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Transcranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarm Team 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, Yaser Shanjani, Eric Trac Mentors: Bruce Davis, Bill Thatcher

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Page 1: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Transcranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia

iFarm Team 3Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, Yaser Shanjani, Eric Trac

Mentors: Bruce Davis, Bill Thatcher

Page 2: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Pain

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Page 3: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Transcranial Electro‐stimulation (TES)for Analgesia

WHAT IS IT:• Non‐invasive and non‐

pharmacological approach to relieving pain (analgesia)

HOW IT WORKS:• Electro‐stimulation is applied 

through two or more electrodes– The exact mechanism is unclear– Likely modulates the nerve fibers 

and nociceptors responsible for transmission of pain. 

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Page 4: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Two Niches

Obstructive sleep apnea surgery Cervical spine injury4

Page 5: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

What is obstructive sleep apnea?

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Page 6: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Epidemiology

• 20‐30% of males and 10‐15% of females have or will develop obstructive sleep apnea

• Increased risk through aging• Increased risk if obese• The most severe cases are indicated for sleep apnea surgery called uvulopalatopharyngoplasty

6Source: UpToDate

Page 7: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Obstructive sleep apnea surgery

• General anesthesia has two major components:– Sedation– Analgesia

• TES provides an alternate to opioid induced analgesia– Roughly 20‐25% of sleep apnea surgery patients have adverse reactions to opioids

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Page 8: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

The Need

• 33,000 sleep apnea surgeries per year in US– About 8,000 surgeries have adverse reactions to opioids

• $5‐10k per surgery, covered by insurance• Extended OR time resulting from complications is covered by the hospital

• Additional need from patients with undiagnosed sleep apnea who present for surgery for other conditions

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Page 9: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Our Vision

• Use during operation for patients indicated for sleep apnea surgery

• Expand use for patients with less severe sleep apnea who present for surgery for other conditions

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Page 10: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Benefits for Spinal Cord Injury Patients

• Quicker relief, and better maintenance

• Reduced overall costs• Reduction of pain caused depression • Increased energy level• Better sleep• No related deaths or overdoses• Not addictive• No side effects • Most importantly – increased 

functionality and productivity

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Page 11: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Current Alliance & Interest

• VA has set up a team to work with Dr. Nekhendzyand test the device

• Immediate funding for preliminary data findings –up to 1 year 

• Estimate strong support from DOD to fund this project – up to $500,000 per year

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Page 12: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Nearly $18 billion was spent in care of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients in the US, with an estimated $60 billion being 

spent globally

Approximately 200,000 US patients12

Page 13: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Benefits for Insurers and Manufacture of SCI Patients

Estimated Cost Comparison

Current SCI costs $90,000 perpatient

TES device $600

Value to  Insurer:• Less Costly• Easier set up• Heathier• Quicker pain relief• Large variety of patient populations  

to benefit

Value to manufacturer:• Holding initial patient, would open 

entire market• Ability to tie device to future apps

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Page 14: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

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Wearable medical device

Page 15: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Metrics

• Patient safety• Patient centeredness• Outcomes• Value

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Page 16: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Regulatory PathwayClass I

Class II

Class III

Class II ?

Class I ?

yes

yes

no

no

SubstantiallyEquivalent? 510(k)

PMA

PMA

Transcranial Electrostimulation (TES) or Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES)

Substantially equivalent to a Class II device?• Electrical Stimulation (CPT 97032): 

• Not substantially equivalent• Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation: 

• Not approved. Investigational only

Likely requires a PMA

http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofMedicalProductsandTobacco/CDRH/CDRHTransparency/ucm203018.htm

yes

no

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Page 17: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Key Partners

• key partners: – Hospitals and individual doctors

• key suppliers: – Signal generator device manufacturer and electrode manufacturer

• key resources we will acquire from partners: – Electrical and mechanical components

• key activities partners perform: – Research, clinical studies, evaluation

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Page 18: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Key Partners

• Motivations for Partnerships: – Facilitating patient treatment– Higher success rate in high risk surgeries

• Optimization and economy: – Attraction of higher number of patients– Higher cash flow

• Reduction of risk and uncertainty:– Obtaining endorsement from hospitals and doctors– Managing supply purchases based on customer’s orders

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Page 19: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Revenue• Revenue model 

– Start in hospitals/doctors’ offices– Move to home use

• Start up– Angel/Crowd Sourcing

• Mainstream– Partners/Venture Capital

• Pricing tactics (Estimated price customer willing to pay)– CPAP device currently selling for $450 ‐ $900 – EPAP devices (nasal devices) $15 ‐ $30– Oral appliances for sleep apnea device $60 ‐ $100

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Page 20: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Funding options/sources

• Internal– Coulter – Bio‐X

• External– NIH– DoD

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Page 21: Transcranial Electrostimulation for AnalgesiaTranscranial Electrostimulation for Analgesia iFarmTeam 3 Elizabeth Esponnette, Brenda Koehler, Eric Reuland, YaserShanjani, Eric Trac

Next Steps

• Closely monitor current studies at Stanford Hospital and VA.

• Learn Stanford's requirements for fundraising, how to set up account.

• Evaluate and arrange revenue streams for continued research:  Crowd Sourcing or Mainstream Partner.

• Research FDA requirements and timelines.

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