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    39 RAININGREGULA IONS

    AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

    TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

    East Service Road, South Superhighwa, Taguig Cit, Metro Ma!i"a

    HEAT TREATMENT NC II

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR(AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING SUB SECTOR)

    HEA REA MEN NC II

    Page No.

    SECTION 1 HEAT TREATMENT NC II QUALIFICATION 1

    SECTION 2 COMPETENC STAN!AR!S

    Ba"#$ Co%&e'e$#e" 21*

    Co%%o Co%&e'e$#e" 1+2,

    Co-e Co%&e'e$#e" 233

    HEAT TREATMENT NC II

    SECTION 3 TRAINING STAN!AR!S

    3.1 C/--#$/0/% !e"#g 3*3, 3.2 T-a##g !e0#e- 3 3.3 T-a#ee E'- Re/#-e%e'" 34 3.* L#"' o5 Too0"6 E/#&%e' a7 Ma'e-#a0" 3439 3.+ T-a##g Fa$#0#'#e" *8 3., T-a#e-" Q/a0#5#$a'#o" *8 3. I"'#'/'#oa0 A""e""%e' *8

    SECTION * NATIONAL ASSESSMENT AN!CERTIFICATION ARRANGEMENTS

    *1

    ANNE: A; COMPETENC MAP *2

    !EFINITION OF TERMS *3

    AC

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    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

    3

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    TRAINING REGULATIONS FOR

    HEAT TREATMENT NC II

    SECTION 1 HEAT TREATMENT NC II QUALIFICATION

    The HEAT TREATMENT NC II Qualification consists of cometencies that a ersonmust achie!e to "e a"le to select the aroriate rocess of heat treatment to achie!e thedesired result# recording and maintaining the heat treatment information in the manufacture ofman$ other metals% It also co!ers heat treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous metals using a!ariet$ of e&uiment such as "o' t$e it t$e# "oggie t$e furnaces either gas# oil-fired orelectricall$ heated% Heat treatment techni&ues include annealing# case hardening#reciitation strengthening# temeringand &uenching%

    This Qualification is ac(aged from the cometenc$ ma of the Automoti!e Industr$

    )Manufacturing su"-sector* as sho+n in Anne' A%

    The ,nits of Cometenc$ comrising this Qualification include the follo+ing

    O!E NO. BASIC COMPETENCIES

    .//3000/. Particiate in 1or(lace Communication

    .//3000/2 1or( in Team En!ironment

    .//3000/ Practice Career Professionalism

    .//3000/4 Practice 5ccuational Health and 6afet$ Procedures

    O!E NO. COMMON COMPETENCIES

    A7T899/0 Read# Interret and Al$ Engineering :ra+ingsA7T3009/9 Perform Mensuration and Calculation

    A7T939/3 Read# Interret and Al$ 6ecifications and Manuals

    A7T939/. Perform 6ho Maintenance

    O!E NO. CORE COMPETENCIES

    A7T409304 6elect Heat Treatment Process

    A7T40930; Perform Heat Treatment Process

    A erson +ho has achie!ed this Qualification is cometent to "e

    Hea' T-ea'e-

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(metallurgy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_hardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_strengtheninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(metallurgy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_hardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_strengtheninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quench
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    SECTION 2 COMPETENC STAN!AR!S

    This section gi!es the details of the contents of the "asic# common and core units ofcometenc$ re&uired in HEAT TREATMENT NC II%

    BASIC COMPETENCIES

    UNIT OF COMPETENC ; PARTICIPATE IN =OR

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% Aroriate sources 0%0 Team mem"ers

    0%9 6uliers0%3 Trade ersonnel

    0%8 7ocal go!ernment

    0%. Industr$ "odies

    9% Medium 9%0 Memorandum

    9%9 Circular

    9%3 Notice

    9%8 Information discussion

    9%. @ollo+-u or !er"al instructions

    9%2 @ace to face communication

    3% 6torage 3%0 Manual filing s$stem

    3%9 Comuter-"ased filing s$stem

    8% @orms 8%0 Personnel forms# telehone message forms# safet$reorts

    .% 1or(lace interactions .%0 @ace to face

    .%9 Telehone

    .%3 Electronic and t+o +a$ radio

    .%8 1ritten including electronic# memos# instruction andforms# non-!er"al including gestures# signals# signsand diagrams

    2% Protocols 2%0 5"ser!ing meeting

    2%9 Comliance +ith meeting decisions

    2%3 5"e$ing meeting instructions

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asects ofcometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate

    0%0 Preared +ritten communication follo+ing standard

    format of the organi?ation0%9 Accessed information using communication e&uiment0%3 Made use of rele!ant terms as an aid to transfer

    information effecti!el$0%8 Con!e$ed information effecti!el$ adoting the formal or

    informal communication

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 Effecti!e communication9%9 :ifferent modes of communication9%3 1ritten communication9%8 5rgani?ational olicies9%. Communication rocedures and s$stems9%2 Technolog$ rele!ant to the enterrise and the indi!iduals

    +or( resonsi"ilities

    3% ,nderinning s(ills 3%0 @ollo+ simle so(en language3%9 Perform routine +or(lace duties follo+ing simle +ritten

    notices3%3 Particiate in +or(lace meetings and discussions3%8 Comlete +or( related documents3%. Estimate# calculate and record routine +or(lace

    measures3%2 =asic mathematical rocesses of addition# su"traction#

    di!ision and multilication3% A"ilit$ to relate to eole of social range in the +or(lace3%4 Bather and ro!ide information in resonse to +or(lace

    Re&uirements

    8% Resourceimlications

    8%0 @a' machine

    8%9 Telehone

    8%3 1riting materials

    8%8 Internet

    .% Method of

    assessment

    .%0 :irect 5"ser!ation

    .%9 5ral inter!ie+ and +ritten test

    2% Conte't ofassessment

    2%0 Cometenc$ ma$ "e assessed indi!iduall$ in the actual+or(lace or through accredited institution

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    UNIT OF COMPETENC; =OR< IN TEAM ENVIRONMENT

    UNIT CO!E ; +8831118,

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR ; This unit co!ers the s(ills# (no+ledge and attitudes to identif$role and resonsi"ilit$ as a mem"er of a team%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicized terms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% Role and o"ecti!eof team

    0%0 1or( acti!ities in a team en!ironment +ith enterrise orsecific sector

    0%9 7imited discretion# initiati!e and udgment ma$"edemonstrated on the o"# either indi!iduall$ or in a teamen!ironment

    9% 6ources ofinformation

    9%0 6tandard oerating and>or other +or(lace rocedures

    9%9 Do" rocedures

    9%3 Machine>e&uiment manufacturers secifications and

    instructions9%8 5rgani?ational or e'ternal ersonnel

    9%. Client>sulier instructions

    9%2 Qualit$ standards

    9% 5H6 and en!ironmental standards

    3% 1or(lace conte't 3%0 1or( rocedures and ractices

    3%9 Conditions of +or( en!ironments

    3%3 7egislation and industrial agreements

    3%8 6tandard +or( ractice including the storage# safehandling and disosal of chemicals

    3%. 6afet$# en!ironmental# house(eeing and &ualit$guidelines

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asects ofcometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate

    0%0 5erated in a team to comlete +or(lace acti!it$

    0%9 1or(ed effecti!el$ +ith others

    0%3 Con!e$ed information in +ritten or oral form

    0%8 6elected and used aroriate +or(lace language

    0%. @ollo+ed designated +or( lan for the o"

    0%2 Reorted outcomes

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge andattitude

    9%0 Communication rocess

    9%9 Team structure

    9%3 Team roles

    9%8 Brou lanning and decision ma(ing

    3% ,nderinning s(ills 3%0 Communicate aroriatel$# consistent +ith the culture ofthe +or(lace

    8% Resourceimlications

    The follo+ing resources MUST "e ro!ided

    8%0 Access to rele!ant +or(lace or aroriatel$ simulateden!ironment +here assessment can ta(e lace

    8%9% Materials rele!ant to the roosed acti!it$ or tas(s

    .% Method of

    assessment

    Cometenc$ ma$ "e assessed through

    .%0 5"ser!ation of the indi!idual mem"er in relation to the+or( acti!ities of the grou

    .%9 5"ser!ation of simulation and or role la$ in!ol!ing thearticiation of indi!idual mem"er to the attainment oforgani?ational goal

    .%3% Case studies and scenarios as a "asis for discussion ofissues and strategies in team+or(

    2% Conte't ofassessment

    2%0 Cometenc$ ma$ "e assessed in +or(lace or in asimulated +or(lace setting

    2%9 Assessment shall "e o"ser!ed +hile tas( are "eingunderta(en +hether indi!iduall$ or in grou

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    UNIT OF COMPETENC; PRACTICE CAREER PROFESSIONALISM

    UNIT CO!E ; +8831118

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR ; This unit co!ers the (no+ledge# s(ills and attitudes in romotingcareer gro+th and ad!ancement%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicized terms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% E!aluation 0%0 Performance Araisal0%9 Ps$chological Profile

    0%3 Atitude Tests

    9% Resources 9%0 Human9%9 @inancial9%3 Technolog$

    9%3%0 Hard+are

    9%3%9 6oft+are

    3% Trainings and careeroortunities

    3%0 Particiation in training rograms 3%0%0 Technical 3%0%9 6uer!isor$ 3%0%3 Managerial 3%0%8 Continuing Education3%9 6er!ing as Resource Persons in conferences and +or(shos

    8% Recognitions 8%0 Recommendations8%9 Citations8%3 Certificate of Areciations8%8 Commendations8%. A+ards

    8%2 Tangi"le and Intangi"le Re+ards

    .% 7icenses and>orcertifications

    .%0 National Certificates

    .%9 Certificate of Cometenc$

    .%3 6uort 7e!el 7icenses

    .%8 Professional 7icenses

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asects ofcometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate0%0 Attained o" targets +ithin (e$ result areas )RAs*

    0%9 Maintained intra - and interersonal relationshi in the courseof managing oneself "ased on erformance e!aluation

    0%3 Comleted trainings and career oortunities +hich are "asedon the re&uirements of the industries

    0%8 Ac&uired and maintained licenses and>or certificationsaccording to the re&uirement of the &ualification

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge Fattitudes

    9%0 1or( !alues and ethics )Code of Conduct# Code of Ethics#etc%*

    9%9 Coman$ olicies9%3 Coman$ oerations# rocedures and standards

    9%8 @undamental rights at +or( including gender sensiti!it$9%. Personal h$giene ractices

    3% ,nderinning s(ills 3%0 Aroriate ractice of ersonal h$giene3%9 Intra and Interersonal s(ills3%3 Communication s(ills

    8% Resourceimlications

    The follo+ing resources MUST"e ro!ided8%0 1or(lace or assessment location8%9 Case studies>scenarios

    .% Method ofassessment

    Cometenc$ ma$ "e assessed through.%0 Portfolio Assessment

    .%9 Inter!ie+.%3 6imulation>Role-la$s

    .%8 5"ser!ation

    .%. Third Part$ Reorts

    .%2 E'ams and Tests

    2% Conte't ofassessment

    2%0 Cometenc$ ma$ "e assessed in the +or( lace or in asimulated +or( lace setting

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    UNIT OF COMPETENC ; PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AN! SAFETPROCE!URES

    UNIT CO!E ; +88311184

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR ; This unit co!ers the outcomes re&uired to coml$ +ithregulator$ and organi?ational re&uirements for occuationalhealth and safet$%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedterms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% 6afet$ regulations Ma$ include "ut are not limited to0%0 Clean Air Act0%9 =uilding code0%3 National Electrical and @ire 6afet$ Codes0%8 1aste management statutes and rules0%. Philiine 5ccuational 6afet$ and Health 6tandards0%2 :57E regulations on safet$ legal re&uirements0% ECC regulations

    9% Ha?ards>Ris(s Ma$ include "ut are not limited to9%0 Ph$sical ha?ards G imact# illumination# ressure# noise#

    !i"ration# temerature# radiation9%9 =iological ha?ards- "acteria# !iruses# lants# arasites# mites#

    molds# fungi# insects9%3 Chemical ha?ards G dusts# fi"ers# mists# fumes# smo(e# gasses#

    !aors9%8 Ergonomics

    Ps$chological factors G o!er e'ertion> e'cessi!e force#

    a+(+ard>static ositions# fatigue# direct ressure# !ar$ing

    meta"olic c$cles

    Ph$siological factors G monoton$# ersonal relationshi# +or(out c$cle

    3% Contingenc$measures

    Ma$ include "ut are not limited to3%0 E!acuation3%9 Isolation3%3 :econtamination3%8 )Calling designed* emergenc$ ersonnel

    8% PPE Ma$ include "ut are not limited to8%0 Mas(8%9 Blo!es8%3 Boggles8%8 Hair Net>ca>"onnet8%. @ace mas(>shield8%2 Ear muffs8% Aron>Bo+n>co!erall>um suit8%4 Anti-static suits

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    VARIABLE RANGE

    .% Emergenc$-relateddrills and training

    .%0 @ire drill

    .%9 Earth&ua(e drill

    .%3 =asic life suort>CPR

    .%8 @irst aid

    .%. 6illage control

    .%2 :econtamination of chemical and to'ic

    .% :isaster rearedness>management

    2% 5H6 ersonalrecords

    2%0 Medical>Health records2%9 Incident reorts2%3 Accident reorts2%8 5H6-related training comleted

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asects ofcometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate0%0 E'lainedclearl$ esta"lished +or(lace safet$ andha?ard

    control ractices and rocedures

    0%9 Identified ha?ards>ris(s in the +or(lace and its corresondingindicators in accordance +ith coman$ rocedures

    0%3 Recogni?ed contingenc$ measures during +or(laceaccidents# fire and other emergencies

    0%8 Identified terms of ma'imum tolera"le limits "ased onthreshold limit !alue- T7ris(s in +or(lace

    0%2 ,sed Personal Protecti!e E&uiment )PPE* in accordance+ith coman$ 5H6 rocedures and ractices

    0% Comleted and udated 5H6 ersonal records in accordance

    +ith +or(lace re&uirements

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge andAttitudes

    9%0 5H6 rocedures and ractices and regulations9%9 PPE t$es and uses9%3 Personal h$giene ractices9%8 Ha?ards>ris(s identification and control9%. Threshold 7imit ris(s identification and control s(ills3%3 Interersonal s(ills3%8 Communication s(ills

    8% Resourceimlications

    The follo+ing resources MUST"e ro!ided8%0 1or(lace or assessment location8%9 5H6 ersonal records8%3 PPE8%8 Health records

    .% Method ofassessment

    Cometenc$ MUST"e assessed through.%0 Portfolio Assessment.%9 Inter!ie+.%3 Case 6tud$>6ituation

    2% Conte't ofassessment

    2%0Cometenc$ ma$ "e assessed in the +or( lace or in asimulated +or( lace setting

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    COMMON COMPETENCIES

    AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING

    UNIT TITLE REA!6 INTERPRET AN! APPL ENGINEERING !RA=INGS

    UNIT CO!E; ALT*2281

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR This unit deals +ith identif$ing# interreting and al$ing secificationfrom engineering "lue rints or dra+ings that ro!ides themeasurements of the roduct and attern that is to "e roduced%

    ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedterms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% Engineering dra+ings inds of dra+ings0%0 Casting dra+ing0%9 Machining dra+ing0%3 Proect lan0%8 Technical dra+ing

    9% :ata :ata includes "ut not limited to9%0 Material secifications9%9 Process secifications9%3 6ecial instructions9%8 Machining locating oints9%. Claming oints

    9%2 Amount of draft9% 6urface finish

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0%Critical asects of

    cometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate

    0%0 Identified and accessed dra+ings>secification0%9 Interreted dra+ings0%3 Alied information in dra+ings0%8 6tored dra+ings

    9%,nderinning(no+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 T$es of dra+ings used in automoti!e manufacturing industr$9%9 Identification of s$m"ols used in the dra+ings9%3 Identification of units of measurements9%8 ,nit con!ersion9%. Attention to details# Perse!erance# Honest$

    3% ,nderinnings(ills

    3%0Reading and comrehension s(ills re&uired to identif$ andinterret engineering dra+ings and secifications

    3%9 Accessing information and data

    8% Resourceimlications

    The follo+ing resources MUST"e ro!ided8%0All dra+ings>engineering secifications relati!e to automoti!e

    manufacturing8%9Do" order# re&uisitions8%3 Product samle

    . Method ofassessment

    Cometenc$ MUST"e assessed through

    .%05"ser!ation +ith &uestioning.%9Inter!ie+

    2 Conte't ofassessment

    2%0 Assessment must "e underta(en in accordance +iththe endorsed TE6:A assessment guidelines

    2%9 Assessment ma$ "e conducted in the +or(lace or asimulated en!ironment%

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    UNIT OF COMPETENC; PERFORM MENSURATION AN! CALCULATION

    UNIT CO!E; ALT311282

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR; This unit includes identif$ing# caring for# handling# using andmaintaining measuring instruments%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedterms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% Measuringinstruments

    Measuring instruments includes

    0%0 Multitester0%9 Micrometer )In-out# deth*0%3

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asectof cometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate0%0 6elected measuring instruments0%9 Carried-out measurements and calculations%

    0%3 Maintained measuring instruments

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 T$es of Measuring instruments and its uses9%9 6afe handling rocedures in using measuring instruments9%3 @our fundamental oeration of mathematics9%8 @ormula for

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    UNIT TITLE REA!6 INTERPRET AN! APPL SPECIFICATION AN! MANUALS%

    UNIT CO!E; ALT23283

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR This unit deals +ith identif$ing# interreting and al$ing ser!ice

    secification manuals# maintenance rocedure manuals and eriodicmaintenance manual%

    ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedterms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% Manualsinds of manuals9%0 Manufacturers secification manual9%9 Reair manual9%3 Maintenance Procedure Manual9%8 Periodic Maintenance Manual

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0%Critical asects ofcometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate0%0 Identified and accessed manual>secification

    0%9 Interreted manuals0%3 Alied information in manuals0%8 6tored manuals

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 T$es of manuals used in automoti!e industr$9%9 Identification of s$m"ols used in the manuals9%3 Identification of units of measurements9%8 ,nit con!ersion

    3% ,nderinnings(ills

    3%0%Reading and comrehension s(ills re&uired to identif$ andinterret automoti!e manuals and secifications

    3%9% Accessing information and data

    8 ResourceImlications

    The follo+ing resources must "e ro!ided8%0 All manuals>catalogues relati!e to Automoti!e8%9 Do" order# re&uisitions8%3 Actual !ehicle or simulator

    . Method ofassessment

    Cometenc$ must "e assessed through.%05"ser!ation +ith &uestioning.%9Inter!ie+

    2 Conte't ofassessment

    2%0 Assessment must "e underta(en in accordance +iththe endorsed TE6:A assessment guidelines

    2%9 Assessment ma$ "e conducted in the +or(lace or asimulated en!ironment%

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    ,NIT 5@ C5MPETENC PERFORM SHOP MAINTENANCE

    ,NIT C5:E ALT2328+

    ,NIT :E6CRIPT5R This unit deals +ith insecting and cleaning of +or( area

    including tools# e&uiment and facilities% 6torage and chec(ingof tools> e&uiment and disosal of used sulies>materials arealso incororated in this cometenc$%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedtermsare ela"orated in the Range of e&uiment 8%0 Comlete in!entor$ of tools>e&uiment is maintained8%9 :amaged tools>e&uiment>facilities are identified and

    reair recommendation is gi!en

    8%3 Reorts reared has no error>discreanc$

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    RANGE OF VARIABLES

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% 1or( area 1or( areas include

    0%01or(sho areas for ser!icing>reairing light and>or hea!$!ehicle and>or lant transmissions and>or outdoor o+ere&uiment

    0%9 5en +or(sho>garage and enclosed# !entilated office area

    0%3 5ther !aria"les ma$ include +or(sho +ith

    Mess hall

    1ash room

    Comfort room

    9% Cleaning

    re&uirement

    9%0 Cleaning sol!ent

    9%9 In!entor$ of sulies# tools# e&uiment# facilities9%3 7ist of mechanics>technicians

    9%8 Rags

    9%. =room

    9%2 Mo

    9% Pail

    9%4 ,sed oil container

    9%; 5iler

    9%0/ :ust>+aste "in

    3% Manuals 3%0 lant manufacturer secifications

    3%9 Coman$ oerating rocedures3%3 Industr$>1or(lace Codes of Practice

    3%8 Product manufacturer secifications

    3%. Customer re&uirements

    3%2 Industr$ 5ccuational Health and 6afet$

    8% Coman$ standardoerating rocedure

    1earing of Personal rotecti!e e&uiment include

    8%0 Blo!es

    8%9 Aron

    8%3 Boggles

    8%8 6afet$ shoes

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asectsof cometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate

    0%0 Cleaned +or(sho tools>facilities

    0%9 Maintained e&uiment# tools and facilities

    0%3 :isosed +astes and used lu"ricants>fluid as er re&uiredrocedure

    9% ,nderinning(no+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 . 6 or TQM

    9%9 6er!ice rocedures

    9%3 Rele!ant technical information

    9%8 6afe handling of e&uiment and tools

    9%.

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    CORE COMPETENCIES

    UNIT OF COMPETENC ; SELECT HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS

    UNIT CO!E ; ALT412314

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR This unit co!ers selecting the aroriate rocess toachie!e the desired result# recording and maintaining theheat treatment information%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedterms are ela"orated in the Range of

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    RANGE OF VARIABLE

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% Heat-treatmentrocess

    0%0 Preheating0%9 6oa(ing0%3 Quenching )air# +ater# oil*0%8 Temering0%. Annealing0%2 Normali?ing0% Car"uri?ing0%4 sintering

    9% Metal comosition 9%0 High9%9 7o+ car"on steel

    3% E&uiment 3%0 6alt "aths3%9

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asect ofCometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate0%0 :etermined o" re&uirements

    0%9 Identified and selected aroriate heat treatment rocess0%3 Tested materials and recorded and maintained heat treatment

    information

    9% ,nderinningno+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 Metal chemical comosition%9%9 :ifferent heat-treatment rocesses# e&uiment and

    alication%9%3 Heat-treatment faults and counter-measures%9%8 :estructi!e and non-destructi!e testing of metals%9%. Mechanical > h$sical roerties of metals%9%2 Time# temerature diagram of metals%

    9% ,se of ersonal rotecti!e unit%9%4 6afe +or( ractices and rocedures%

    3% ,nderinning

    s(ills3%0 6electing aroriate heat-treatment e&uiment and rocess%3%9Identif$ing and rectif$ing heat-treatment faults )e&uiment and

    rocess*%3%3Reading# interreting and follo+ing information on +ritten o"

    instructions# secifications# standard oerating rocedures#manufacturers manual and instructions# chart# list# dra+ingsand alica"le reference documents%

    3%8Accomlishing ro-forms and standard +or(lace form usingroutine and familiar information3%.Perform standard metal hardness tests%3%2 Chec( and clarif$ tas(s selected information%

    8% Resourceimlications

    The follo+ing resources MUST"e ro!ided8%0 Manuals>catalogues relati!e to heat treatment8%9 Do" order# re&uisitions sli for materials8%3 Materials# tools and e&uiment rele!ant to the acti!it$

    .% Method of

    assessment

    Cometenc$ MUST"e assessed through

    .%0 5"ser!ation +ith &uestioning

    .%9 Portfolio

    .%3 Third Part$ Reort

    2% Conte't ofassessment

    Assessment ma$ "e conducted in the +or(lace or a simulateden!ironment%

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    UNIT OF COMPETENC ; PERFORM HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS

    UNIT CO!E ; ALT412319

    UNIT !ESCRIPTOR ; This unit co!ers heat treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous

    metals# selecting the aroriate rocess to achie!e thedesired result using a !ariet$ of e&uiment such as "o't$e# it t$e# "oggie t$e furnaces either gas# oil-fired orelectricall$ heated%

    ELEMENTPERFORMANCE CRITERIA

    Italicizedterms are ela"orated in the Range of or manufacturers instructions

    0%8Personal rotecti!e e&uiment>de!ices are used inaccordance +ith occuational health and safet$ )5H F 6*re&uirements

    9% 7oad> arrangematerials

    9%0,aterialis iece- or "atch-loaded and unloaded inaccordance +ith standard oerating rocedures%

    9%9@i'tures are used to a!oid >minimi?e damage to the materialduring handling and heating or cooling%

    9%3E&uiment aroriate to the situation is alied accordingto standard oerating rocedure%

    3% 5erate and monitorheating e&uiment

    3%0@urnace start-u is erformed as er standard oeratingrocedures and safet$ re&uirements%

    3%9Information related +ith e&uiment and rocess is recordedas er standard rocedures%

    3%3Re&uired heating temerature# soa(ing time and cooling

    time is alied and maintained according to standardoerating rocedure%

    3%8Ha?ards are identified and control measures areimlemented to maintain a safe +or( en!ironment%

    3%.5timum furnace oeration re&uirement is maintained as erstandard oerating rocedures%

    3%2@urnace atmoshere is maintained as er standardoerating rocedures

    3%Temerature distri"ution inside the furnace is monitored andadusted# if necessar$# in accordance +ith standardoerating rocedures%

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    8% Heat treat materials 8%0Quenching medium >tan( is reared as re&uired "$ therocess%

    8%9Air "last for air cooling is reared# if re&uired "$ therocess%8%3Material is remo!ed from the furnace as er standard

    oerating rocedures and safel$ re&uirements8%8Materials is heat treated to achie!e re&uired result in

    accordance +ith standard oerating rocedures andcustomer re&uirements

    .% 6hut do+n furnace .%0@urnace is shut do+n as er standard oerating rocedures.%9Routine maintenance is erformed on thermo-coules and

    temerature meter as er standard oerating rocedures

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    RANGE OF VARIABLE

    VARIABLE RANGE

    0% HeatingE&uiment

    Heating e&uiment include gas# oil fired and electric furnaces#such as

    0%0 it furnace0%9 "o' t$e furnace0%3 "oggie )car t$e* furnace or0%8 muffle furnace%

    9% Heat treatmentrocess

    9%0 6tress relie!ing9%9 Annealing

    9%3 Normali?ing9%8 Quenching )air# +ater# oil*9%. Temering

    3% Materials 3%0 Cast iron3%9 Car"on steels3%9 Allo$ steels3%8 Aluminum allo$s%

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    EVI!ENCE GUI!E

    0% Critical asect ofCometenc$

    Assessment re&uires e!idence that the candidate0%0 :etermined o" re&uirements0%9 6et-u heat treatment e&uiment

    0%3 7oaded > arranged the materials0%8 5erated and monitored heating e&uiment0%. Heat treated materials0%2 6hut do+n furnace

    9% ,nderinningno+ledge andattitudes

    9%0 Metal chemical comosition%9%9 :ifferent heat-treatment rocesses# e&uiment and

    alication%9%3 Heat-treatment faults and counter-measures%9%8 :estructi!e and non-destructi!e testing of metals%9%. Mechanical > h$sical roerties of metals%

    9%2 Time# temerature diagram of metals%9% ,se of ersonal rotecti!e unit%9%; 6afe +or( ractices and rocedures%

    3% ,nderinning

    s(ills3%0 6electing aroriate heat-treatment e&uiment and rocess%3%2Identif$ing and rectif$ing heat-treatment faults )e&uiment and

    rocess*%3%Reading# interreting and follo+ing information on +ritten o"

    instructions# secifications# standard oerating rocedures#manufacturers manual and instructions# chart# list# dra+ings

    and alica"le reference documents%3%4Entering routine and familiar information into ro-forms andstandard +or(lace form%

    3%;Perform standard metal hardness tests%3%2 Chec( and clarif$ tas(s selected information%

    8% Resourceimlications

    The follo+ing resources MUST"e ro!ided2%0 Manuals>catalogues relati!e to heat treatment2%9 Do" order# re&uisitions sli for materials2%3 Materials# tools and e&uiment rele!ant to the acti!it$

    % Method ofassessment

    Cometenc$ MUST"e assessed through%0 5"ser!ation +ith &uestioning%9 Portfolio%3 Third Part$ Reort

    4% Conte't ofassessment

    Assessment ma$ "e conducted in the +or(lace or a simulateden!ironment%

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    SECTION 3 TRAINING STAN!AR!S

    These guidelines are set to ro!ide the Technical and

    0% Particiate in+or(lacecommunication

    0%0 5"tain and con!e$ +or(lace information%0%9 Comlete rele!ant +or(

    related documents%0%3 Particiate in +or(lace

    meeting and discussion%

    Brou

    discussion

    Interaction

    7ecture

    Reortorial

    1ritten test

    Practical>erfo

    rmance test

    Inter!ie+

    9% 1or( in a teamen!ironment

    9%0 :escri"e and identif$team role andresonsi"ilit$ in a team%

    9%9 :escri"e +or( as a team mem"er%

    Brou

    :iscussion >Interaction

    Case studies

    6imulation

    1ritten test

    5"ser!ation

    6imulation

    Role la$ing

    Case studies

    3% Practice careerrofessionalism

    3%0 Integrate ersonalo"ecti!es +ithorgani?ational goals%

    Brou

    :iscussion

    Interaction

    6imulation

    Role la$

    Inter!ie+

    1ritten

    e'amination

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

    3

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(metallurgy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_hardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_strengtheninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_strengtheninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annealing_(metallurgy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_hardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_strengtheninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_strengtheninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quench
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    3%9 6et and meet +or(riorities%

    3%3 Maintain rofessionalgro+th and de!eloment%

    :emonstration

    6elf-aced

    instruction

    6tructured

    acti!it$ @ilm !ie+ing

    Portfolio

    assessment

    8% Practiceoccuationalhealth and safet$

    8%0Identif$ ha?ardous ris(s8%9 E!aluate ha?ard and ris(s8%3 Control ha?ards and ris(s8%8 Maintain occuational

    health and safet$a+areness

    Interacti!e-

    lecture

    6imulation

    6$mosium

    Brou

    d$namics

    @ilm !ie+ing

    6ituation

    anal$sis

    6elf-aced

    instruction

    6ituation

    anal$sis

    Inter!ie+

    Practical

    e'amination

    1ritten

    e'amination

    Portfolio

    assessment

    COMMON COMPETENCIES

    U#' o5Co%&e'e$

    Lea-#g O/'$o%e" Me'>o7o0ogA""e""%e'

    A&&-oa$>

    0% Read# Interretand Al$Engineering

    :ra+ings

    0%0 Identif$ and accessengineering dra+ings>secification

    0%9%Interret dra+ings0%3%Al$ information in the

    dra+ings F secifications0%8 6tore dra+ings

    7ecture>

    :emonstration

    :ual training

    :irect

    o"ser!ation

    Inter!ie+

    9% PerformMensuration andCalculation

    9%0% 6elect measuringinstrument and

    9%9 Carr$ out measurementand calculations%

    9%3% Maintain measuringinstruments

    7ecture>

    :emonstration

    6imulation

    E'ercises

    1ritten test

    5ral

    &uestioning

    :irect

    o"ser!ation

    3% Read# Interretand Al$6ecificationsand Manual

    8%0% Identif$>accessedmanuals and interretdata and secification

    8%9 Al$ informationaccessed in manual

    8%3 6tore manual

    7ecture>:emonstration

    :ual training

    :istance

    7earning

    1ritten test :irect

    o"ser!ation

    Proect method

    Inter!ie+

    8% Perform 6hoMaintenance

    8%0Insect>clean tools and+or( area

    8%96tore>arrange tools andsho e&uiment

    8%3:isose +astes>usedlu"ricants

    7ecture>

    :emonstration

    :ual training

    6elf aced

    )modular*

    1ritten test

    :irect

    o"ser!ation

    :emonstration

    Inter!ie+

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

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    8%8Reort damagedtools>e&uiment

    6imulation

    CORE COMPETENCIES

    U#' o5 Co%&e'e$ Lea-#g O/'$o%e" Me'>o7o0ogA""e""%e'

    A&&-oa$>

    0% 6elect HeatTreatmentProcess

    0%0 :etermine o"re&uirements

    0%9 Identif$ and selectaroriate heattreatment rocess

    0%3 Test materials# recordand maintain heattreatment information

    7ecture :uali?ed

    training

    :istance

    learning

    5"ser!ation+ith&uestioning

    Portfolio

    Third art$

    reort

    9% Perform HeatTreatmentProcess

    9%0 :etermine o"re&uirements

    9%9 6elect aroriate

    e&uiment andaccessories

    9%3 Conduct aroriatematerial loading

    9%8 5erate the furnace9%. Insect > test the roduct

    7ecture

    :uali?ed

    training

    :istance

    learning

    5"ser!ation

    +ith&uestioning

    Portfolio

    Third art$

    reort

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

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    3.2 TRAINING !ELIVER

    The deli!er$ of training should adhere to the design of the curriculum% :eli!er$should "e guided "$ the 0/ "asic rinciles of cometenc$-"ased T

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    3.3 TRAINEE ENTR REQUIREMENTS

    This section secifies the &ualifications of trainees and educational

    e'erience% 5ther re&uirements li(e health and h$sical re&uirements are alsostated% Passing entr$ +ritten e'aminations ma$ also "e indicated if necessar$%

    1ith e'erience in "asic machining

    Can communicate "oth orall$ and in +ritingJ and

    Ph$sicall$ and mentall$ fit

    3.* LIST OF TOOLS6 EQUIPMENT AN! MATERIALS HEAT TREATMENT NC II

    Recommended list of tools# e&uiment and materials for the training of 9. trainees forHeat Treatment NC II

    TOOLS EQUIPMENT MATERIALS

    QT QT QT

    9 sets 1ire roe Kharness# 09mmdia roe '0/meters long

    0 unit =o' t$efurnace

    9 cs Cold rolled steel G 9. dia6AE 0/3/ 9//mm long

    8 sets Tongs 0 unit =ogie t$e

    furnace

    9 cs Cold rolled steel G ./ dia

    6AE 0/3/ 9//mm long0 set 6oc(et +rench 0 unit Muffle t$e

    furnace8 cs Mild steel late )9//mm

    long ' 0//mm +ide* 09mmthic(

    0 set 5en +rench 0 unit 5!er-headcrane

    8 cs Mild steel late )9//mmlong ' 0//mm +ide* 9/mmthic(

    9 cs =all einhammer3//mm long

    0 unit A-crane 8 cs Mild steel late )9//mmlong ' 0//mm +ide* 2mmthic(

    0/ sets Toogle clam 0 unit Quenchingtan(

    . gallon Quenching oil

    0/ sets =olt 8 units =lo+er fan 9 cs Cold rolled steel 6AE-0/8/>808/ 0//mm long G9.dia

    9 cs Mechanicallier

    0 unit @or( lift 9 tons 9 cs Cold rolled steel 6AE-0/8/>808/ 0//mm long G./dia

    0 c Electrical lier 8 units =as(et 7PB fuel

    0 set Hac( sa+ 0 set Thermocoule :iesel fuel

    9 cs Hac( sa+ "lade 9 sets Thermocoule

    tis

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    9 sets Pie +rench 9inches

    0 set Temeraturemeter G09//oC

    9 rolls Teflon tae 0 set Temeraturereorder

    0 c Triangular filemedium

    0 set 1eldingmachine G 3//am

    0 c @lat file medium 0 set Hardnesstester )=,N*

    9 sets 6cre+ dri!er)lus > minus*

    0 set Electricangulargrinder G0//mm

    9/meters

    long

    6teel "ars G09mm dia

    0 c Hard hat

    9 cs Adusta"le+rench G3//mm

    0 air 6afet$ shoes

    3 cs Pentel enmar(er

    9 sets E$e goggles

    9 cs =all en 0 air 7eather glo!es

    0 c Cli "oard 0 set Aron

    0 set 7etter unch 0 air Arm "and

    0 set Num"er unch

    . sets 1ater container. galloncaacit$

    0 c

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    3.+ TRAINING FACILITIES HEAT TREATMENT NC II

    =ased on a class si?e of 9. students>trainees

    SPACEREQUIREMENT

    SI?E IN METERS AREA IN SQ.METERS

    TOTAL AREA INSQ. METERS

    =uilding )ermanent* 92%// ' 94%// 94%// 94%//

    Trainee 1or(ing

    6ace

    3%./ ' 3%./ erstudent > trainee

    0/%9. erstudent

    093

    7ecture room ;%// ' 0/%// ;/%// ;/%//

    7earning resource

    center

    .%// ' 4%// 8/%// 8/%//

    @acilities >

    E&uiment >

    Circulation area

    - - 9;0%.

    3., TRAINER@S QUALIFICATIONS FOR AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING SUB SECTOR

    HEAT TREATMENT NC IITRAINER Q,A7I@ICATI5N )TQ II*

    Must "e a holder of HEAT TREATMENT NC II

    Must ha!e undergone training on Training Methodolog$ II )TM II*1

    Must "e comuter literate

    Must "e h$sicall$ and mentall$ fit Must ha!e at least 9 $ears o">industr$ e'erience-

    Must "e a ci!il-ser!ice eligi"le or holder of aroriate rofessional license issued "$

    the Professional Regulator$ Commission )for go!ernment ositions

    1 This shall "e changed to LMust "e a holder of Trainer Qualification 7e!el II )TQII* or e&ui!alentuon romulgation "$ the TE6:A =oard of the TQ>AQ training regulations

    2 5tional% 5nl$ +hen re&uired "$ the hiring institution

    Reference TE6:A =oard Resolution No% 9//8 /3

    3. INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT

    Institutional assessment is underta(en "$ trainees to determine their achie!ementof units of cometenc$% A certificate of achie!ement is issued for each unit ofcometenc$%

    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

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    SECTION * NATIONAL ASSESSMENT AN! CERTIFICATION ARRANGEMENTS

    8%0To attain the National Qualification of HEAT TREATMENT NC II# the candidate mustdemonstrate cometence in all the units listed in 6ection 0% 6uccessful candidates shall "ea+arded a National Certificate signed "$ the TE6:A :irector Beneral%

    8%9The &ualification of HEAT TREATMENT NC II ma$ "e attained through demonstration ofcometence through roect-t$e assessment co!ering all re&uired units of cometenc$ ofthe &ualification%

    8%9%0 Pe-5o-% Hea' T-ea'%e' 5o- Fe--o/" Me'a0"

    6elect Heat Treatment Process

    Perform Heat Treatment Process

    8%3Assessment shall focus on the core units of cometenc$% The "asic and common unitsshall "e integrated or assessed concurrentl$ +ith the core units%

    8%8The follo+ing are &ualified to al$ for assessment and certification

    8%8%0 Braduates of formal# non-formal and informal including enterrise-"asedtraining rograms%

    8%8%9 E'erienced +or(ers )+age emlo$ed or self-emlo$ed*

    8%. The guidelines on assessment and certification are discussed in detail in theProcedures Manual on Assessment and Certificationand Guidelines on theImplementation of the Philippine TVET Qualificationand Certification System(PTQCS!

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    ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TR - HEAT TREATMENT NC II Promulgated

    ANNE: A

    HEAT TREATMENT NC II

    ANNE: A

    CO

    M

    M

    ON

    CO

    MP

    ET

    EN

    CI

    ES

    Recei!e andresond +or(lace

    communication

    Particiate in+or(lace

    communication

    7ead in +or(lacecommunication

    ,tili?e secialistcommunication s(ills

    1or( in teamen!ironment

    :e!elo teamand indi!idual

    6ol!e +or(lacero"lems relatedto +or( acti!ities

    1or( +ith 5ther

    7ead small Team

    Apply problemsolving techniques

    in the workplace

    Plan andorgani?e +or(

    BA

    SIC

    CO

    MP

    ET

    EN

    CI

    ES

    -

    7egend

    CO

    RE

    CO

    MP

    ET

    EN

    CI

    ES

    :emonstrate+or( !alues

    Practice "asichouse(eeing

    rocedures

    Practice careerrofessionalism

    Practice occuationalhealth and safet$

    rocedures

    :e!elo andractice negotiation

    s(ills

    ,se mathematicalconcets andtechni&ues

    ,se rele!anttechnologies

    Read F InterretEngineering :ra+ings

    Perform Mensuration andCalculation

    Read# Interret and Al$6ecifications and Manuals

    Perform 6ho Maintenance

    :e!elo and manufacture+ood attern

    :e!elo and manufactureol$mer attern

    :e!elo and manufactureassem"led lated attern

    :e!elo and manufactureroduction attern

    Perform general+ood+or(ing machine

    oerations

    ,se and maintain measuringinstrument

    Preare F mi' sand formetal molding

    Produce molds "$ hand Produce cores "$ hand 5erate molding machine 5erate core-ma(ingmachine

    Pour molten metal to molds,se and maintain measuring

    instrument

    5erate melting furnaces)non-electric*

    5erate cuola meltingfurnace

    5erate electric inductionmelting furnace

    @ettle F trim metalcastings>forgings

    Perform refractor$installation F reair

    ,se F maintain measuringinstrument

    Melt Aluminum- 6iliconAllo$s for 6afet$ Tested

    Castings

    Melt Metals ,sing CorelessInduction @urnace

    Melt Automoti!e Bra$ IronCastings in Cuola

    Preare 6and Mi'ture forHea!$ Casting

    Perform Hand Moldingto roduce Hea!$Castin

    Pour Molten metal to Hea!$Castings

    Manufacture andde!elo core"o' for

    6hell Core =o':e!elo and Manufacture Bear#Con!e$or 6cre+ and Proeller

    Pattens

    :e!elo Bra!it$ :ieCasting Mold

    COMPETENC MAPAUTOMOTIVE PARTS MANUFACTURING

    Machine arts Perform recision assem"l$

    6elect Heat TreatmentProcess

    Perform Heat TreatmentProcess

    89

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    !EFINITION OF TERMS (HEAT TREATMENT)

    1. Hea' T-ea'%e'A rocess in +hich metal in the solid state is su"ected to one or moretemerature c$cles to attain certain desired roerties%

    2. Aea0#g Heating to and holding a"o!e the critical range follo+ed "$ controlledslo+-cooling in the furnace%

    3. Q/e$>#gIs a hardening rocess% It in!ol!es heating to a temerature +ithin acritical temerature range follo+ed "$ &uenching in a medium +hichare li&uid or air medium% Quenching is a distinct oeration carried oute'ternal to the furnace%

    *. T>e-%a0 $-#'#$a0-age

    Metals ha!e its o+n distinct chemical comosition% The thermal criticalrange deends on the chemical comosition of the metal% Heatinga"o!e and "elo+ the critical temerature range changes in a solidstate constitution% 1hile maor constitutional change cannot occur"elo+ the lo+er limits some changes in microstructure are do so%

    +. P-e$#'a'#o>a-7e#g%e'a0"

    Hardening in metals caused "$ the reciitation of a constituent from asuersaturated solid solution% This occurs after &uenching of allo$seseciall$ the maraging steel grous and stainless steels%

    ,. !#55e-e'#a0>a-7e#g

    6ome techni&ues allo+ different areas of a single o"ect to recei!edifferent heat treatments% This is called differential hardening% It is

    common in high &ualit$ (ni!esand s+ords%The Chineseianis one ofthe earliest (no+n e'amles of this# and the Daanese (atanathemost +idel$ (no+n% The Nealese hu(uriis another e'amle%

    . Fe--o/" %e'a0"The term ferrous is deri!ed from the latin +ordmeaning containingiron% This can include ure iron# such as +rought iron#or an allo$such as steel% @errous metals are often magnetic# "ut not e'clusi!el$%

    4. A00oAn allo$ is a mi'ture of t+o or more elementsin solid solution in +hichthe maor comonent is a metal% Com"ining different ratios of metalsas allo$s modifies the roerties of ure metals to roduce desira"le

    characteristics% The aim of ma(ing allo$s is generall$ to ma(e themless "rittle# harder# resistant to corrosion# or ha!e a more desira"lecolor and luster% E'amles of allo$s are steel )iron and car"on*# "rass)coerand ?inc*# "ron?e)coerand tin*# and duralumin)aluminiumand coer*% Allo$s seciall$ designed for highl$ demandingalications# such as et engines# ma$ contain more than tenelements%

    9. Me'a0In chemistr$# a %e'a0)Bree(Metallo# "#$%&&'* is a chemical element+hose atoms readil$ lose electrons to form ositi!e ions)cations*# andform metallic "onds"et+een other metal atoms and ionic "onds

    "et+een nonmetalatoms%

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_hardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrought_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duraluminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bondshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_hardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrought_ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_solutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duraluminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bondshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonmetal
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