1. Addition Transitions

andalsobesidesfirst, second, thirdin additionin the first place, in the second place, in the third placefurthermoremoreoverto begin with, next, finally

Example"In the first place, no 'burning' in the sense of combustion, as in the burning of wood, occurs in a volcano;moreover, volcanoes are not necessarily mountains;furthermore, the activity takes place not always at the summit but more commonly on the sides or flanks;and finally, the 'smoke' is not smoke but condensed steam."(Fred Bullard,Volcanoes in History, in Theory, in Eruption)

2. Cause-Effect Transitions

accordinglyand soas a resultconsequentlyfor this reasonhencesothenthereforethus

Example"The study of human chromosomes is in its infancy,and soit has only recently become possible to study the effect of environmental factors upon them."(Rachel Carson,Silent Spring)

3. Comparison Transitions

by the same tokenin like mannerin the same wayin similar fashionlikewisesimilarly

Example"The heaping together of paintings by Old Masters in museums is a catastrophe;likewise, a collection of a hundred Great Brains makes one big fathead."(Carl Jung, "Civilization in Transition")

4. Contrast Transitions

buthoweverin contrastinsteadneverthelesson the contraryon the other handstillyet

Example"Every American, to the last man, lays claim to a 'sense' of humor and guards it as his most significant spiritual trait,yetrejects humor as a contaminating element wherever found. America is a nation of comics and comedians;nevertheless, humor has no stature and is accepted only after the death of the perpetrator."(E. B. White, "The Humor Paradox")

5. Conclusion and Summary Transitions

and soafter allat lastfinallyin briefin closingin conclusionon the wholeto concludeto summarize

Example"We should teach that words are not the things to which they refer. We should teach that words are best understood as convenient tools for handling reality. . . .Finally, we should teach widely that new words can and should be invented if the need arises."(Karol Janicki,Language Misconceived)

6. Example Transitions

as an examplefor examplefor instancespecificallythusto illustrate

Example"With all the ingenuity involved in hiding delicacies on the body, this process automatically excludes certain foods.For example, a turkey sandwich is welcome, but the cumbersome cantaloupe is not."(Steve Martin, "How to Fold Soup")

7. Insistence Transitions

in factindeednoyes

Example"The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood.Indeedthe world is ruled by little else."(John Maynard Keynes,The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money)

8. Place Transitions

abovealongsidebeneathbeyondfarther alongin backin frontnearbyon top ofto the leftto the rightunderupon

Example"Where the wall turns upto the rightyou can continue by the beck but a better path is to be found by turning with the wall and then goingto the leftthrough the bracken."(Jim Grindle,One Hundred Hill Walks in the Lake District)

9. Restatement Transitions

in other wordsin shortin simpler termsthat isto put it differentlyto repeat

Example"Anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer studied the few peaceful human tribes and discovered one common characteristic: sex roles were not polarized. Differences of dress and occupation were at a minimum. Society,in other words, was not using sexual blackmail as a way of getting women to do cheap labor, or men to be aggressive."(Gloria Steinem, "What It Would Be Like If Women Win")

10. Time Transitions

afterwardat the same timecurrentlyearlierformerlyimmediatelyin the futurein the meantimein the pastlatermeanwhilepreviouslysimultaneouslysubsequentlythenuntil now

ExampleAt first a toy,thena mode of transportation for the rich, the automobile was designed as man's mechanical servant.Laterit became part of the pattern of living.

Transitions of Logic

MilderStronger

Additiona further xandand thenthenalsotoonextanotherothernorfurtherfurthermoremoreoverin additionadditionallybesidesagainequally importantfirst, secondfinally, last

Comparisonjust as ... so tooa similar xanother x likesimilarlycomparablein the same waylikewise

Contrastbutyetand yetstillotherwiseorthoughbut anotherratherhoweverstillneverthelesson the other handon the contraryeven sonotwithstandingfor all thatin contrastalternativelyat the same timethough this may beotherwiseinsteadnonethelessconversely

Timethennowsoonafterwardlatershortlyearlierrecentlyfirst, second, thirdnextbeforeaftertodaytomorrowmeanwhileat lengthpresentlyat lastfinallyimmediatelythereafterat that timesubsequentlyeventuallycurrentlyin the meantimein the pastin the future

Purposeto do thisso thatto this endwith this objectfor this purposefor that reasonbecause of this x

Placethereherebeyondnearbynext toat that pointopposite toadjacent toon the other sidein the frontin the back

Resultsoand sothenhencethereforeaccordinglyconsequentlythusthereuponas a resultin consequence

Examplethat isspecificallyin particularfor one thingfor examplefor instancean instance of thisthis can be seen in

Summary and Emphasisin sumgenerallyafter allby the wayin generalincidentallynaturallyI hopeat leastit seemsin briefI supposein shorton the wholeas I saidin other wordsto be surein factindeedclearlyof courseanywayremarkablyI thinkassuredlydefinitelywithout doubtfor all thaton the wholein any eventimportantlycertainly

IllustrationThus, for example, for instance, namely, to illustrate, in other words, in particular, specifically, such as.ContrastOn the contrary, contrarily, notwithstanding, but, however, nevertheless, in spite of, in contrast, yet, on one hand, on the other hand, rather, or, nor, conversely, at the same time, while this may be true.AdditionAnd, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, than, too, also, both-and, another, equally important, first, second, etc., again, further, last, finally, not only-but also, as well as, in the second place, next, likewise, similarly, in fact, as a result, consequently, in the same way, for example, for instance, however, thus, therefore, otherwise.TimeAfter, afterward, before, then, once, next, last, at last, at length, first, second, etc., at first, formerly, rarely, usually, another, finally, soon, meanwhile, at the same time, for a minute, hour, day, etc., during the morning, day, week, etc., most important, later, ordinarily, to begin with, afterwards, generally, in order to, subsequently, previously, in the meantime, immediately, eventually, concurrently, simultaneously.SpaceAt the left, at the right, in the center, on the side, along the edge, on top, below, beneath, under, around, above, over, straight ahead, at the top, at the bottom, surrounding, opposite, at the rear, at the front, in front of, beside, behind, next to, nearby, in the distance, beyond, in the forefront, in the foreground, within sight, out of sight, across, under, nearer, adjacent, in the background.ConcessionAlthough, at any rate, at least, still, thought, even though, granted that, while it may be true, in spite of, of course.Similarity or ComparisonSimilarly, likewise, in like fashion, in like manner, analogous to.EmphasisAbove all, indeed, truly, of course, certainly, surely, in fact, really, in truth, again, besides, also, furthermore, in addition.DetailsSpecifically, especially, in particular, to explain, to list, to enumerate, in detail, namely, including.ExamplesFor example, for instance, to illustrate, thus, in other words, as an illustration, in particular.Consequence or ResultSo that, with the result that, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, for this reason, therefore, so, because, since, due to, as a result, in other words, then.SummaryTherefore, finally, consequently, thus, in short, in conclusion, in brief, as a result, accordingly.

To Add:

and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)

To Compare:

whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true

To Prove:

because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is

To Show Exception:

yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes

To Show Time:

immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then

To Repeat:

in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted

To Emphasize:

definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation

To Show Sequence:

first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon

To Give an Example:

for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate

To Summarize or Conclude:

in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently