâh is Able to give them
(believers) victory﴿ .
2- Allah-May He be glorified-
says:﴾March forth, whether you are
light (being healthy, young and
wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and
poor), and strive hard with your
wealth and your lives in the Cause of
Allâh. This is better for you, if you
but know﴿.
3- Allah- May He be glorified- says:﴾O
you who believe! Fight those of the
disbelievers who are close to you, and
let them find harshness in you; and
know that Allâh is with those who
are Al-Muttaqûn (the pious.) ﴿ .
: أوال: اآلياخ القرآنيةر قولدد ت،دد لو ﴿ -1 ألر لمددلير يقدد تمور ددلنه رممددوا وا
1 ﴾الم لمو نصاه لق يا قول ت، لو ﴿ -2 انماوا خم ك و ق ك وج ه وا لموال
م يل الم 1 ﴾وأنمم ان يا:﴿ قول ت،د لو -3 ين يلواونكوم مي ين آمنواوا قااتيلووا الاحي أي.ا الاحي
لظة واعلمووا أن الله مع الموتقيين دووا ةييكوم غي 1 ﴾الكوفاري وليجي
Second: The Prophetic Traditions
“Hadith”: 1- Prophet Mohammed- Peace and
Blessings Be Upon Him-was asked
what are the best deeds? he said:
believing in Allah and His messenger.
The man said: What’s next? The
prophet said: Jihad for Allah’s sake.
He was asked: What comes after? He
said: pilgrimage.
2- On authority of Abu Huraira- May Allah
be pleased with him-who said: The
messenger of Allah -peace and
ثانيا: األحادي النبوية:
م ل الن صمو ال لمي و مم أ األلم ل -1 ؟أ ضددل قدد ل إيمدد ر دد ل وامددول قدد ل دد مدد لا
؟قيدل د مد لا " د الجهد د مد يل ال "ق ل (1) " ح م اوا "ق ل
الن دددد لددددر اضدددد ال لندددد هايدددداو أ دددد لددددر -2
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blessings of Allah be upon him- said:
Allah has rewarded those
whosoever come forth to
strive in His Cause, because
he believes in Allah and His
messengers, by what he
gains of credits or plunder ,
or He will enter Paradise.
Since I would not like to
tire my Ummah, I would
never stayed behind an
expedition , and I wish that
I would be killed in the
Cause of Allah, then return
to life again and be killed,
and return to life again and
be killed.
3- On authority of Abu Huraira- May Allah
be pleased with him-who said: The
messenger of Allah -peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him- said:
A man came to the Messenger of Allah-May
Mercy and Blessings Be Upon Him- and
said: tell me about a deed that equals Jihad,
the prophet said: I couldn’t find an
equivalent and he said: Can you, once the
fighter (Mujahid) goes to fight, you enter
the mosque and stay all the nights praying
and fast all the days without eating. The
man said: No one can do that”
These verses from the holy Quran and the sound
prophetic Hadiths clearly indicate the importance
of fighting in the Cause of Allah and credits of
doing this duty. Additionally, they show that Jihad
in the Cause of Allah is considered to be one of the
greatest duties that Allah commands his Muslim
servants to do. Without doing this duty properly,
there will be no honor or empowerment for
Muslims or performance of ceremonies of Allah.
It is worth mentioning that: the iron wall causes
much severe damage that negatively affect this
great religious duty, which are illustrated as
follows:
1- It eliminates and hinders Jihad and
لمدددر ال انتددد ل " قددد ل ومدددم ا لميددد ال صدددمو ددددد إيمددددد ر إ يخاجددددد مددددد يم ا ددددد خددددداج
أجاا مر ن ل م أاج، ا أر امم ا وتص يل لمدو أشل أر ولو الجنح أ خم أو ونيمحاا أو
أقتل أن ولو ، مايحاا خم ق، ، م أمت دد أحيدد دد أقتددلا دد أحيدد دد الا مدد يل دد (1)"أقتل
جدددد قدددد ل لندددد ا ال اضدددد هايدددداو أ دددد لددددر -3
ومددددم ا لميددد ال صددددمو ال امدددول إلددددو اجدددل " قد ل الجهد ا ي،د ل لملا لمو لن ق ل أر المج ه ا خاج إلا تمت يعا هل ق ل أج ص
و وتصددددو تمتدددداا و تقددددو ممددددج تدددد خل vii "لل يمت يع ومر ق ل "تم ا
واألح يددددا الن ويددددح الصددددحيحح تدددد ل هددددلص اآليدددد ، القاآنيددددح شل واضك لمو أهميدح الجهد د مد يل الا و ضديمت ا وال وال المتاتل لمو القيد هدلص المايضدحا وتد ل لمدو أر الجهدددد دددد مددددد يل ال ي،ت ددددا مددددر ألرددددد المدددداا ل التددددد ا تاضددده ال لدددز وجدددل لمدددو ل ددد ص الممدددمميرا ددد لددددزو
الا و إق مدح لشد، ا ال لمممممير و تمير له د األ إ لقي هلص المايضح لمو الوج األمل.
أر هدددلا الجددد اا المدددو ل أيضددد ك إليددد وممددد يجددد ا التن يددد
يمدد ل يددااك مددر األضددااا ال،ريمددح التدد تدد ا مددم ك لمددو هلص المايضح الا نيحا ومر هلص األضااا م يم
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37 | P a g e
resistance;
2- It hurdles the arrival of relief, supply
and requirements needed for
Muslimfighters (Mujahideen);
3- It aids the Zionist enemy in tightening
the siege on the Gza Strip either by a
direct or indirect way;
4- It increases concepts of division
promulgated by enemies of Islam, and
weakens the unity of the Islamic
territories;
5- It alleviates burdens put on the
shoulders on the Zionist enemy, and
secures an area where no military
operations can take place;
6- It weakens resistance, besieges the
means of getting arms, exhausts
resistance powers and increases costs of
military preparations in addition to the
actual shortage in this side;
7- It blocks the way recently and in future
on the face of faithful sons of the
Muslim Nation who aim to reach
Palestine and perform the duties of
fighting in the Cause of Allah and
participate in resistance.
Accordingly, instead of constructing the iron wall,
Egypt was supposed to conjugate its efforts,
resources and costs to support resistance and fight
in the Cause of Allah (Jihad), in order to preserve
religion, honor, sacred places and the Umma
(nation).
ومح والجه .أن يم ه قتل وت، يل ألم ل المق -1ي ل ل وصدول اإلو دحا واإلمد ا ا والمت م د ، -2
الجه يح لممج ه ير.
يش ا ايقح أو لخا ال، و الصدهيون د تشد ي -3 الحص ا لمو ق ا وزو.
يددداس الم،ددد ن والممددد هي التماقيدددح التددد ي هددد ألددد ا -4 اإلم ا ويشت، وح و األااض اإلم ميح.
قددد و لمدددو ال،ددد و الصدددهيون ا يخمددد مدددر األل ددد المم -5وي مر ل من قح يضمر منهد لد حصدول ال،مميد ،
الجه يح.
يضدد، المق ومددحا ويح صددا ددال وومدد ل الحصددول -6لمددو المدد حا ويمددتنز قدد ، المق ومددحا ويزيدد مددر تددد لي اإللددد ا اوددد المقدددا والشدددك الموجدددو ددد هدددلا
الج نل.
األمدددح يمدد ال ايدددل دد الحددد ل والممدددتق ل لمددو أ نددد -7اإلم ميح المخمصير لموصول إلو ممد ير مدر أجدل
الجه والمق ومح.
ومدر هند د ر الواجدل د ل ند الجد اا المدو ل أر توجد ؛ال قدددد ، واإلم ندددد ، والتدددد لي لدددد ل المق ومددددح والجهدددد
الدد ير والددنمس وال،ددال والشددا والمق مدد ، حم ردد ك لمددو وال .
Seventh Issue: Different sides of
constructing the wall.
Once tackling the question of the wall, it would be
found out that it has other sides rather than the
juristic one, which was tackled earlier. These are:
the humanitarian, Arab, national and neighboring
sides, that this research is going to shed light on,as
follows:
المطلب السابع: األبعاد المختلفة لبنا الجدارلددو نراندد إلدددو ممددللح الجددد اا لوجدد ن أر لهددد أ ،دد اك أخدددا
تمدد ويددا ال ،دد الشددال الددل تدد الحدد يا لندد آنمدد ك ومددر ال ،د و األ ، ال ، اإلنم ن ال ، ال،ا ال ، القوم
اإلمددد م ،ددد الجدددوااا ومدددو يدددت تمدددمي الضدددو لمدددو -األ ، م يم تم
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First: The Humanitarian Dimension:
Allah-May He be glorified- has created this human
being and made him His successor on this earth, to
populate and reform .This perfect wisdom has
been declared in the Holy Quran as Allah Says:
﴾And (remember) when your Lord said to the
angels: "Verily, I am going to place (mankind)
generations after generations on earth." They said:
"Will You place therein those who will make
mischief therein and shed blood, – while we
glorify You with praises and thanks and sanctify
You." He (Allâh) said: "I know that which you do
not know." This verse shows that the purpose lies
behind the existence of human beings is populating
the earth. This reformation cannot be done
perfectly unless a human co-operates with his
human brother, as all human beings are connected
by a common bond which is the humane fraternity
bond. In fact, the Holy Quran and the prophetic
traditions “Sunna” stress on this particular concept.
It is like what Allah- May He be glorified- says:
﴾And indeed We have honoured the Children of
Adam, and We have carried them on land and
sea, and have provided them with At-Tayyibât
(lawful good things), and have preferred them
to many of those whom We have created with a
marked preferment. ﴿
Al Alousi, a great Muslim scholar, said: “that We
have honor and various advantages them all: pious
believers, wicked disbelievers and people in
between.
{Preferred { it was said it means: the mentioned
honor in the Quranic verse {To many of those
whom We have created with a marked preferment
{which is great, i.e. this is allocated only to them
in comparison with the many other creatures,
which were not privileged as the human beings.
Al Alousi said: “What is meant by the human
being is the race which includes both believers and
disbelievers, and the exception in the verse affirms
this which indicates connection”.
On the authority of Huthaifa Bin Al Yaman –May
Allah be pleased with him- said: The messenger
of Allah -peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him- said: All of you are Sons of Adam, and
.أوال: البعد اإلنسانفاقتضددددد، حمتددددد ال لغدددددح أر -مددددد ح ن وت،ددددد لو -إر ال
يخمل هلا اإلنم ر واقتض، حمت أيض ك أر يج،م خميمحك لدددددد ي،ماهدددددد ويصددددددمحه وقدددددد جدددددد ؛ دددددد هددددددلص األال
التصدددايك هدددلص الحمدددح ال لغدددح ددد التددد ل ال،زيدددز قولددد ااال ةياااف األ ﴿ ت،ددد لو رضي وا يح قاااال رباااإل ليلمال يكاااةي يناااف جاعي
ادو ةيي.اا ويسافيإلو الادما ونحانو خلييفة قالووا أتجعلو ةيي.ا مان يوفسيإل ونوقادسو لاإل قاال يناف أعلامو ماا ال تعلموااون 1 ﴾نوسابحو بيحمادي
ق ين، هلص اآليح أر اله مر وجو ن اإلنم ر لمو ل م اهدددد و يددددت اإلصدددد ح هددددلص األال هددددو إصدددد حه وا
لمددددددو الوجدددددد الم مددددددول إ ت،دددددد ور اإلنمدددددد ر مددددددع أخيدددددد ح اإلنمدد ر حيددا إر ندد آ جمي،دد ك تددا ه اا ددح مشددتادددز القددداآر الددداي أ وهددد اا دددح األخدددوو اإلنمددد نيح وقددد ا
ندددو الددد قيل ومدددر للددد قولددد والمدددنح الن ويدددح لمدددو هدددلا الم،مندددد ندددد ت، لو ﴿ ا آ وحممندددد ه دددد ال ددددا وال حددددا ولقدددد
دددر خمقنددد يددداا مم دددمن ه لمدددو وازقندد ه مدددر ال ي ددد ، و ض . 1 ﴾تمضي ك
ه و ددد جا ه ا ددد ق دددحك ج،منددد ه أ "قددد ل اإلمددد اآللومددد
ل ن دددد هدددد يحددددي جمددددحا ومح مددددر شددددا أ ددددا لو } المددددلوا دددد لتاي أ قيددددل{ و ضددددمن ه } …الحصدددداا
يداا لمدو للدد أر والمداا ا لريمد ك { تمضدي ك خمقند ممدر .ال يا إلو لنم ح ه مخصوم
لممد مر شد مل هدو الجدنس نمد ر إل وأايد "ق ل اآللوم
صددددددحح لميدددددد وامددددددت ل ا ل دددددد ن مخصددددددوم والدددددد ا 1 "ا تص ل ي األصل رأو اا مت ن
قدد ل قدد ل وقدد وا لددر حليمددح ددر اليمدد ر اضدد ال لندد
د " ومدم لميد المد صدمو المد امول م مدر وآ آ ندو ددونر أو آ دد ه يمخدداور قددو لينتهددير تدداال لمددو أهددور لي . 1 الج، ر مر الم
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Adam was created from dust. Some people shall
stop being cherish of their fathers, otherwise they
shall be less worth than beetles in the eyes of
Allah.
On authority of Abu Huraira –May Allah be
pleased with- : (Humans are Sons of Adam and
Adam was created from dust).
The concept of preferment for the human race in
general is stated directly through the verses
mentioned earlier. This general preferment
includes all sons of Adam i.e. believer, disbeliever,
pious, wicked, black and white, and it assures the
human fraternity principle which was confirmed
by Islam in many sound Islamic texts (Holy Quran
and Hadith). So, the unjustified aggression against
the human is regarded as one of most grieve sins
because it violates the honor and preferment that
Allah has endowed upon this creature.
Furthermore, Allah has clarified to the angels that
the aim of humans’ existence is reformation not
corruption or doing mischief .Undoubtedly, killing
a human by the fellow human is regarded as a
violation of this noble reason, and the great
wisdom. Therefore, constructing the wall is an
explicit violation of these noble aims, and it should
have a humane dimension; even the whole world
has to condemn the construction of the wall as it
absolutely harms this besieged population who
have little quantities of food commodities and
medicine which can barely meet their needs.
ولددر أ دد هايدداو اضدد ال لندد ما ولدد ك ... الندد س ولدد 1 آ وآ مر تاال
ومددر خدد ل هددلص األ لددح نممددس م دد أ التدداي واضددح ك جميدد ك لجدددنس اإلنمددد ر شدددل لددد ونممدددس أيضددد ك م ددد أ التمضددديل دد اه ددا ه و دد جاه أ يضدده ل ندد آ جمي،دد ك مدد منه ووأمو ه لمو وياه مر المخموق ، األخا وهدلا التداي
د و اإلنمد نيح التد لمدو م د أ األخدو ال، والتمضيل ال، ي أقاه اإلم مدر خد ل النصدوم الشداليح الصدحيحح دإلا تقاا هلا لم أر ا لت ا لمو اإلنم ر غيا حل ي،ت ا مر
دددا هدددلا المخمدددول -لدددز وجدددل-ألرددد الم، صددد ؛ ألر ال م وا لت ا لمي مر نواقل لل التداي مد أر ال و ض
ر الهدددد مددددر وجددددو الخميمددددح ددددير لمم ددددح أ -لددددز وجددددل-اإلنمدد ر اإلصدد ح ولدديس اإل مدد و شدد أر قتددل اإلنمدد ر ألخيددد اإلنمددد ر ي،ددد مخ لمددد ك وضدددوح لدددلل الهددد المددد م ا وتمددد الحمدددح اإللهيدددح ال لغدددح ولدددلل نقدددول إر إق مدددح هدددلا الجدد اا مخ لمددح صددايحح لهددلص الم،دد ن اإلنمدد نيحا وين غدد أر
ل يجل لمو ال، ل اإلنم ن أر يمدتنا يلخل ، اك إنم ني ك؛ ن هلا الج اا؛ لم يد مدر الضداا المحقدل مدح شدايح مح صاو منل منير ي خل لميه إ القميل مر الزا وال وا المدلير يميد ر لمدد ح جدح هد ال شددا المتضدااير ضدداااك
م ل الحص ا المماول منل زمر.Second: Arab and National Dimension.
In the pre-Islamic era, Arabs used to be
characterized with a host of virtuous manners,
such as generosity, relief for the needy people, and
support the weak with all possible means. To
illustrate, strangers used to visit them at any time,
in day or night, and they used to host and
hospitalize him perfectly and with full content and
conviction, even though, they were fully aware
that this would lead to sacrifice many souls and
money, and they may encounter great dangers and
hard consequences. They were pleased with this
genuine Arab principle, and even some of them
wrote the eloquent poems tackling this topic such
.ثانيا: البعد العربف والقومف
لق ر ال،ال ق ل اإلمد يتخمقدور جممدح مدر األخد ل و دددح الممهدددو ونصددداو الحميددد و مدددر أ ازهددد خمدددل الدددا وا الض،ي ق يدلتيه الضد،ي يمتنصداه ينصداون دل م ل يه مر اإلم ني ، التد يقد اور لميهد وقد د ر يمد لمدديه الغايددل دد أ وقدد، دد ر لددي ك أو نهدد ااك يضدديمون وياموندد وقدد دد نوا يم،مددور للدد مددل الاضدد وا قتندد ا ور تم م ك أنه ق ت هد هلص الش ي الن يمح مع أنه ي ا
CCTED (IUG) \ Heba Zakaryia Ismail \ Translation diploma project 2013
40 | P a g e
as what Hatim At Tai says:
Oh Daughter of Abdullah, Malik and
the two grandfathers and the youth horse
Once you prepare food bring a companion
since I never eat alone
I am generous with those who are far or
near as I fear ill reputation
I am the servant of my guest as he still in
my host, and this is the manner of the man
إلدددو التضدددحيح يددداا مدددر األنمدددس وال يدددا مدددر األمدددوال وت،اضدده لمخدد ا لريمددح وت ،دد ، شدد قح حصددا لهدد
يل ل ومع لل ق نوا احير هلا المنه ال،ا األصوصدل األمددا يددا مددنه لددنر األشدد، ا ال ميغددحا والقصدد دددد ر ومددددر للدددد قددددول حدددد ت الاا ،ددددح التدددد مدددد ا، هدددد الا
ال الوردي والفرسي الجديني حيي ويابنة مالإل وابنة اهللي بدي اع بنة أيا وحدي آكولوه لسخو ةإنف أكيالث لهو ةالتمسف الزاد صنعخي ما حا
بعدي من األحادي ي محماخي أخاىو ةإننف قريباث أو كريما قصيا
نااف اان ومااا ثاويااا دام مااا الضاايىي لعباادو وا اللااف مي اايمةو غيرهااا خي شي (viii)العبدي
Many Arabs were known for these virtues, such as:
Hatim ATai, Abdullah Bin Jadan , A Tufeil Bin
Amr A Dousi, al Abbas Bin Abd Al Muttalib ,etc.
It is well known that those Arab used to do this
because they feel themselves as one nation that
lives in this small geographical area, has the same
Arab origin, and use the same language “Arabic
tongue”. So, they cherish due to their feeling of
belonging to Arab nation.
And therefore, contemporary Arabs are supposed
to be characterized with these great virtues that the
Arab history still preserves their great models up
till the moment. And now, Palestinians, who have
hard times, do not find any of those Arabs who
share with them the Arab bond hurry to aid them.
Instead, some of those Arab- who are supposed to
relief the needy, support the weak and feed the
poor like in the days of Hatim A Tai, etc.- tighten
the siege around the necks of poor Palestinians.
وقددد اشدددتها مدددر ال،دددال يدددا ممدددر ددد نوا متصدددمير هدددلص ددددددر جدددددد ل ر الصددددددم ،امنه حدددددد ت ال دددددد ول دددددد ال
وال ميدددل دددر لمددداو ال ومددد وال، ددد س دددر ل ددد الم مدددل . ix ووياه يا
ال،دال يم،مدور للد لشد،واه أول و يخمو لمو أح أر
ددلنه أمددح واحدد و ت،ددي دد هددلص ال ق،ددح الجغاا يددح الصددغياو يجم،هددددد لمددددد ر لا ددددد واحددددد وأصدددددل لا ددددد واحددددد هددددد
شدددددد،واه نتمدددددد هددددددلص الشددددددي ان قدددددد ك مددددددر يتممددددددور ل،او ته وقوميته ال،ا يح.
لا تقاا هدلا لمد أر ال،دال اليدو ين غد لمديه أر يتصدموا وا هددلص الصددم ، الاا ،ددح التدد مدد زال التدد ايظ ال،ا دد ح ردد ك لندد صددواه المشدداقح إلددو يومندد هددلا و الشدد،ل المممدد ين الددل يمددا مدد ل ، لصددي ح يددا أحدد اك ممددر تا دد هدد اا ددح
صدا دل يشد ال،او ح يهل ممال ك لنج و هدلا الشد،ل المحلميددد الحصددد ا مدددر ،دددل ال،دددال الدددلير يمتدددال أر يدددور لندد ه نجدد و الممهددو ونصدداو الضدد،ي وا ،دد الجدد ع مدد
ن، لمو له ح ت ال ووياص.
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Third: The Islamic Dimension.
One of the things agreed upon in Islam is the
obligation to support the Muslim brother, and the
Muslim shall be rewarded by Allah if he follows
the commands of Allah and His messenger-Peace
and Blessings Be Upon him. In fact, many verses
of the Quran and sound prophetic traditions state
the duty of Muslim towards his Muslim brother
who shares with him the same religion, prophet
and holy book and agrees with him on the great
aims that every Muslim tries to realize. And this
indicates that a Muslim has to stand by the side of
his Muslim brother in hard times and troubles,
once he was demanded or he found out that his
brother was unable to face this trouble alone. To
exemplify, Allah- May He be glorified- says: ﴾The
believers are nothing else than brothers (in Islâmic
religion), ﴿ , and He-May He be glorified-says: ﴾ The
believers, men and women, are Auliyâ' (helpers,
supporters, friends, protectors) of one another﴿.
These verses clearly show that the bond of
fraternity is one of the greatest bonds that connect
a believer with his believer brother, and this
faithful fraternity is only allocated for people of
faith. Regarding the second verse, it indicates that
loyality among believers is because they follow the
same religion, and this support means affection,
love and assistance. It seems as if Allah –May He
be glorified- wants to confirm that his servant
believers have to ally, love and support each other,
and this is clearly stated in what Allah-May He be
glorified-says: ﴾ but if they seek your help in
religion, it is your duty to help them﴿. This verse
shows that believers have a duty that he cannot
give up, or derelict which is the support of his
Muslim brother at any time or place once he is
able to do so. On the other hand, if a Muslim
derelicts in this duty, he fails his Muslim brother,
and consequently deserves the penalty of Allah
that equals his failure of his Muslim brother who
asked him for support and help in hard times.
إر مر األموا المتمل لميه ير اإلم أر نصاو الممم ألخي الممم حل واجل لمي ي جا الممم إلا
امول الاي صمو ،م امت ك ألما ال لز وجلا وأما الت ل والمنح آي ، ياوا ،ال لمي ومم ا وق وا
وأح يا صحيحح ت ير واجل الممم تج ص أخي الممم ت ا ن واح ا الل يشتا م، التن ل ير واح ا وا والتزا ت ل واح ا ويتمل م، األه ا ال،رمو الت
يم،و ل ممم إلو تحقيقه ا ومم ي ل لمو وجول نزول المص ل إلا وقو الممم مع أخي الممم لن
ع مل من لل ا أو وج أخي ض، حيا يمت يلل الممم الض،ي أر يواج تم المصي ح مما صا أو
ح قول ت، لو ال لوح صا ومر هلص األ ل أر ي ع لل وقول ت، لو x ﴾ إنم الم منور إخوو ت ال،زيز ﴿
xi ﴾ ،ضه أولي ،لا والم من ، والم منور ﴿وهلص اآلي ، ت ل وضوح ل س ي أر اا ح األخوو ت،ت ا مر ألر الاوا الت تا الم مر لخي الم مرا وأر هلص األخوو اإليم نيح تنحصا أهل اإليم را وتقتصا لميه ا وت ل اآليح ال نيح لمو أر الو يح ير
ح منير إنم تور م ل إت له ل ير واح ؛ ألر الو يالم -لز وجل- لر ال ت،ن المو وا والمح حا والنصاو
ياي أر ي لمو أر ل ص الم منير يجل أر يتولو ،ضه ،ض كا ويحل ،ضه ،ض كا وينصا ،ضه
ر وا لل صايح ك قول م ح ن ﴿ ،ض كا وق وا النصا امتنصاو ا هلص اآليح xii ﴾ ال ير ،مي
يمت يع أر يتخمو لن ا و ت ير أر لمو الم مر واج ا ي ا أ وهو نصاو الممم أ يجوز ل أر يقص
إلا زم ر إلا ر ق ااك لمو نصات ا أم م را و أ ق خلل أخ ص الممم ا وق لل لن ل يورقصا
امتحل مر ال لز وجل ال،قو ح الت تتن مل مع حج خل ن ا وتقصياص نصاو أخي الممم الل مل نصات واحت ج إلو مم ل ت ا واحت ج إلو الوقو ج ن
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In the prophetic traditions “Sunna”, there are many
hadiths which confirm this great Islamic side like
what prophet- May Peace and Blessings Be Upon
Him- said: “Believers in their affection, mercy
and pettiness are like the body. Once an organ
falls sick, all the other organs are affected and
have insomnia and fever”. This brilliant image
depicted by prophet Mohammed illustrates the
level of individual and collective co-operation
between a Muslim and his Muslim brother, as he
assimilates the co-operation among Muslims to the
co-operation among other parts of the body, which
are affected and affectionate and co-operate with
the ill organ in the body; so all the body has
sleeplessness and fever for its sake. It seems as if
the Prophet- May Mercy and Blessings Be Upon
Him- tries to demonstrate the level of the fraternal
relationship which connects a Muslim with his
Muslim brother, putting into consideration that all
the Muslim Nation have the same destiny since all
Muslims in spite of their differences in: people,
color and race sail on the same boat, share the
same concerns and feel the same pains and
sorrows.
Also, the prophet- May Mercy and Blessings Be
Upon Him-said: “…A Muslim is the brother of a
Muslim: he neither oppresses him nor does fail
him”, and this hadith would be sufficient for those
who contemplate it carefully as it indicates the
forbiddance of oppressing the Muslim brother,
hand him to his disbelieving enemies to do
whatever they desire of torture or fail him on
critical times when he is in desperate need for
support, help and compassion from his Muslim
brothers.
The Muslim scholar Ibn Daqiq Al Eid – said: “The
failure is by not offering aid and support, once
being asked to repulse an oppressor without having
a legal excuse”, and Al Hafith Bin Hajar Al
Asqalani in explaining “not hand him over” said: “
it means not to leave him with whosoever hurt
him, but support and defend him”.
Another hadith reflects clearly the obligation of
supporting weak Muslims and defend them against
م لح ال،ماوا ووق، الضيل واألزم ،.
ددد لمدددو هدددلا ال ،ددد اإل مددد م وقددد وا ددد المدددنح أيضددد ك مددد ي تدددددوا ه ددددد م دددددل المددددد منير "--ال،ردددددي ددددد قدددددول الن ددددد
و مندد لضددو تدد الو وتددااحمه وت،دد مه م ددل الجمدد إلا اشددت xiii "ل م ا الجم لمها والحمو
يندد ك امددمه الن دد صددمو ال لميدد ومددم م تمدد صددواو اا ،ددحمدددد الت،دددد ور ددددير الممددددم وأخيدددد الممددددم لمددددو الممددددتو الما ا ولمو الممتو الجم ل ا حيدا شد الت،د ور دير الممدددددممير م دددددل ألضددددد الجمددددد األخدددددا التددددد تددددد ال،ا وت، مدددد،ا وت، وندددد، مددددع ال،ضددددو المددددايل دددد الجمدددد ؛
ددلر ت مدها ال د ر مدد مدر أجمدد ا وأصد الحمددو مد ا وياي أر ي ير م ال، قح األخويح الت تدا --الن
الممم لخي الممم م ين ك أر مصيا األمح اإلم ميح واح شددددددد،و ه ا حيدددددددا إر الممدددددددممير جمي،ددددددد ك لمدددددددو اخدددددددت
وألددوانه ا وأجن مدده يا ددور مددمينح واحدد وا ويحممددور نمددس الهمو واآل ا ويش،اور نمس األوج ا واألحزار.
قول "... الممم أخو الممم لر الن وق وا أيض ك ا ومو هلا الح يا لح لمر ت اص xiv يرمم و يخلل "
لمو تحاي رم الممم أخ ص الممم ا أو تممي الممم ألل ا مر ال اير يم،مور م ياي ور مر الت،ليل
والتنيلا أو خل ن وق، هو أمس الح جح لمنصاو المم ل و والت، مر ق ل إخوان المممميرو
إر الخددل ر "قدد ل اإلمدد ا ددر قيددل ال،يدد احمدد ال ت،دد لو تا اإلل ندح والنصداا دإلا امدت، ر د د دع رد ل لزمد
ر ل اإلم الح ا وق xv "إل نت إلا ل ير ل للا شال " يمدددمم " أ دددر حجدددا ال،مدددق ن ددد تممددديا قولددد . xvi "يتا مع مر ي لي ل ينصاص وي ع لن
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their enemies as the Prophet-May Peace and
Blessings Be Upon Him-said: “…a man shall
support his brother (in Islam) once being an
oppressor or oppressed. Once he is oppressor, the
former have to prevent him and this is a victory for
him. And once he is the oppressed, he has to
support him”.
The companions did not disagree in their
understanding of the prophet’s aim of supporting
the oppressed Muslim; because they said: “ we
know how to support the oppressed”, and they
have agreed on the necessity to support a Muslim
brother and applied this practically during the life
of prophet-May Mercy and Blessings be Upon
Him-and after. To exemplify, the cause of Bani
Qainaqaa expedition was to support the Muslim
woman who was oppressed by a Jew as the
prophet mobilized an army of companions to
punish those people who oppressed that woman.
Another example is the response of the Abbasid
Caliph Al Muatasim Bi Allah to the call of the
Muslim woman who was assaulted by a Roman
knight. He mobilized a great army, destroyed
Amoreia, captured the Roman women, plunder
their money and killed their men because the
woman called for his support, and this call is still
eternal in the history as the woman said: “O
Mutasim !”.
And therefore: the question of the wall must have a
wide Islamic dimension for the Islamic Nation and
Muslim people. Also, all Muslims have to
sympathize with each other with the case of the
iron wall, and do everything possible to stop the
construction of the wall since it is a clear violation
to the right of a Muslim brother of support, aid and
assistance. Unfortunately, we find that the Muslim
not only fails his Muslim brother in the Gaza Strip
,but also he helps in tightening the grip around the
neck of his Muslim brother who defends the
former’s lands and sacred places against the
Zionists who occupy this pleasant land.
دد الحدد يا اآلخددا شددل واضددك وقدد ل قددول الن دد ا لدنه لمو وجول النصاو لمممممير الممتض،ميرا وال
د ... ض أل ا ه ؛ حيا ق ل " ولينصا الاجل أخد ص ر لمكدد مينهدد دد ر ر لمك دد إر دد ر أو مرمومك ر إندد لدد نصددا وا
. xvii "مرمومك مينصاص الصدددح ح لددد يختمددد هددد أحددد ه لدددر اآلخدددا ددد لول ددد
مر نصاو الممم المرمو ؛ ألنه قد لوا قد مقصو الن ألن ق ؛لممن ي ننصاص مرموم كا ول يشل لميه لل
تقاا لن ه لدزو نصداو الممدم ألخيد الممدم د شد و ايلا حيا ل شوا هلا الح يا واق، ك لممي ك حيد و الن د صدددمو ال لميددد ومدددم و ،ددد صا ولددديس أ ل لمدددو للددد مدددر وزوو ن قينق ا التد التد يهد أحد اليهدو لمدو المداأو
جهيز جدي الممممح نصاه الن صمو ال لمي ومم تلتل يدددددل أول ددددد القدددددو الدددددلير رممدددددوا تمددددد ؛مدددددر أصدددددح
ا ولدددديس أ ل لمددددو للدددد مددددر امددددتج ح الخميمددددح xviii المدددداأولتدد ال، مدد الم،تصدد دد ل لندد ا المدداأو الممددممح التدد ا
جهددز جيشدد ك جددااااكا و مددا لميهدد أحدد المامدد ر مددر الدداو ؛ ؛لموايددددح ومدددد و نمددددد ه ا ووددددن أمدددددواله ا وقتددددل اجددددد له
مدد ل امتنصدد ا تمدد المدداأو لم،تصدد ا ومدد زالدد، ممتهدد . xix تص ح ممع الزم ر قوله وا م،تصم ص
ولدددددلل نقدددددول دددددلر ممدددددللح الجددددد اا ددددد أر تلخدددددل ،ددددد اك إمددد مي ك وامددد، ك ددد األمدددح اإلمددد ميحا والشددد،ول الممدددممحا
ددد أر يت،ددد دددل ممدددم مهمددد ددد ر موق،ددد مدددع مددد المدو ل ا وي دلل دل واحد ومد، ل،د تنميدل قضيح الجد اا
ندد الجدد اا؛ ألر يدد مخ لمددح صددايحح لحددل الممددم لمددو النصدددداو والم، ونددددح والمدددد ازاو؛ ولددددر لسمدددد الممددددم مددددر
الشددد ي نجددد أر الممدددم يتمددد ،ددد م، ونتددد ونصدددات ألخيددد الممدددم ددد ق ددد ا ودددزو المح صدددا؛ دددل يمددد ل ددد
ح أخيددد الممددم الدددل يدد ا ع لدددر تضددييل الخندد ل حدددول اق ددأاضدد وو ندد وق مدد ضدد هدد اليهددو الممددت،ماير لهددلا
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ال م الم ا ا وهلص األال ال ي ح.
Fourth: Right of Neighborhood dimension
The right of neighborhood is one of the most
significant rights that the Islamic Sharea has
implemented as the Holy Quran and the prophetic
traditions “Sunna” assure observing this right,
respecting neighbors and not causing harm to
them, instead to aid and support them once needed.
The verse of Quran confirms as Allah –May He be
glorified- says:
﴾Worship Allâh and join none with Him (in
worship); and do good to parents, kinsfolk,
orphans, Al-Masâkîn (the needy), the neighbour
who is near of kin, the neighbour who is a
stranger, the companion by your side, the
wayfarer (you meet), and those (slaves) whom
your right hands possess. Verily, Allâh does not
like such as are proud and boastful ﴿
This verse clarifies that Allah-May He be
glorified- commands Muslims to be good to their
neighbors, relatives, orphans, etc. And it is clear
here that the text indicates obligation but not
recommendations, as there is no indication that it
is recommended to do so. Accordingly, the right of
neighborhood is an obligation according to all
Muslim scholars.
Records of prophetic traditions “Sunna” include
many hadiths that encourage the Muslim to
observe the right of neighborhood and be good to
neighbors as much as possible, such as what
prophet Mohammed said:
Gabriel keeps on
counseling me of the
neighbor till I thought
that he is going to inherit
him.
This hadith indicates that Gabriel –Peace be upon
him- continually counseled the prophet-Peace and
Blessings be Upon him- to observe right of
neighbors, till the prophet to think that he was
going to command him to include this neighbor in
.رابعا: بعد حق الجوار
إر مدددددر أهدددددد الحقددددددول التددددد جدددددد ، الشدددددداي،ح اإلمدددددد ميح تامددديخه دددير النددد س لمومددد ك هدددو حدددل الجدددواا حيدددا أددد القداآر الدداي والمدنح الن ويددح الشدايمح لمددو وجدول ا هتمدد
؛ إيددلا ه حددل الجددوااا وماالدد و الجيدداارا واحتدداامه ا ولدد ددددل وممدددد ل ته إر احتدددد جوا إلددددو ممدددد ل وا ونصدددداته إلا
ددد هدددلا احتددد جوا إلدددو نصددداوا ومدددر األ لدددح القاآنيدددح التددد ت واعبوادووا اللاه وال توشاريكووا :﴿الحل وتحل لميد قولد ت،د لو
ي القورباك واليتاامك والمسااكييني بيهي شي ا وبيالواليديني يحساانا وبياحيااا نوااابي والص ي القورباااك والجااااري الجو بي بيالجنااابي واباااني والجااااري حي احي
ااب ماان كااان موختاااال الساابييلي ومااا ملكااخ أيمااانوكوم ين اللااه ال يوحيورا -لز وجل-أر ال ، ينالايمح ق هلص اآليح xx ﴾ةخو
أما إلحم ر إلو الج ا م أما إلحم ر إلو ويداص مدر دداوا دد هددلص اآليدددحا لو القا ددو واليتدد مو وويدداه ممدددر ل
واألصدددل ددد األمدددا مددد يخمدددو ين غددد أر يحمدددل لمدددو الوجدددول واإللدددزا إ إلا جددد ، قايندددح تصدددا إلدددو النددد ل وا متح لا و هلص الح لح د حدل الجدواا د محمدول لمدو
الوجول تم ل ال،مم .
وق حمر، لن تل المنح يااك مر األح يا الت تحا و ماال و حل الجواا واإلحم ر إلو الجياار الممم لم
صمو ال - حمل الق او وا مت لحا ومر لل قول وصين لج ا حتو رنن، م زال ج ايل ي " -لمي ومم لمي -وهلا الح يا ي ل لمو أر ج ايل xxi أن ميوا "
ق أ ا الوصيح لمن صمو ال لمي ومم -الم ال لمي ومم ماال و حقول الج اا حتو أر الن صمو
لر ج ايل مو يلماص لر يج،ل وقع نمم ا لتق و الح ل أق ال المي، الج ا مر ضمر الواا ير م ه
لح لمو الوجول م يخمو. ا و لل
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the inheritors, and this is an evidence of obligation.
It was warned of annoying or harming the
neighbor, even the Prophet Mohammed negated
the perfection of belief of those who derelict in this
right and he confirmed his negation by taking an
oath by saying: “I swear by Allah that he does not
believe, he does not believe, he does not believe.
Some of the companions asked: “Who is he
Messenger of Allah?” He said : “whosoever harms
his neighbor” .The prophet-May Mercy and
Blessings Be Upon Him- even negates the
perfection of faith of those who neither
sympathize with their neighbors nor aid their
neighbors, he said: “ He is not a believer who
sleeps sated while his next door neighbor is
hungry”. Also, the prophet- Peace and Blessings
be Upon Him- commanded Abu Thar El Ghifari to
be good to his neighbor by saying: “O Aba Thar :
Once you cook a stock, increase its water and feed
your neighbor”.
Through pondering this important side and
studying its relation with the construction of the
iron wall, it is elicited that the capable Muslim
who derelicts in the right of supporting his brother
Muslim is committing one of the great sins, and
the penalty is duplicated if he is a neighbor of this
weak Muslim. Prophet Mohammed-Peace and
Blessings Be Upon Him- negated the belief of the
one who harms his neighbor in an individual way,
or the one who sleeps sated while his neighbor is
hungry;what about the one who harms a
population of one million and a half - that some of
which are kneeling elderly and sucking infants,
prevents the entering of food and medicine to
those poor people who have no supporters in this
long ordeal, especially if it is known that the cause
of this ordeal is one thing which is: defending this
Holy Land, protecting its honor, and preserving the
sacred places.
مدددر إيدددلا الجددد ا حتدددو أر الن ددد وقددد وا التحدددليا الشددد ي
ددا صددمو ال لميدد ومددم نمددو مدد ل اإليمدد ر لمددو مددر قصدد اك نميدد لقمدد قولدد " دد حددل جدد وال يدد مر ا اصا م
وال ي مر ا وال ي مر ا قيل مدر يد امدول ال؟ قد ل صدمو ال -؛ ل نمو الن د xxii " مر يلمر ج اص وا ق
مدد ل اإليمدد ر لددر الممددم الددل يت،دد -لميدد ومددم مع جياان ا و يمد لهد يد ال،دور والممد ل و مدع حد جته ا
لميدددد الصدددد و -نه ؛ قدددد لو يت،دددد مددددع آ مهدددد وأحددددزاإلو اليس الم مر مر ي ي، ش ، ر وج اص ج ع "-والم أ لا -لمي الص و والم -ا وق أما الن xxiii "جن
ي أ لا إلا خد، قول " إلحم ر إلو الج االغم ا . xxiv "ماقح ل ا م ه ون ول جياان
لا نراندددد إلددددو هددددلا ال ،دددد الهدددد ول قتدددد ندددد الجدددد اا وا المدددو ل مدددنخمم جزمددد ك دددلر الممدددم إلا قصدددا ددد حدددل أخي الممم مع ق ات لمو نصات ا إن يور آ م ك مات ك
ح إلا دددد ر للدددد الددددلنولا وتددددز ا ال،قو دددد يدددداو مددددر دددد ا لا لممندددد أر الممددددم جدددد ااك ألخيدددد الممددددم الممتضدددد، ا وا الن صدمو ال لميد ومدم نمدو اإليمد ر لمدر يد ل جد اص
يدددد ا ولمددددر ي يدددد، شدددد ، را وجدددد اص جدددد ع شددددل ددددا المميدور ش، ك مق اا ل أ داا ص يزيد لدر الح ل مر ي ل
دعا واأل مد ل الاضدع ا ا مدنه ال مميور والنص شديو الاوالدددددد وا إلددددددو أ ددددداا هددددددلا الشدددددد،ل غدددددلا ويمندددددع وصددددددول ال
الممدير الددل يجدد مددر ينصداص ويدد ازاص دد هددلص المحنددح الش ي و وهلص ال،ماو ال ويمح ا مديم إلا لممند أر مد ل هلص ال،ماو يمر ش واح أ وهو أر م ل حصد ا
ا لدر هدلص الد ي ا المق مدح الد هلا الش،ل وتجوي،د هدوا نتهددددددددد ا ومق مددددددددد ت مدددددددددر ا وحم يدددددددددح ألااضددددددددد مدددددددددر
ا وتص ل.Eighth: Legal dimension
The construction of the iron wall by the Egyptian
authorities at the Egyptian Palestinian borders is
المطلب الثامن: البعد القانونف
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considered a flagrant violation of the rules of the
general international law which guarantee the right
to exist and the judicial principle of abuse of rights
*(also known as Prohibition of Chicane, which is a
judicial principle where law must not be used to
allow or justify causing intentional harm).
Therefore, the Egyptian allegations that the
construction of the wall is an internal affair related
to Egypt's national sovereignty is as this right is
restricted to not cause harm to others. However,
exercising this right cause severe damage to the
Palestinian people in Gaza who are besieged for
years and deprived from entering all their
necessities by the Israeli occupation.
The existence of the wall is considered a violation
for the rules of the International HumanitarianLaw,
putting into consideration that Gaza still an
occupied territory, and the occupying power is
responsible for protecting the life of the Palestinian
civilians there. Geneva Fourth Convention dated
on 1949 guarantees the right of protecting
civilians; the occupying power shall neither close
the border crossings nor impose siege on civilians
and being supported in tightening the siege is
considered a violation for the rules International
HumanitarianLaw which are biding.
The international community pledges to ensuring
accountability and justice for all violations of
international law for serious crimes against
humanity through the International Criminal Court. The existence of the wall causes Palestinians in the
Gaza strip, deliberately, to be imposed under severe
living conditions leading to their physical eradication
totally or partially, which is considered to be genocide
in accordance with the Statute of the International
Criminal Court and all those involved in constructing,
planning or financing the wall shall be held
accountable. Hence, the construction of the iron wall, which
represents a violation of many international and
criminal legal rules result in two types of responsibility;
First: International responsibility of all States who
participate in planning, financing or constructing the
wall. This requires the payment of necessary
compensation for all affected Palestinians. Second:
criminal responsibility for the commission of the crime
of genocide against the Palestinian people in the Gaza
Strip, based on the Statute of the International Criminal
Court.
إر قي الحومح المصايح ن ج اا و ل لمو الح و المصايح الممم ينيح يشل انته ك واضح لقوال
ا xxv الق نور ال ول ال، الت تنم لمو حل ال ق وانته ك لمم أ الق نون ال ، وهو م أ ل الت،م امت،م ل الحل ا ل المصا لر ن الج اا هوشلر اخم يت،مل حل المي و الو نيح هو ا ل ل؛ ألر حل المي و مقي ، اإلضااا لغيا ا و أوضك مر الضاا الل يتم ل حام ر الش،ل الممم ين وزو مر مم امت لحل الحي و ، أر ال لمي ا حت ل اإلماا يم الحص ا الش مل ومنع إ خ ل ح ممتمزم ،
و إ لنلا اليميا الل يم مت م ، الحي و الحي ال ي،يح.
م أر وجو الج اا يشل انته ك لقوال الق نور ال ول اإلنم ن ا ق ا وزو م زال إقميم ك محت كا يقع لمو ا حت ل مم وليح حم يح الم نيير الممم ينيير ي ا
حم يح الم نيير وهو م ممت اتم قيح جني الاا ،ح ل . و يجوز ل حت ل إو ل الم، ا 1949الم اخح ل
و ال الحص ا لمو الم نيير ا ومم ل ت مر ق ل أ ا ول تش ي الحص ا يشل انته ك لقوال الق نور
xxvi ال ول اإلنم ن وه قوال ممزمح ل ح ال وللجاا وق ت،ه المجتمع ال ول لمح م ح لمو ا
الخ ياو الت تاتل ض اإلنم ر ولل مر خ ل المحمح الجن يح ال وليح ا وجو الج اا يم ل خضوا الممم ينيير ق ا وزو ألحوال م،يشيح يقص ه وقوا اإله الم أو الجز ا وهو م يشل جايمح إ و جم ليح و ق ك لمنر األم م لممحمح الجن يح ال وليحا يح مل لميه ل مر ت ، إ انت لمم وليح موا أ ر
. xxvii مر ج نل المنمل أ المخ أ الممولو ن ك لمو لل إر ن الج اا المو ل الل يشل
انته ك لم، ي مر القوال الق نونيح ال وليح والجن يح يتاتل لمي نول ر مر المم وليح ا األول المم وليح ال وليح الت
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ح ن الج اا لتخ ي تقع لمو ح ال ول المشتاوالتنميل والتمويل ا وه مم وليح تت مل ع الت،ويض ،
ال زمح ل ح المتضااير مر مختم ، الش،ل الممم ين ا وال ن المم وليح الجن يح لر اات ل جايمح
اإل و الجم ليح حل الش،ل الممم ين ق ا وزو ل امتن اك إلو النر األم م لممحمح الجن يح ول
ال وليح.
Third section
The impacts of constructing the wall The construction of wall affects negatively the life
of our besieged people in many aspects of life,
such as the following:
First Issue: Juristic impacts.
Based on what was mentioned in prior of
Islamic legal evidences, it becomes evident that it
is forbidden to construct the iron wall. And
therefore, it is forbidden to continue the building
of this wall, and accordingly whosoever orders or
insists or works on its building is a wrongdoer and
it is not permissible to participate in the
construction in any way, instead, the religious duty
demands Muslims to hold responsibilities as much
as possible to stop this construction by all means.
To add, this duty includes supporting the
steadfastness of the Palestinian people by all
means and resources available as Allah-May He be
glorified- says: ﴾ Help you one another in Al-
Birr and At-Taqwa (virtue, righteousness and
piety); but do not help one another in sin and
transgression﴿. Accordingly, the continuation of
construction is a continuation and determination of
committing the sin. On the other hand, the support
of Palestinians and the resistance of the iron wall is
as a matter of help in virtue righteousness and
piety.
المبحث الثالث
اآلثار المترتبة على بناء
الجدار
تتم ل اآل ا المي ح المتات ح لمو ن الج اا من ح حي تيح مت، صا ت ا شل مم لمو هلا الش،ل
المح صاا ولل مر خ ل الم لل الت ليح المترتبة علف بنا شرعيةاآلثار الالمطلب األول:
الجدار
تقاا أل لح الشاليح مدر حامدح ند ن لمو م الج اا المو ل إن يحا ا متمااا ن هدلا الجد ااا و لت ل يل ل مر أما وأصدا لمدو ا مدتمااا د ن د ويل ل مر ي،مل ا و ي،لا أل م ل مر األم ل ال،مل د و يجدوز الممد همح د ن د دل شدل مدر
الواجددددل الدددد ين يت مددددل أر يتحمددددل ددددل األشدددد لا ددددل إرواح مم وليت ق ا امت لت لممم همح د وقد ألمد ل نددد الجددد اا ويمتددد هدددلا الواجدددل إلدددو لددد صدددمو و ددد ، الش،ل المممد ين دل الومد ل واإلم ند ، المت حدح لقولد
اإل دد وت،دد ونوا لمددو ال ددا والتقددو و ت،دد ونوا لمددو ت، لو ﴿للا ا متمااا ن مر ل ا مدتمااا xxviii ﴾وال، وار
دددد ،ددددل اإل دددد واإلصددددااا لميدددد ا دددد حددددير لدددد الشدددد،ل المممدد ين وت،زيددز صددمو ص ومح ا ددح ندد الجدد اا المددو ل
مر ل الت، ور لمو ال ا والتقو . Second Issue: Legal impacts.
Construction of the iron wall is considered to be a
direct violation to the principles of the International
اآلثااار القانونيااة المترتبااة علااف بنااا المطلااب الثااانف: الجدار
ي،ت ا ن الج اا المو ل مخ لمح صايحح لم الق نور
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Law. To illustrate, besieging of Gaza Strip through the
closure of crossings and construction of this wall will
absolutely aggravate living conditions for the people of
the Gaza Strip, and all of this leads to an international
crime identified as genocide (xxix). The practices which
lead to this crime are to impose a human group,
deliberately, under severe living conditions leading to
their physical eradication totally or partially. This is
what article (2) in paragraph (C) (xxx) of Prohibition of
Genocide Agreement that states:
Any of the following acts committed with intent to
destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnic, racial
or religious group, as such: (c) Deliberately
inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated
to bring about its physical destruction in whole or
in part.
Genocide is considered to be one of the international
crimes(xxxi), and the international crime is defined as a
human behavior which violates the principles of the
International Criminal Law leading to cause damage to
international interests that need protection. Commission
of this crime causes a proper penalty to the committers
of according to the International Law and this is what
article (3) in the first paragraph of Convention on the
Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
as it states that: “Genocide is one of the crimes that is
punished internationally”.
In short, the construction of the iron wall on the
Egyptian-Palestinian borders violates the human rights,
International Humanitarian Law and fourth Geneva
Convention of 1949. The wall does not have any legal
justification, as there are many recognized international
rule and agreements that prevent any country from
besieging another, building any constructions or walls
in order to prevent the access of aid and food
commodities or building walls on the frontier borders
instead of barbed wires and check points(xxxii).
الد ول ا إ دد ل الحصدد ا لمددو ق د ا وددزو مددر خدد ل ندد هددددلا الجدددد اا مددددي حتمدددد ك إلددددو مددددو األحددددوال الم،يشدددديح
ل لل يشد ل أله ل الق ااإض ح إلو إو ل الم، ا وا xxxiii جايمددددددح وليددددددح ت،ددددددا جايمددددددح اإل دددددد و الجم ليددددددح
أللمددددد ل المنشددددد ح لهدددددلص الجايمدددددح هدددددو إخضددددد ا جم لدددددح إنمددد نيح لدددر لمددد لرددداو م،يشددديح ق مددديح تمددد لمقضددد لميه لضوي ك صواو ت مح أو جز يح وهلا م أ ت الم و
مدددددر اتم قيدددددح مندددددع جايمدددددح xxxiv ددددد قاتهددددد ج 2اقددددد اإل و الجم ليح والت نص، لمو
" ت،ندددد اإل دددد و الجم ليددددح أيدددد مددددر األ ،دددد ل الت ليددددحا تمدددد المات ددددح لمددددو قصدددد التدددد ميا المدددد أو الجز دددد لجم لددددح قوميددددح أو ا نيددددح أو لاقيددددح أو ينيددددحا ددددلل ت،نددددو اإل دددد و الجم ليح إخض ا الجم لدحا لمد اكا لرداو م،يشديح يداا
ه ت مياه الم مي ك أو جز ي ك."وت،د جايمددح اإل د و الجم ليددح مد أمددممن مد ق ك مددر صددوا
ا وت،ددا الجايمددح ال وليددح لنهدد مددمو xxxv الجدداا ال وليددحإنمدددد ن ياتددددل إخدددد قوالددددد القدددد نور الجندددد الددددد ول يتاتددل لميهدد الممدد س مصددمحح وليددح تمددتوجل الحم يددحا
جندد الدد ول لمددو مات دد تمدد الجايمددح ويوقددع القضدد ال دد 3الجندد المن مددل وهددلا مدد أشدد ا، إليدد المدد و اقدد
المقاو األولو مر اتم قيح منع جايمح ا و الجم ليح حيدا نصدددددد، لمددددددو " جايمددددددح اإل دددددد و الجم ليددددددح مددددددر الجدددددداا
الم، قل لميه ولي ك".لمددددو وخ صددددح القددددول دددد للدددد إر ندددد الجدددد اا المددددو ل
الحدد و المصددايح المممدد ينيح مخدد ل أل مدد حقددول اإلنمدد ر ولمقدددددد نور الدددددد ول اإلنمدددددد ن واتم قيددددددح جنيدددددد الاا ،ددددددح ل،دددددد
ا لج اا يحمل أ صمح ق نونيدح هند اتم قيد ، 1949وقددوانير وليددح م،تددا هدد تمنددع أ ولددح مددر حصدد ا ولددح
ا، أخددددا و ندددد أ م دددد ر أو جدددد اار لمنددددع خددددول الممدددد لوالمددوا الغلا يددحا مدد تمنددع ندد الجدد اار لمددو الحدد و دد ل
. xxxvi األم الش ح ونق المااق ح
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Third Issue: Health impacts.
Construction of this wall is going to have direct
impacts on the health situation in the Gaza Strip, as it
will prevent the access of essential medicines needed to
cure many dangerous diseases that members of this
population suffer, on different ages and levels. It is a
well-known fact that most of these medicines used to
enter the strip through the tunnels located at the borders
between Gaza and Egypt, and surely, the construction
of the wall is going to prevent the access of these
medical requirements needed for those people.
This prevention comes along with the negative
health impacts resultant from the wall, since mainly it
is going to cause a destructive impact on the quality of
water. To illustrate, the salty sea water is going to be
pumped through the wall to the underground and as
salinity indicator of the sea water is about(22500
milligram/liter) i.e.: double the limit permitted
according to the criterion of World Health Organization
(WHO) for drinking water which is (250
milligram/liter). Therefore, if one liter of sea water
reaches the underground water storage, it is going to
pollute more than (90) liters of underground water,
which makes it undrinkable and cause a health
catastrophe (xxxvii).
المترتبة علف بنا المطلب الثال : اآلثار الصحية .الجدار
إر ن هلا الج اا ي ا تل يااك م شدااك لمدو الوضدع الصدح دد ق ددد ا وددزوا حيدددا إر إق متدد تددد إلددو مندددع يددا مدددر األ ويددح الضددداوايح وال، جدد ، ال زمدددح ل يددا مدددر األمددداال الخ يدداو التدد ي،دد ن منهدد أ دداا هددلا الشدد،لا لمددو اخددت
ويدددح ألمددد اه وممدددتوي ته ا و يخمدددو أر يدددااك مدددر تمددد األ ن، تصل إلو ق ا وزوا ل ا األنم ل الممت و م ير وزو ومصددددا الشددددقيقحا و ندددد هددددلا الجدددد ااا يمنددددع شددددل يقيندددد وصول تم ا حتي ج ، الصحيح ال زمح أل اا هلا الش،ل.وتنمج مو اآل د ا الصدحيح الن جمدح لدر الجد اا مدع مجدااص
لتددددل يا ومدددد قا دددد مددددر الحدددد و المصددددايح المممدددد ينيح مددددع االم شددا والواضددك لمددو الال يددح الصددحيح المق مددح لممددوا نير ق ا وزوا ول،ل أ ا اإلش ، ت،قي اك هلا المجد ل هدددو ضدددظ ميددد ص ال حدددا إلدددو ددد ر األال ل دددا هدددلا الجددد اا والدددددل مددددديتا أ دددددااك مددددد مااك لجدددددو و الميددددد صا و لتددددد ل زيددددد و
حددا ي مدد نحددو مموحتهدد ا و مدد أر م شددا المموحددح دد ميدد ص الممج / لتدا هدلا ي،ند ضد، الحد الممدموح د 22500
حمل م،ي ا منرمح الصحح ال، لميح لمي ص الشال الل هو ممجدد / لتدداا؛ ولهددلا المدد ل ددإر حجدد لتددا واحدد مددر 250
ميدد ص ال حددا يصددل إلددو الخددزار الجددو مددو يممدد مدد يزيدد ه ويدا صد لحح لتاا مر المي ص الجو يحا مم يج،م90لمو
. xxxviii لمشال و لت ل يم ل ا ح صحيح
Fourth Issue: Commercial impacts. Undoubtedly, the construction of the wall at the
borders of the Gaza strip leads to a serious
commercial dilemma on levels of: individuals and
community, as more than ninety percent of goods,
basic commodities, construction materials and fuel
enter the strip through tunnels. Once the wall is
constructed, there is going to be a shortage in these
commodities; which is going to an aggravation of
the commercial status in the Gaza strip under the
suffocating siege which has been taking place for
years.
المترتبة علف بنا المطلب الرابع: اآلثار االقتصادية الجدار
ش أر ن الج اا المو ل لمو ح و ق ا ودزو يد إلددددددو م،ضددددددمح اقتصدددددد يح خ يدددددداو لمددددددو الممددددددتو المددددددا والجمدد ل ا حيددا إر أ ددا مددر تمدد،ير لم ددح مددر ال ضدد ع والمدددددوا التموينيدددددح اله مدددددح ومدددددوا ال نددددد والمحاوقددددد ، لمدددددو اخددت أنوالهدد تدد خل إلددو ق دد ا وددزو لددر ايددل األنمدد لا
ندد هددلا الجدد ااا إندد مددي إلددو ق ددع أومددل القددو، ددإلا
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In addition, the iron wall is going to affect half of
the strip’s populations as people of Gaza suffer a
real crisis because of the siege. Consequently,
construction of the siege is considered to be a
death sentence for a million and a half Palestinian.
Also, the stopping of work in tunnels is going to
deprive the local markets from tunnels’ goods, and
there are about (30) thousand workers who are
going to lose their jobs and join unemployment
which is estimated in the strip by (%35-%40),. It is
worth to mention that the value of exchanged
goods between Egypt and the strip is about (2-3)
million dollars a month.
الضدداوا الددل يحت جدد الشدد،ل المممدد ين دد ق دد ا وددزو؛ ممدد يدد إلددو تدد هوا الح لددح ا قتصدد يح المتلزمددح دد رددل
الحص ا المش والم ل منل منير لمو ق ا وزو.مدد أر الجدد اا المددو ل مددي ا لمددو نصدد مدد ر الق دد ا
، نددددد و األهددددد ل مدددددر أزمدددددح حقيقيدددددح جددددداا تقاي ددددد ك ددددد ردددددل مالحص اا حيا ي،ت دا ند هدلا الجد اا حمد ك إللد ا لمدو مميدددور ونصددد مميدددور ممددد ين ا دددلل دددإر توقددد ال،مدددل ألنمدد ل مددر شددلن أر يحددا األمددوال المحميددح مددر المنتجدد ،
ألددد ل مدددل 30الدددواا و لدددر ايدددل األنمددد لا هنددد قاا دددح ا توق أنش ته و لت ل مينضمور ميمق ور ألم له ؛ جا
% ددددد 40-35إلدددددو صدددددمو ال لدددددح التددددد تقددددد ا نحدددددو الق دد اا مددع اإلشدد او إلددو أر قيمددح ال ضدد ع التدد يددت تدد اوله
مميدور و ا شدهاي ك 3-2 ير مصا والق ا تتااوح م دير
xxxix . Fifth Issue: Psychological impacts.
Gazans have undergone many ways of suppression
and torture that led to their physical and
psychological exhaustion. This made them resort
to other means to relieve and elevate themselves,
which is digging tunnels. For sure, the construction
of the iron wall is going to destroy these tunnel,
which would, in turn, affects negatively the morale
of Palestinians at all levels, and this wall may lead
to many psychological problems in the long
instance.
Moreover, the construction of the iron wall is
going to affect and aggravate the gravity of
psychological and social status in the Gaza strip,
and even increases the intensity of imposed siege
on the strip. This construction creates feelings of
fear and instability and this is tangible through the
nervous behaviors of those who work in the
tunnels.
المترتبة علف بنا المطلب الخامس: اآلثار النفسية .الجدار
إر أهددددل وددددزو قدددد ت،اضددددوا إلددددو يددددا مددددر أمدددد ليل ال،ددددلال وا ضددد ه ؛ ممددد أ إلدددو إنهددد ه جمددد ي ك ونممدددي كا األمدددا
أخددا تمدداج لددنه ا وتاتقدد الددل لدد ه إلددو المجددو لومدد ل نمومه ؛ مجلوا إلو حما األنمد لا و شد أر وجدو الجد اا المددو ل مددي إلددو تدد ميا هددلص األنمدد ل؛ ممدد مددي ا مددم ي ك لمددو الدداوح الم،نويددح والح لددح النممدديح لهددلا الشدد،ل الممددير جميددع ق تدد ا جتم ليددح المختممددحا وقدد يتددا هددلا الجدد اا
، النممددديح واألمددداال ال،صددد يح ل يدددا مدددر يدددااك مدددر الحددد أ اا هلا الش،ل الممم ين المح صا لمو الم ال ،ي .
مددد أر نددد الجددد اا المدددو ل مدددي ا ومددديم ق مدددر خ دددواو الوضدددع النممددد وا جتمددد ل دددد الق ددد ا وميضددد ل مددددر و لو الحص ا المماول لمو أ ند شد، ن د ودزوا ومديزي
ر ضد ك لدر الضدغو النممديح المتات دح مر قا وجدوا الغدزييلمدديه مددر الحصدد اا ندد الجدد اا المددو ل يولدد م،دد قدد ار األمدد ر وا مددتقاااا مددع الشدد،وا دد لخو مددر المجهددول وهددلا
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مممددددوس مددددر المددددمو ال،صدددد والتصددددا ، ا نم، ليددددح لمددددر . xl ي،مل هلص اإلنم ل
Sixth Issue: Environmental impacts.
It is worth mentioning that the iron wall affects
negatively the environment in the Gaza Strip, as
one of planned to be implemented after the
construction of the wall is opening of a water canal
located directly next to the wall, the resource of
this water is the salty sea water; which is going to
pollute the agricultural areas in the Gaza strip and
turn them to waste lands. Experts assure that
dangers caused by this wall on the environmental
level are more than any others especially on the
underground water which is going to be unusable
by humans in the Gaza strip. In addition, it is
going to uproot thousands of fruitful trees, putting
into consideration that the process of uprooting
trees in large quantities is going to affect the
percentage of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
المترتباة علاف بناا المطلب السادس : اآلثاار البي ياة .الجدار
ممددد ين غددد لددداصا ولمددد، األنرددد ا إليددد أر الجددد اا المدددو ل يدد ا تددل يااك مددم ي ك لمددو ال ي ددح دد ق دد ا وددزوا حيددا إر مددر اإلجاا ا، الت تقاا اتخ له وتنميله ، ا نته مدر ند الج اا هو تك قن و م يح ج نل الج اا م شاوا وهلص القند و
ي إلدددددو تمدددددوا مصددددد اه ميددددد ص ال حدددددا الم لحدددددح؛ ممددددد مددددداألااضدد الزااليددح دد ق دد ا وددزو لميدد ص الم لحددحا و لتدد ل تحويمه إلو أااض ممحيح تصدمك لمزاالدح يهد ا ولقد أد خ دداا ممددد ير أر المخددد ا المتات دددح لمدددو الممدددتو ال ي ددد أشدد خ ددااك لمجدد اا مددر مدد قته و مدديم الميدد ص الجو يددح التدد
ا اآل مددد ددد الق اامددد متصددد ك ويدددا صددد لحح ل مدددتخ مي لل إلو اقت ا آ األشج ا الم ماوا مع ال،مد أر لمميددح اقددت ا األشددج ا ميدد ، يدداو مددي ا لمددو منمددول
. xli و ز األمجير و ن أمي الا ور Conclusion
After this interesting journey through this
scientific research, I would like to list the findings
and recommendations I found out:
الخاتمةأو ا ، هلص الاحمح الم ت،ح ن ي هلا ال حا ال،مم
أر أم ا النت والتوصي ، الت توصم، إليه مر خ ل هلا ال حا ال،مم
First: Findings: Through this research, I have found out
the following :
1- The construction of the iron wall is
forbidden according to Islamic Sharea
laws.
2- Whosoever gave orders of building the
wall, carried out the building or support it
financially is considered to be a partner in
this offence, and holder of the sins.
3- The laws of Islamic Sharea confirm the
obligation of lifting the harm that falls on
the Muslim as much as possible.
4- Forbidding this wall does not only fall
under the laws of the Holy Quran,
Prophetic traditions(Sunna), Consensus of
.النتا : أوال النتا من العديد لك البح هحا خالل من توصلخ لقد
-:من.ا التف ال.امة .شال ك محا المو ل الج اا هلا ن أر -1 لمو تنميلص ق أو الج اا هلا ن أما مر أر -2
اإل ا مشتا ك ي،ت ا م لي ك لم أو الواقع أال .لموزا ومتحم ك
لمو ت ال،ريمح ومق ص ه الشاي،ح قوال أر -3 .اإلم ر ق ا الممم لمو الواقع الضاا إزالح وجول
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Muslim legal scholars, Juristic reasoning,
but it also falls under other sides such
asthe humanitarian, national, Islamic, legal
sides and the right of neighborhood.
5- The construction of the wall causes a lot of
negative impacts on the environmental,
health, commercial and psychological
levels.
أل لح ق يخضع الج اا هلا تحاي أر -4جم ا ومنح ت ل مر األح ومق ص ا وقوال وقي س وا
والقوم اإلنم ن ل ، أخا أ ، إلو يخضع ل .الجواا وحل والق نون واإلم م
اآل ا مر يا لمي تتاتل الج اا هلا ن أر -5 ا قتص ال ي االصح ا الممتو لمو المم يح .والنمم
Second: Recommendations: At the end of this research, I would like to
present some recommendations and
suggestions ,as the following:
1- All Muslims have to unite together against
their enemies, support each other and co-
operate on virtue, righteousness and piety,
2- Any Muslim party which transgresses
discipline of unity and support, which is
stated in the holy Quran and the Prophetic
traditions “Sunna” , is supposed to be
stopped;
3- All countries of the Islamic World shall
unite in order to stop the construction of
this wall, and set a mechanism to prevent
its reoccurrence in future,
4- Palestinian people have to be aided by the
whole Islamic world with all possible
means according to their: powers,
positions and abilities.
And Allah-May He be glorified- is the Most
High, the Most Honorable , the Most
Knowledgeable, and the Most Bountiful.
.التوصياخ: ثانيا التوصياخ بعض أقدم أن البح هحا ختام ةف أود
-:يلف ةيما المتمثلة واالقتراحاخ لمو واح و ي اك يونوا أر الممممير جميع لمو -1 والتقو ال ا لمو ويت، ونوا يتن صاوا وأر مواه مر
.خيا ل ولمو الممممير مر ا أ ي لمو األخل ين غ -2
القاآر لمي نم الل والتن صا التوح منه يخ ل .والمنح
ال، ل ول جميع مر واح اك صم ك الوقو ين غ -3 ل، آليح وضع مع الج ااا هلا ن إليق اإلم م ؛
.أخا ماو الممتق ل ح و المح صا الممم ين الش،ل مم ل و ين غ -5
ال، ل ق ل مر المت حح اإلم ني ، جميع ص حي ت حمل ل مم ا اإلم م م ني ت وموق، .وا
وأعز وأكرم واهلل تعالك أعلك وأعلم
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53 | P a g e
ة.رس المصادر والمراجع
أوال: المصادر والمراجع
First: Resources and References:
القرآن الكريم -1
The Holy Quran
الجريمة الدولية دراسة قانونية تحليلية للجرائم المرتكبة في فلسطين والعراح ويوخوس فيا السابقة ورواندا وفقا ألحكام نظام روما -2
م2005، خلة ، األساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية: د. عبد القادر صابر جرادة ، مكتبة أفاح
International Crime :An Analytical Legal Study for Crimes Committed in Palestine ,Iraq , Ex
Yugoslavia and Rwanda According to Rome Basic Rules System for the International Convict Court: Dr.
Adbul Qader Jarada, Afaq Bookshop, 2005 A.D
، رام هللا، فلسطين.2009لجهاز المركلي لإلحصاء الفلسطيني، ا -3
Palestinian Central Statistics Bureau, 2009, Ramallah, Palestine.
1981، جدة ، 3الدولة ـ دراسة تحليلية في مباد الجغرافية السياسية: حسين حملة بندقجي، ط -4
The State: An Analytical Study of Principles of Political Geography : Hussein Hamza Bandaqji, 3rd
edition, Jeddah, 1981
، القاهرة، معهد البحوث 2003الستخدام السكني لألرض في محافظات خلة: الدكتور/ رائد صالحة رسالة دكتوراة خير منشورة، -5
والدراسات العربية.
Population Usage of Lands in the Governorates of Gaza: Dr. Raed Saleha. Unpublished PHD research
paper, 2003, Cairo, Institute of Arab Researches and Studies.
م.1991هـ/ 1411األشباه والنظائر، لتاج الدين بن علي بن عبد الكافي السبكي، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة األولى، -6
Al Ashbah and Al Nathaer(Similars and Equivalents) , Taj Addin Bin Ali Bin Abdul Kafi Al Sabki, Dar
Al Kutub Al Ilmeyia, Beirut, 1st Edition, 1991 A.D/ 1411 A.H.
م.1980هـ/ 1400األشباه والنظائر، للين العابدين بن إبراهيم ابن نجيم، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، بدون طبعة، -7
Al Ashbah and Al Nathaer(Similars and Equivalents ), Zain Al Abedin Bin Ibrahim Bin Najeem, Dar Al
Kutub Al Ilmeyia ,No edition number, Beirut, 1980A.D/ 1400 A.H.
محمد تامر، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، البحر المحيط في أصول الفقه، لبدر الدين محمد بن بهادر بن عبد هللا اللركشي، تحقيق: محمد -8
م.2000هـ/ 1421بدون طبعة،
Al Bahr Al Muheet Fi Usul Al Fiqh (The Boundless Sea in the Foundations of Islamic Jurisprudence),
Badr Addin Mohammed Bin Bahader Bin Abdullah A Zarkashi, Verified by: Mohammed Mohammed
Tamir, Dar Al Kutub Al Ilmeyah, Beirut, No edition number, 2000A.D/ 1421 A.H.
تفسير القرآن العظيم، ألبي الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي، تحقيق: سامي بن محمد س مة، دار طيبة للنشر -9
م. 1999هـ/ 1420والتوزيع، المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة الثانية،
Tafsir Al Quran Al Athem (Explanation of the Holy Quran), Abi Al Fidaa Ismail Bin Umar Bin Katheer
CCTED (IUG) \ Heba Zakaryia Ismail \ Translation diploma project 2013
54 | P a g e
Al Qurashi Addimashqi, Verified by: Sami Bin Mohammed Salama, Taiba Prinying House for
Publishing and Distribution, Saudi Arabia, the 2nd Edition, 1999 A.D/ 1420 A.H.
م.1999لمكرمة، بدون طبعة، التواعد، لبن رجب الحنبلي، مكتبة نلار مصطفى الباز، مكة ا -10
Al Tawaud, Ibn Rajab Al Hanbali, Nizar Mustafa Al Baz Bookshop, Mecca, No edition Number, 1999
A.D.
تيسير الكريم الرحمن في تفسير ك م المنان، لعبد الرحمن بن ناصر بن السعدي، تحقيق: عبد الرحمن بن مع اللويحق، مؤسسة الرسالة، -11
م 2000هـ /1420روت، الطبعة: األولى، بي
Taysir Al Kareem Al Rahman Fi Tafsir Al Quran, Abdulrahman Bin Nasir Al Saadi, Verified by:
Abdulrahman Bin Muala Al Luweihiq, A Resala , Beirut, 1st Edition, 2000A.D/ 1420 A.H.
الفصول، لعبد المؤمن بن عبد الحق البغدادي الحنبلي، الطبعة الثانية، بدون تاريخ.تيسير الوصول إلى قواعد األصول ومعاقد -12
Tayseer Al Wusul Ila Qawaed Al Usul wa Maaqid Al Fusul, Abdul Muamen Bin Abdel Haq Al
Baghdadi Al Hanbali, 2nd
Edition, No date.
م.1998ي، تحقيق: بشار عواد معروف، دار الجيل، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، الجامع الكبير، ألبي عيسى محمد بن عيسى الترمذ -13
Al Jamea Al Kabeer, Abu Isa Mohammed Bin Isa Al Termithi, Verified by: Bashar Awwad Maaruf,
Dar Al Jil, Beirut, 2nd
Edition, 1998 A.D.
صلى هللا عليه وسلم وسننه وأيامه،لمحمد بن إسماعيل بن إبراهيم بن المغيرة الجامع المسند الصحيح المختصر من أمور رسول هللا -14
البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، دار طوح النجاة، الرياض، الطبعة األولى، بدون تاريخ.
Al Jamea Al Musnad A Sahih Al Mukhtasar Min Umor Rasoul Allah Salla Allah Alaih Wa Sallam (The
Brief Sound Collection of the Prophetic Traditions) Sunnatih Wa Ayyamih, Mohammed Bin Ismail Bin
Ibrahim Bin Al Mughira Al Bukhare, Verified by: Mohammed Zuheir Bin Nasir A Nassir, Dar Tawq Al
Najah, Riyad, 1st Edition, No date.
ن، ألبي عبد هللا محمد بن أحمد بن أبي بكر القرطبي، تحقيق: هشام سمير البخاري، دار عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة الجامع ألحكام القرآ -15
م.2003هـ / 1423األولى،
Al Jamea Li Ahkam Al Quran, Abu Abdullah Mohammed Bin Ahmad Bin Abi Bakr Al Qortobi,
Verified by: Hishaam Samir Al Bukhari, Alam Al Kotub Printing House, Beirut , 1st Edition, 2003 A.D/
1423 A.H.
روح المعاني في تفسير القرآن العظيم والسبع المثاني، لشهاب الدين محمود ابن عبدهللا الحسيني األلوسي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، -16
بيروت، بدون طبعة ول تاريخ.
Rouh Al Maani Fi Tafsir Al Quran Al KarreemWa Al Saba Al Mathani(Explanation of Spirit’s
Meanings of theHoly Quran and Surat Al Fatiha) , Shihab Addin Mahmoud Bin Abdullah Mahmoud
Bin Abdullah Al Houseini Al Alousi, Dar Ihiaa Al Turath Al Arabi, Beirut, No edition number or date
are available.
جستاني، دار الكتاب العربي، بيروت، بدون -17 سنن أبي داود بحاشيته عون المعبود، ألبي داود سليمان بن األشعث بن إسحاح األزدي الس
طبعة ول تاريخ.
Sunan Abi Dawood with its Margin Awn Al Maaboud, Abu Dawud Sulaiman Bin Al Ashath Bin Ishaq
Al Azadi Al Sajustani, Dar Al Kitab Al Arabi, Beirut, No edition or date are available.
سنن الدارقطني وبذيله التعليق المغني على الدارقطني، لعلي بن عمر بن أحمد البغدادي الدارقطني، تحقيق: شعيب األرناؤوط وآخرون، -18
م.2004هـ / 1424مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة األولى،
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Sunan ADarqatani emarginated with Attaliq Al Mughni on Adarqatani, Ali Bin Umar Bin Ahmad Al
Baghdadi Alddarqatani, Verified by: Shuaib Arnaout eta, A Resalah , Beirut, 1st Edition,2004A.D./
1424A.H.
هـ.1400لي بن برهان الدين الحلبي، دار المعرفة، بيروت، بدون طبعة، السيرة الحلبية في سيرة األمين المأمون، لع -19
ASirah Al Halabeyah fi Sirat Al Amin Al Mamoun (Halabian Narration of Prophetic Tradition), Ali Bin
Burhan Addin Al Halabi, Dar Al Maerefa, Beirut, No edition number, 1400 A.H.
شرح األربعين النووية في األحاديث الصحيحة النبوية، لمحمد بن علي القشيري، المعروف بابن دقيق العيد، مؤسسة الريان، مصر، -20
م. 2003هـ / 1424الطبعة السادسة،
Sharh Al Arbain Al Nawaweyyah fi Al Ahadith Asahiha Annabaweyah (Explanation of Forty Nawawi
Hadiths), Mohammed Bin Ali Al Qusheiri “Ibn Daqiq Al Eid, A Rayyan ,Egypt, 6th Edition,
2003A.D/1424 A.H.
شرح معاني اآلوار، أحمد بن محمد بن األزدي المعروف بالطحاوي، تحقيق: محمد زهري النجار، عالم الكتب، بيروت، الطبعة األولى، -21
م. 1994هـ / 1414
Sharh Maani Al Athar (Explanation of Prophetic Traditions’ Meaning), Ahmad Bin Mohammed Al
Azadi known as At Tahawi, Verified by: Mohammed Zahri An Najjar, Alam Al Kutub, Beirut, 1st
Edition, 1994A,D, 1414 A.H
بن أبي الحديد، تحقيق: محمد أبو الفضل إبراهيم، دار احياء الكتب شرح نهج الب خة، لعبد الحميد بن هبة هللا بن محمد بن الحسين -22
العربية ، مصر، بدون طبعة ول تاريخ.
Explanation of Nahj Al Balagha, Abdul HameedBin Hiba Allah Bin Mohammed Bin AlHussein Bin
Abi Hadid, Verified by: Mohammed Abu Al Fadel Ibrahim, Dar Ihyaa Al Kutub Al Arabeyia, Egypt,
No edition or date.
صحيح ابن حبان بترتيب ابن بلبان، لمحمد بن حبان بن أحمد بن حبان البستي، تحقيق: شعيب األرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، -23
م.1993هـ/ 1414الطبعة الثانية،
Sahih Bin Habban, Bitartib Ibn Balban, Mohammed Bin Habban Bin Ahmad Bin Habban Al Busti,
Verified by: Sheib Arnaout, Ar Resala , Beirut, 2nd
Edition, 1993 A.D, 1414A.H.
صحيح مسلم، ألبي الحسين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم القشيري النيسابوري، دار الجيل، بيروت، بدون طبعة ول تاريخ. -24
Sahih Muslim, Abu Hussein Muslim Bin HajjajBin Muslim Al Qushiri An Naysaburi, Al Jeel Printing
House, Beirut., No Edition or date.
علم أصول الفقه، لعبد الوهاب خ ف، مكتبة الدعوة شباب األزهر، ،دار القلم، بيروت، الطبعة الثامنة، بدون تاريخ. -25
Elm Usul Al Fiqh(Science of Foundation of Juresprudance), Abdul Wahab Khilaf, Adawa Shabab Al
Azhar Bookstore, Al Qalam Publishin House, Beirut, 8th Edition, no date.
فتح الباري، ألحمد بن علي بن محمد بن حجر العسق ني، تحقيق: عبد العليل بن عبد هللا بن باز ومحب الدين الخطيب، دار الفكر، -26
طبعة ول تاريخ. بيروت، بدون
Fath Al Bari, Ahmad Bin Ali Bin Mohammed Bin Hajar Al Asqalani, Verified by: Abdul Aziz Bin
Abdullah Bin Baz and Mohid Addin Al Khatib, Al Fikr Publishing House, Beirut, No Edition or Date.
م.1986هـ / 1407البركتي، الصدف ببلشرز، كراتشي، بدون طبعة، قواعد الفقه، لمحمد عميم اإلحسان المجددي -27
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Qawaed Al Fiqh(Rules of Juresprudance), Mohammed Amim Al Ihsan Al Mujdidi Al Barkati, Al sadf
Biblsharz, No edition, 1986A.D, 1407 A.H
ن رجب الحنبلي، تحقيق: طه عبد الرؤوف سعد، مكتبة الكليات األزهرية، القواعد في الفقه اإلس مي، ألبي الفرج عبد الرحمن بن أحمد ب -28
م.1971هـ/1391مصر، الطبعة األولى،
Qawaed Al Fiqh Al Islami( Rules of Islamic Juresprudence), Abu Faraj AbdulRahman Bin Ahmad Bin
Rajab Al Hanbali, Verified by: Taha Abdul Raaouf Saad, Library of Azhar Faculties, Egypt, 1st
Edition, 1971 A.D/1391 A.H
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م.2000طبعة،
Al Muhkam Wa Al Muhit Al Atham, Abu Hassan Ali Bin IsmailBin Seduh Al Mursi, Verified by: Abdul
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مسند اإلمام أحمد بن حنبل، ألبي عبد هللا أحمد بن محمد بن حنبل الشيباني، تحقيق: شعيب األرنؤوط، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، الطبعة -30
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Musnad Al Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Abu Abdullah Ahmad Bin Mohammad Bin Hanbal A Shibani,
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حمن األعظمي، المكتب اإلس مي، المصنف، ألبي بكر عبد الرزاح بن همام بن نافع الحميري اليماني الصنعاني، تحقيق:حبيب الر -31
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Al Mufasal Fi Tareikh al Arab Qabl Al Islam( The detailed of Arab History Before Islam), Jawad Ali,
Dar Al Saqi, 4th Edition, 2001 A.D, 1422 A.H
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م.1997هـ/ 1417األولى،
Al Muwafaqat, Ibrahim Bin Mousa Bin Mohammed Al Lakhmi Al Qarnati Known as Al Shatibi,
Verified by : Mashour Hasan Salma, Dar Bin /affan, //////////Egypt, 1st Edition, 1997A.D/ 1417 A.H.
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Beirut, 1st Edition, 2004 A.D/1424 A.H.
2007الوجيل في مباد القانون الدولي العام: الدكتور خازي حسن صباريني ، الطبعة األولى، دار الثقافة للنشر والتوزيع،عمان -35
Al Wajiz Fi Al Qanoun al Dawli Al Am(The Brief about Principles of General International Law), Dr.
Ghazi Hassan Sabarini, 1st Editon, Dar Ath Thaqafa, Amman, 2007.
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ثانيا :المواقع االلكترونية:
مازن محارب ، دراسة في الفكر الجيوستراتيجي حول قوة الدولة، مورفولوجية الحدود السياسية (1
http://awu-dam.net 15-2=2010
2) 15-2-2010 http://www.moqatel.com
\news\archiveم 2008\2\2هـ ـ 1429\1\25الجليرة نت: السبت (3
\http://www.aljazeera.net
موقع أخبار سيناء، المحامي ع ء الكاشف رئيس اللجنة الشعبية لحقوح المواطن في سيناء (4
:sinainews.word press.com \\http
بهاء الدين األخا، دراسة حول آوار الجدار الفولذي على البيئة الطبيعية في خلة، سلطة جودة البيئة، (5
ps –gov www.environment:\\http م2010ـ 1ـ 25خلة، تاريخ النشر
www.insanonline.netكمال الشورطي، الجدار الفولذي كاروة نفسية ألهالي خلة، نابلس، فلسطين (6
الدكتور/ محمد رمضان األخا، ندوة خاصة حول األوار البيئية للجدار بين مصر وخلة، وزارة اللراعة ، (7
http://alaraniews.comوني خلة، منشور على الموقع اللكتر
م.2010\2\22هـ الموافق 1431\ربيع أول\8بتاريخ 4ص 988صحيفة فلسطين العدد (8
Second: Websites:
1. Mazen Muhareb, A Study in the Geostrategic Thinking About the Concept of the Power
of the State. Political Borders Morphology[online].Available: http://awu-dam.net.
[accessed 15th
February 2010].
2. Anon (2010). [online] http://www.moqatel.com .[ accessed 15th
February 2010].
3. Anon(2010)Al Jazeera Net.[online]. Available: http://www.aljazeera.net /news/archive.
[accessed 2nd
February2008 A.D corresponding to 25th
Muharam1429 A.H].
4. Advocate Alaa Al Kashif Head of Public Committee for the right of civilian in
Sinai(2010). Sinai News Website,[online].Available: http\\:sinainews.word press.com .
5. Bahaa Addin Al Agha(2010), A Study of the Impacts of the Iron Wall on the Landscape
of the Gaza Strip. Water Quality Authority. Gaza. Available: www.environment http\\
gov – ps [accessed on 25th
January 2010].
6. Kamal Al Shorti (2010) Iron Wall is a Catastrophe for People of Gaza. Nablus,
Palestine.[online]. Available: www.insanonline.net . 7. Dr. Mohamed Ramadan Al Agha. A Special Session about the Environmental Impacts
for Constructing between Egypt and Gaza Strip. Ministry of Agriculture. Gaza.[online].
Available: http://alaraniews.com.
8. Filasteen Newspaper. Issue (988) page 4.[22nd
February 2010 corresponding to 4th
Rabea Awwal 1431].
ثالثا : االتفاقيات الدولية:
–اتفاقية جنيف الرابعة بشأن حماية األشخاص المدنيين وقت الحرب ، القسم الثالث ، األراضي المحتلة (1
62 – 47المواد من
موسوعة اتفاقيات القانون الدولي اإلنساني ، شريف عتلم ومحمد عبد الواحد، إصدار بعثة اللجنة الدولية (2
. 212-208للصليب األحمر بالقاهرة، بدون سنة نشر، ص
( من النظام األساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية .6المادة ) (3
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جامعة منيسوتا ك مكتبة حقوح اإلنسان ، اتفاقية منع جريمة اإلبادة الجماعية والمعاقب عليها _، حقوح (4
، رقم 1993اإلنسان: مجموعة صكوك دولية، المجلد األول، األمم المتحدة، نيويورك،
.939، ص A.94.XIV-Vol.1, Part 1المبيع
Third: International Agreements:
1. The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War
Third Section, Occupied Territories-Articles from(47-62).
2. Agreements of International Humanitarian Law Encyclopedia, Sharif Atlam and
Mohammed Abdul Wahid, ICRC in Cairo, No date, (208-212).
3. Article (6) of the Basic System of the International Criminal Court. 4. Minnesota University, Human Rights Library, Prohibition of Genocide, Human Rights:
A Group of International Records, First Volume, United Nations, New York, 1993,
A.94.XIV-Vol.1, Part 1, Page 939.
Footnotes: ال.وامش i 58األحزال
Surat Al Ahzab: 58
ii 16/222اآللوم اوح الم، ن تمميا القاآر الاي والم ع الم ن
Al Alosi: Rouh Al Maani Fi Tafsir Al Quran Wa Al Saba Al Mathani:(222/16) iii 29مواو النم مر اآليح
Surat An Nisaa: From verse 29 iv .ل أج ل تخايج ك مع او ال حا
No chain of authorities was found v 4/30اآللوم اوح الم، ن
Al Alousi: Rouh Al Maani:( 30/4)
vi أخاجدددد ال خدددد ا دددد صددددحيح ا تدددد ل الدددد ي ، ا دددد ل قددددول ال ت،دددد لو "أر الددددنمس دددد لنمس..." ا اقدددد الحدددد يا
اقددددددددددددد ا وأخاج ممم صحيح ا ت ل القم مح والمح ا ير ا ل م ي ح الممم ا 9/5 ا 6878 .5/106 ا 4468الح يا
Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Al Bukhari, Book: (Diyyat), Chapter:( What
narrated about Allah: A human soul is ……), Hadith No. : 19(6878), (5/9), and its chain of
authorities is also stated in Sahih Muslim , Book of (Division and Fighters) (Qisama Wa Al
Muharibin). Chapter: (Cases where killing a Muslim is permissible), Hadith No. (4468),
(106/5).
vii ا 2785 ددد صدددحيح ا تددد ل الجهددد والمددديا ا ددد لا ضدددل الجهددد والمددديا ا اقددد الحددد يا أخاجددد ال خددد ا 4/15.
Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Al Bukhari. Book of : (Commands) (Al Wasaya).
Chapter: (Al Kabaer) (Seven Great Sins): Hadith No.: (272), (64/1).
viii 16/288أ و ح م ا شاح نه ال وحا.
Abu Hamid, The explanation of Nahj Al Balagha (16\288)
(ix) 7/220لم جوا ا الممصل ت ايظ ال،ال ق ل اإلم ا Ali Jawad, Al Mufassal fi Tareikh Al Arab Qabl Al Islam " The detailed history of Arab in the
pre-Islam era"
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x ،10مواو الحجاا. Surat Al Hujurat: (10)
xi 71مواو التو ح. Surat At Tawba: (71)
xii 17مواو األنم ل. Surat Al Anfal: (17)
xiii8/20 ا 6751ت ل ال ا والصمح واأل الا ل تااح الم منير ا اق الح يا أخاج ممم صحيح ا. Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and
joining the ties), chapter of: (There should be mutual fellow-feeling and love and will to help
each other among believers) (Hadith No. : (6751), (8/20).
xiv 8/10 ا 6706 أخاج ممم صحيح ا ت ل ال ا والصمح واآل ال ل تحاي رم الممم ا اق الح يا .
Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and
joining the ties), chapter of: (It is forbidden to commit oppression) (Hadith No. : (6706),
(10/8).
xv 1/90 ا ر قيل ال،ي ا شاح األا ،ير النوويح.
Ibn Daqiq El Eid: The Explanation of the Forty Nawawi Hadiths: (1/90)
xvi 5/97ال ا شاح صحيك ال خ ا ا ر حجا ال،مق ن ا تك. Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani, Fath al Bari fi sharh Sahih Al Bukhari: (5/97)
xvii ا 6747 أخاجدد ممددم دد صددحيح ا تدد ل ال ددا والصددمح واأل ل ا دد ل نصددا األ ر لمدد ك أو مرمومدد ك ا ح 8/19 .
Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and
joining the ties), chapter of: (Help your brother whether he is oppressor or the oppressed one)
(Hadith No. : (6747), (8/19).
xviii 2/475 لم ر اه ر الحم ا المياو الحم يح.
Ali Burhan al Halabi, Al Seira al Halabeya: (2/475)
xix 5/145 النويا ا نه يح األال نور األ ل. Al Nuwiri, Nihaya Al Arb fi Funoon Al Adab: (5/145)
xx 36 مواو النم. Surat An Nisa: (36)
xxi 7 تق تخايج م.
Its chain of authorities was mentioned in prior: Page(7)
xxii ا 6016ال خددد ا ددد صدددحيح ا تددد ل األ ل ا ددد ل إ ددد مدددر يدددلمر جددد اص وا قددد ا اقددد الحددد يا أخاجددد 8/10.
Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Al Bukhari. Book of :(Al Adab), Chapter of: ( Sin of
Whosoever harm a neighbor/, Hadith No.: (6016), (10/8).
xxiii1/28 ا 111خاج ال ح و شاح م، ن اآل اا ل التمميح لمو الوضو ا اق الح يا أ.
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Its chain of authorities is related in Explanation of Maani Al athar (Prophetic traditions),
Chapter of: (Mentioning the name of Allah on Wudua), Hadith No. : (111), (28/1).
xxiv ا 6855 أخاجدد ممددم دد صددحيح ا تدد ل ال ددا والصددمح وا ل ا دد ل الوصدديح لجدد ا ا اقدد الحدد يا 8/37.
Its chain of authorities is related in Sahih Muslim, Book of: (Righteousness, manners and
joining the ties), chapter of: (Benevolent treatment toward the neighbor) (Hadith No. : (6855),
(8/37).
xxv لمنشددا انرا ال توا و ز حمر ص اين ا الوجيز م الق نور ال ول ال، ا ال ،ح األولوا اا ال ق ح
124ا م 2007والتوزيعالم ر Dr. Ghazi H. Saberini, Al Wajiz fi mabadea' Al Qanon Ad-Dawli Al Am "the Brief of the
General International Law", first edition, Dar Athaqafa publishing house, Amman 2007, page
124
xxvi انرددا اتم قيددح جنيدد الاا ،ددح شددلر حم يددح األشددخ م المدد نيير وقدد، الحددال ا القمدد ال لددا ا األااضدد المحتمددح – نور الددددد ول اإلنمددددد ن ا شددددداي لدددددتم ومحمددددد ل ددددد الواحددددد ا ا مومدددددولح اتم قيددددد ، القددددد 62 – 47المدددددوا مدددددر . 12-208إص اا ، ح المجنح ال وليح لمصميل األحما لق هاوا ور منح نشاا م
Geneva Fourth Convention of Protection of Civilians on War Time, Third Section, Occupied
Territories-Articles from(47-62), Agreements of International HumanitarianLaw
Encyclopedia, Sharif Atlam and Mohammed Abdul Wahid, ICRC in Cairo, No date,
pages(208-212).
(xxvii )( من النظام األساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية .6انظر المادة ) Article (6) of the Basic System of the International Criminal Court.
(xxviii( سورة المائدة: اآلية )2.) Surat Al Maeda: Verse No. (2).
(xxxiii ) د. عبااد القااادر صااابر جاارادة، الجريمااة الدوليااة دراسااة قانونيااة تحليليااة للجاارائم المرتكبااة فااي فلسااطين والعااراح
م، 2005الجنائية الدولية، مكتباة أفااح ، خالة، األساسي للمحكمة السابقة ورواندا وفقا ألحكام نظام روما ويوخوس فيا
271ص Dr. Adbul Qader Jarada .International Crime :An Analytical Legal Study for Crimes Committed in
Palestine ,Iraq , Ex Yugoslavia and Rwanda According to Rome Statute System for the International
Convict Court, Afaq Bookshop, 2005 A.D, Page271.
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((xxxiv حقاااوح ،مناااع جريماااة اإلباااادة الجماعياااة والمعاقاااب عليهاااا _ اتفاقياااة ، اإلنساااانجامعاااة منيساااوتاك مكتباااة حقاااوح
، رقام المبياع1993المتحادة، نيوياورك، مجموعة صكوك دولية، المجلاد األول، األماماإلنسان:A.94.XIV-Vol.1, Part 1 ث
.939ص University of Minnesota, Human Rights Library, Prohibition of Genocide, Human Rights: A
Group of International Records, First Volume, United Nations, New York, 1993, A.94.XIV-
Vol.1, Part 1, Page 939.
( (xxxv 19د. عبد القادر صابر جرادة ، المرجع السابق، ص
Dr. Adbul Qader Jarada ., aforementioned, Page 19.
((xxxvi موقااااع أخبااااار ساااايناء، المحااااامي عاااا ء الكاشااااف رئاااايس اللجنااااة الشااااعبية لحقااااوح المااااواطن فااااي ساااايناء
http\\:sinainews.word press.com
Advocate Alaa Al Kashif Head of Public Committee for the right of civilian in Sinai(2010).
Sinai News Website,[online].Available: http\\:sinainews.word press.com .
((xxxviii ،بهاء الدين األخا، دراسة حول آواار الجادار الفاولذي علاى البيئاة الطبيعياة فاي خالة، سالطة جاودة البيئاة، خالة
:\\gov – ps www.environment http م2010ـ 1ـ 25تاريخ النشر
Bahaa Addin Al Agha(2010), A Study of the Impacts of the Steel Wall on the Landscape of the
Gaza Strip. Water Quality Authority. Gaza. Available: www.environment http\\ gov – ps
[accessed on 25th
January 2010].
(xxxixالااادكتور/ معاااين رجاااب، مشااااركة فاااي نااادوة خاصاااة حاااول األضااارار القتصاااادية ا ) لناشااائة عااان بنااااء الجااادار
جامعة األزهر، خلة، فلسطين.الفولذي،
Dr. Mein Rajab, Participation in A Special Session about Commercial Damages Resulting
from Constructing the Steel Wall, Al Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
(xl كمال الشورطي، الجدار الفولذي كاروة نفسية ألهالي خلة، نابلس، فلسطين )www.insanonline.net
Kamal Al Shorti (2010) Steel Wall is a Catastrophe for People of Gaza. Nablus,
Palestine.[online]. Available: www.insanonline.net .
xli وددددددددزوا منشددددددددوا ال توا/ محم امض ر األو ا ن وو خ صح حول األ ا ال ي يح لمج اا ير مصا ووزوا وزااو الزاالحا http://alaraniews.comلمو الموقع ا لتاون
Dr. Mohamed Ramadan Al Agha. A Special Session about the Environmental Impacts for
Constructing between Egypt and Gaza Strip. Ministry of Agriculture. Gaza. [online].
Available: http://alaraniews.com.