transcription. table 13-1 structure of rna polymerases prokaryoticeukaryotic
TRANSCRIPT
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Transcription
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Table 13-1
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Structure of RNA polymerases
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
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Transcription phases
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Sigma 70 promoters
Transcription start site
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Frequency of nucleotides in various sigma 70 promoters
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Table 13-1
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Bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme
Sigma subunit
Promoter binding by the bacterial RNA polymeraserequires a sigma subunit
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Binding of sigma 70 to promoter elements
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Carboxy terminal domain Non- template domain
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Transcription phases
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Sigma 70 promotes melting of DNA by flipping twobases out of the double helix
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The open complex and its channels
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Models for abortive transcription
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The elongation process
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Figure 12.13 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
Cleavage is promotedby proteins GreA and GreB
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The rho protein is required for rho-dependenttermination of transcription in bacteria
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Figure 12.7 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
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Rho-independent transcription termination requires a sequence of dyad symmetry followed by 8 A/T bp
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Disruption of the ternary DNA-RNA-RNA polymerasecomplex by a termination stem-loop structure
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Table 13-1
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Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters are complex
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Table 13-2
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Initiation of transcriptionat RNA polymerase IIpromoters
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The TATA-binding protein bends the DNA
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TBP recruits TFIIB to the promoter
TFIIB
TBP
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The preinitiation complex interacts with activatorsand chromatin modeling factors via a mediator complex
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Mediator complexes consist of many subunits thatprobably interact with different activators
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Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain tail is required for promoter escape of RNA polymerase II
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Elongation factors increase the processivity ofRNA polymerases
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FACT disassembles and assembles nucleosomesduring transcription
FACT
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RNA processing proteins are attached to the CTDtail of RNA polymerase II
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Addition of a 5’ cap occurs after promoterescape
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RNA processing proteins are attached to the CTDtail of RNA polymerase II
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Termination of transcriptionis linked to polyadenylationof transcripts
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Two models for termination of transcription in eukaryotes
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Table 11.3 Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)
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Elements in RNA polymerase I promoters
(RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA genes)
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Elements in RNA polymerase III promoters