training lambs to be weed-eaters experiments on the efficiency of ovis airies for use in the...
TRANSCRIPT
Training Lambs to be Weed-eaters
Experiments on the efficiency of Ovis airies for use in the biological control of Brachypodium sylvaticum- a
non-native bunchgrass
Ryan Scholz-Junior; Animal Sciences/ Bioresource Research
Dr. Howard Meyers-Professor; OSU Dept. Animal Sciences
Dr. Deborah Clark-Sr. Instructor; OSU Biology Program
Control
– Grazing• Observations at OSU
indicate grazing is effective
• Studies are underway to investigate this
– H. H. Meyer
• Relatively low palatability?
– Nutrition Tests
– Endophyte Tests
Grazed Un-Grazed
Planned Studies
• Pasture Training– Lambs to be grazed with mothers on B. sylvaticum
• Bummer Lamb Training– Bummer lambs to be fed B. sylvaticum
• Seed Viability• Nutritional Analysis
Hypothesis
• Lambs grazed on B. sylvaticum with their mothers prior to weaning will have an increased affinity for B. sylvaticum as adults when compared to unexposed sheep.
Experimental Design
• Pre-Trial Training– Treatment- Grazed on B.
sylvaticum– Control- Grazed on
standard pasture– All lambs grazing for 3
week training period• First 2 weeks with ewes
• Last week weaned
Experimental Design
• Confinement Feeding Trial- wethers– Offered fresh cut B. sylvaticum after overnight fast– To determine the relative preference for B.
sylvaticum after training
• Pasture Grazing Trial- ewes– Grazed on a series of plots containing B. sylvaticum– To measure:
• Relative preference in a pasture setting• Continued preference over extended period of time
Confinement Feeding Trial
• Procedure– Lambs removed from field at 4:00pm and
individually penned– ~250g B. sylvaticum placed in each feeder at
10:00am• Allowed to eat for 30 minutes• Removed from pens• Leftover and wasted B. sylvaticum collected and weighed
– Repeated following morning
• Conducted immediately following training and again one month later
62%11%
27%
Data- Trial 2
Treatment Control
57%
22%
21%
Total Eaten Not Eaten Waste
250.0g B. sylvaticum
Analysis
• Shows training to be effective– Treatment lambs ate
more– Observations indicated
treatment lambs to be less timid when eating
• Some conditioning occurred with control– Likely situational
conditioning
Treatment
Control
Pasture Grazing Trial
• Procedure– Lambs grazed on series of 100m2 plots containing
B. sylvaticum– Four 1m2 clippings taken before and after grazing
• Determine biomass composition• Determine amount biomass removed
– Grazing patterns will be recorded using time-lapse video surveillance system
– Forage consumption and grazing patterns analyzed using forage maps
Data
Pasture Trial- Day 1
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
Treatment Control
Wei
gh
t (g
)
Beginning
Final
Analysis
• Final Analysis not complete– Observations indicate
training to be effective• Treatment lambs
consumed more B. sylvaticum
• Treatment lambs spent more time grazing
• Trial cut short due to uncontrollable circumstances
Further Planned Research
• Yearling trial– Ewe lambs will be kept– Pasture trial will be repeated with same lambs next
summer• Determine the continued preference over extended time
• Study replication
Hypothesis
Orphan lambs which are fed milk replacer containing B. sylvaticum will have an increased affinity for B. sylvaticum as adults when compared to unexposed sheep.
Experimental Design
• Breeding/ lambing– 25 ewes given luteinizing hormone for estrus
synchronization, and bred– Labor induced using hormone treatment
• Lamb Care– Lambs divided into control and experimental groups– Experimental lambs receive milk replacer with B.
sylvaticum juice
• Confinement feeding trial– Lambs will undergo same confinement feeding trial
as pasture raised lambs.
Hypothesis
• B. sylvaticum seeds digested and later deposited by Ovis airies will have a significantly diminished ability to germinate.
Experimental Design
• To determine the risk of further spread of B. sylvaticum through seeds deposited by sheep used for control.
• Two Trials– Forage Diet
• Sheep on forage diet to achieve similar ruminal micro biotic content as grazing sheep
– Concentrate Diet• To facilitate easy and accurate recovery of seeds from
feces
Experimental Design
• Ripe seeds collected and dried to ~10% moisture– B. sylcaticum– Loliium multiflorum (control)
• ~5 gram samples weighed to 1/10000g accuracy and sealed in Dacron digestion bags
• Samples inserted into rumen cannulas and allowed to digest for 72h, 48h, 24h, 12h– Control sample placed in water for 30m
Experimental Design
• After removal from rumen:– Samples washed thoroughly – Dried to ~10% moisture– Weighed to 1/10000g accuracy– Germinated in 25°C/15°C chamber
Data
• Average sample weight loss
0.0000
0.2000
0.4000
0.6000
0.8000
1.0000
1.2000
0h 12h 24h 48h 72h
Time
Weig
ht
(g)
B. sylvaticum L. multiflorum
Further Research
• Concentrate Diet Trial– Replication of Dacron bag procedure– 15g seed introduced directly into rumen
• Recovered from feces
• Further investigation into mode of digestion• Neutral/Acid Detergent Fiber tests
– Determine amount of carbohydrates digested
Purpose
• Proximate Nutritional analysis – Samples collected
throughout growth season – Allow grazing periods to
be planned to maximize :• Control of B. sylvaticum
• Nutritional benefits to sheep