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F 015 A Tópicos da Física Aplicada: COR 2º Sem. 2014 Profa. Maria José Santos Pompeu Brasil

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  • F 015 A

    Tópicos da Física Aplicada: COR

    2º Sem. 2014

    Profa. Maria José Santos Pompeu Brasil

  • C O R

  • Porque quando

    imprimimos as cores

    ficam diferentes das

    cores no monitor?

    Que cores o

    daltônico

    vê?

    Quantas

    cores

    existem?

  • Teoria da Emissão

    Grécia antiga: Euclides, Ptolomeu

    Emissão do olho até o objeto.

    Teoria mista

    Grécia antiga: Platão

    Emissão do olho até o objeto.

    Emissão do objeto até o olho.

    Interaçao entre as duas emissões.

    Teoria da Intro-missão

    Aristóteles, Da Vinci

    Emissão do objeto até o olho.

    Como vemos ?

  • LUZ vemos L U Z

  • LUZ vemos

  • Issac Newton, sec. XVII

    A luz é branca consiste de diferentes cores que

    podem ser separadas e reagrupadas por prismas,

    recuperando a luz branca.

  • O que é a luz ?

    Newton ~1700 : Young ~1800 : Maxwell ~1800 : Einstein ~1900 :

    PARTÍCULAS

    ONDAS

    PARTÍCULAS

    ONDAS EM

  • LUZ

    DUALIDADE

    / PARTÍCULA ONDA

  • Difração

    Interferência

    ONDAS

  • smxcoo

    /1031 8

    “Esta velocidade é tão próxima da

    velocidade da luz que,

    aparentemente, temos fortes razões

    para concluir que a própria luz é um

    distúrbio eletromagnético na forma de

    ondas que se propagam através dos

    campos eletromagnéticos e de acordo

    com as leis do eletromagnetismo.”

    Maxwell, 1862

    ONDAS EM

  • fT

    c

    Velocidade : c

    Comprimento de onda:

    Período: T

    Frequência: f

    ONDAS EM

  • ONDAS EM

    f

  • 700 600 500 400 nm

    Espectro visível

    ONDAS EM

  • Quantum de Luz : FOTON

    hfE

    Constante de Planck

    h=6,63 x 10-34 J s

    PARTÍCULAS

    Nobel,1921

    Albert Einstein

  • hfE

    Energia

    700 600 500 400 nm f

  • Newton

    7 CORES DO ARCO ÍRIS

  • 400 500 600 700 nm

    COR Comp. de onda Violeta 390 - 450 nm

    Azul 450 - 490 nm

    Verde 490 - 560 nm

    Amarelo 560 - 590 nm

    Laranja 590 – 635 nm

    vermelho 635 – 700 nm

    Anil

    445-465 nm

  • Fontes de LUZ

    Sol

    Lâmpada de filamento

    Lâmpada de gás

    LED

  • Fontes de LUZ

    Objetos “quentes” : Incandescência

    Filamentos de lâmpadas, sol, animais

    Descarga de Gases

    Lâmpadas neon, raios, aurora boreal, lasers de gás

    Catodoluminescência (sólidos, especialmente P)

    Monitores antigos, lâmpada fluorescente*

    Eletroluminescência (sólidos)

    Diodos, lasers de estado sólido

  • Incandescência: Objetos Quentes

    Radiação de Planck

    Lei de Wien:

    T

    bmax

    Sol*: ~5.500 K

    Lâmpada de W: 2.500 - 3.200 K

    Lâmpada de W halogênica: 2900 – 3300 K

    Corpo humano: ~ 300 K

    Temperatura da Cor

  • Descarga de gases

    Quantização da Energia Níveis de energia discretos

  • Descarga de gases

    Gás: mau condutor de eletricidade

    Baixa Pressão + Ionização

  • Descarga de gases +

    Catodoluminescência

    Lâmpada Fluorescente

  • Eletroluminescência

    LED : Light Emitting Diode

  • Color λ (nm) Semiconductor material

    Infrared λ > 760 Gallium arsenide (GaAs) Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)

    Red 610 < λ < 760

    Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)

    Orange 590 < λ < 610 Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)

    Yellow 570 < λ < 590 Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)

    Green 500 < λ < 570

    Traditional green: Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP) Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP) Pure green: Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III) nitride (GaN)

    Blue 450 < λ < 500

    Zinc selenide (ZnSe) Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate Silicon (Si) as substrate—under development

    Violet 400 < λ < 450 Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)

    Purple multiple types Dual blue/red LEDs, blue with red phosphor, or white with purple plastic

    Ultraviolet λ < 400

    Diamond (235 nm)[67] Boron nitride (215 nm)[68][69] Aluminium nitride (AlN) (210 nm)[70] Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN)—down to 210 nm[71]

    LED : Light Emitting Diode

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_arsenidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_arsenidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(colour)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_indium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_phosphidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium(III)_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_selenidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_selenidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_selenidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_(color)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_gallium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_gallium_indium_nitride&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode

  • Eletroluminescência

    LASER

    Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

    1. Gain medium

    2. Laser pumping energy

    3. High reflector

    4. Output coupler

    5. Laser beam

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_couplerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Output_couplerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laser.svg

  • LASER

  • Standard Illuminant D65:

    Average daylight (including

    ultraviolet wavelength region) with

    a correlated colour temperature of

    6504K.

    Standard Illuminant C:

    Average daylight (not including

    ultraviolet wavelength region) with

    a correlated colour temperature of

    6774K.

    Standard Illuminant A:

    Incandescent light with a

    correlated colour temperature of

    2856K.

    CIE

    Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage

  • Como uma

    linha vira

    um círculo

    na nossa

    percepção?

    700 600 500 400 nm


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