towing - maintenance practices task 09−10−00−584 ......towing - maintenance practices task...

TOWING - MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

TASK 09−10−00−584−8011. Towing of the Aircraft

A. Personnel

In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to do this task. In small orconfined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to do this task (refer to Setup).

B. Reference Information

REFERENCE DESIGNATION

TASK 05−51−23−210−801 General Visual Inspection After Nose Landing Gear(NLG) Exceeds Tow Limits

TASK 10−11−00−867−801 Grounding of the Aircraft

TASK 10−30−00−550−802 Mooring

TASK 10−11−00−941−802 Installation of the Lockpin in the Nose Landing−Gear(NLG)

TASK 10−11−00−941−804 Installation of the Lockpins in the MainLanding−Gear (MLG)

TASK 12−12−00−610−803 Quantity Check of the Brake, Downlock Assist andAuxiliary Hydraulic System Accumulators

TASK 12−12−01−614−805 Servicing of the Tires

TASK 12−22−00−640−801 Lubrication of the Nose Landing Gear andComponents

TASK 20−21−00−910−801 Torquing of Threaded Fasteners

TASK 20−50−00−000−802 Removal of Cotter Pins

TASK 20−50−00−400−802 Installation of Cotter Pins

TASK 32−11−05−210−801 Extension Check of the Main Landing Gear (MLG)Shock−Strut

TASK 32−21−00−220−803 Detailed Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG)Assembly

TASK 32−21−05−210−801 Extension Check of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG)Shock−Strut

BD−100 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL − PART II

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TASK 32−42−01−210−801 General Visual Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear(NLG) Tires

TASK 32−44−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake

TASK 32−44−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake

SRM 53−14−24 Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Support StructureFS250.00 to FS291.00 Allowable Damage

CMM 32−48−29 Nose Landing Gear Wheel Assembly

WBM 01−80−60 Weight and Balance Manual

C. Tools and Equipment


GSE 09C−10−01 Towbar Attachment Head

GSE 09C−10−02 Towbar

GSE 10−10−10 Wheel Chocks, Rubber

GSE 23X−51−01 Headset With Mic, Ground Crew

GSE 23−00−02 Cord, Headset Extension

Commercially Available Vehicle, Towbarless Towing, LEKTRO models:AP8700B, AP8750B (Standard Side−Gated Cradlewith Chine Protectors P/N AMP1002A−1) (WinchCut−Off Switch Plate P/N APM109AB−T) (WinchCut−Off Micro−Switch Assembly P/N AP109AB)

Commercially Available Vehicle, Towbarless Towing, LEKTRO model:AP8750B−AL (Standard Side−Gateless Cradle)(Winch Cut−Off Switch Plate P/N APM109AB−T)(Winch Cut−Off Micro−Switch Assembly P/NAP109AB)

Commercially Available Vehicle, Towbarless Towing, LEKTRO models:AP8800SDA, AP8850SDA (Standard Side−GatedCradle with Chine Protectors P/N AMP1002A−1)(Winch Cut−Off Switch Plate P/N APM109BC−P)(Overlay Unit P/N APM109BC−4T) (Winch Cut−OffMicro−Switch Assembly P/N APM109BB)


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Commercially Available Strut−Strap, LEKTRO CL−300 Choker, P/NAPM403W

Commercially Available Flashlight

NOTE: Refer to the Illustrated Tool and Equipment Manual to make sure that you usethe correct equipment configuration.

D. Setup

CAUTION: WHEN YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THATFOLLOW:

- OBEY ALL LOCAL AIRPORT REGULATIONS.

- APPLY TOWBAR LOADS SLOWLY AND CAREFULLY.

- MAKE ALL CHANGES TO THE SPEED OR THE DIRECTION SLOWLY.

- KEEP THE TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE.

- DO NOT USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFTUNLESS THERE IS AN EMERGENCY.

- DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IN A FORWARD DIRECTION AT MORETHAN 5 MPH (8 KM/H).

- DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH(5 KM/H).

- MAKE SURE THAT YOU PUT THE NOSEWHEEL IN THE CENTERPOSITION BEFORE THE AIRCRAFT IS PARKED.

- DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THEAIRCRAFT.

- MOVE THE AIRCRAFT VERY SLOWLY DURING TURNS OF 45 TO 90DEGREES. THIS WILL KEEP THE SIDE LOAD ON THE NOSE LANDINGGEAR TO A MINIMUM.

- DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN 21 340 LBF IN (2 410 NM) OF TORQUEALONG THE SHOCK STRUT AXIS.

IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THEEQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.

NOTE: The person who operates the tow vehicle is referred to as the towingdirector. This person controls the towing operation.

(1) Make sure that the towing director can hear, speak to, or get signals from theground crew.


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WARNING: DO NOT USE EXTERNAL AUDIO JACKS WHEN TOWING THEAIRCRAFT IN AN OPEN AREA AND THERE IS A STORM. LIGHTNINGCAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.

(2) If available, and under the condition that follows, use the ground crew headset withmic at the service interphone unit.

(a) If you are towing the aircraft in an open area while using the external audiojack, make sure that there are no storm conditions present.

NOTE: During a storm, lightning strike can occur while you use or touch acomponent connected to an external audio jack. In these conditions,lightning can cause injury to persons and damage to equipment.

(3) In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to tow the aircraft:

− One person operates the tow vehicle.

− One person is the brake person and operates the aircraft brakes from the flightcompartment.

(4) In small or confined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to tow theaircraft:



− Two persons, one at each wing end, make sure that there is sufficient clearancefor the wing ends.

− One person makes sure that the tail of the aircraft has sufficient clearance.

(5) If visual conditions are not good, the ground crew must use flashlights to givesignals.

(6) Make sure that the lockpin is installed in the nose landing gear (NLG)(TASK 10−11−00−941−802).

(7) Make sure that the lockpins are installed in the main landing gear (MLG)(TASK 10−11−00−941−804).

(8) Make sure that the over−tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pinon each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a generalvisual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

NOTE: If the NLG steering angle exceeds 123 degrees during the towingprocedure, and the torque links are connected, you must stop the towing.Look at the over−tow indicator pins. If one of the two pins is bent orbroken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG)exceeds the tow limits (TASK 05−51−23−210−801).


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(9) On the nose landing gear strut, find the nose wheel position placard. Applytemporary marks at both of the 120 degree positions so that the towing director cansee the nose gear turn limits.

CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF A SHOCK STRUT IS FULLYCOMPRESSED OR FULLY EXTENDED. DAMAGE TO THEEQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.

(10) Do a detailed inspection of the nose landing−gear shock−strut (extension check)(TASK 32−21−05−210−801).

(11) Do a detailed inspection of the main landing−gear shock−strut (extension check)(TASK 32−11−05−210−801).

(12) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (TASK 12−12−01−614−805).

(13) If required, remove the mooring equipment (TASK 10−30−00−550−802).

(14) Make sure that all external servicing is disconnected from the aircraft.

(15) Make sure that the ground wire is disconnected from the aircraft(TASK 10−11−00−867−801).

(16) Make sure that the tailstand is removed.

(17) Do the quantity check of the hydraulic brake accumulators(TASK 12−12−00−610−803).

CAUTION: BEFORE YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS AMINIMUM LOAD OF 1 050 LB (476.2 KG) ON THE NOSEWHEEL. IFYOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THEAIRCRAFT.

(18) A minimum load of 1 050 lb (476.2 kg) is necessary on the nose wheel before youtow the aircraft. Refer to the Weight and Balance Manual (WBM01−80−60) todetermine the load on the nose wheel. Add the applicable ballast as necessary.

(19) On the ELECTRICAL control panel, push the L BATT and the R BATT push buttonannunciators (PBA). Make sure that the PBA OFF lights are off (not illuminated).

On A/C 20001 TO 20124

(20) On the cursor control panel (CCP), push the CAS button to show the EICAS pageon the pilot’s multi−function display (MFD1).

On A/C 20125 AND SUBS

(21) On the CCP 1, push the CAS button to show the EICAS page on the pilot’smulti−function display (MFD1).


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(22) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If yousee the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspectionafter the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

NOTE: If the NLG steering angle exceeds 120 degrees during the towingprocedure, and the torque links are connected, the over−tow switch onthe NLG will be triggered. When the switch is triggered, you will see theEICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. You must stop the towing anddo a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceedsthe tow limits (TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(23) Make sure that the landing gear selector−handle is set to the DN position.

On A/C 20001 TO 20124

(24) On the CCP, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot’s MFD.You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brakeaccumulator) on this page.


(25) On the CCP 2, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot’sMFD. You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brakeaccumulator) on this page.

(26) On the HYDRAULIC control panel, set the L PUMP switch to ON.

(27) Increase the inboard brake accumulator pressure to more than 2 300 psi (15 857kPa).

(28) Set the L PUMP switch to OFF.


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CAUTION: DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THEAIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS PRECAUTION, DAMAGE TOTHE EQUIPMENT WILL OCCUR.

(29) Do not start the hydraulic pumps while towing the aircraft.

NOTE: Thirty seconds after battery power is applied to the aircraft, the power−upsequence for the brake control unit (BCU) starts. With the BCUpowered−up, if hydraulic pressure is increased to 2 600 psi (17 926.48kPa), a test of the hardware−monitoring/shut−off valve (HMSOV) isstarted. One result of the HMSOV test is that the main wheel brakes willoperate momentarily. Therefore, if you are towing the aircraft and youoperate the hydraulic pumps, the main wheel brakes will be appliedmomentarily. Damage the aircraft and/or the towing equipment will occur.

NOTE: It is not recommended to remove battery power before towing. However,if the battery power has been removed and you have to apply batterypower while towing, know this: if the hydraulic pressure is 2 600 psi(17 926.48 kPa) or greater, the HMSOV test will start again and the mainwheel brakes will operate momentarily. Damage to the aircraft and/or thetow equipment will occur.

(30) On the TAWS/LANDING GEAR control panel, push the NWS PBA and make surethat the PBA OFF light is on.

NOTE: The nose wheel steering (NWS) must be off during the towing of theaircraft.

(31) When using a towbar for towing, do not exceed the maximum towing loads thatfollow:

NLG Steering Angle ftow

0 degrees ±6910 lbf (30 737 N)

10 degrees ±6910 lbf (30 737 N)

45 degrees ±4800 lbf (21 351 N)

95 degrees ±5000 lbf (22 241 N)


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E. Procedure

Refer to Figure 201.

WARNING: WHEN YOU PREPARE THE AIRCRAFT FOR TOWING, OBEY THEPRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW:

- MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL STEERING IS SET TO THE OFFPOSITION.

- MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL IS IN THE CENTER POSITION.

- MAKE SURE THAT THE EXTERNAL SERVICING EQUIPMENT ISDISCONNECTED.

- MAKE SURE THAT ALL EXTERNAL DOORS AND PANELS ARECLOSED AND LATCHED.

IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURY TO PERSONSAND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.

WARNING: DURING THE OPERATION TO TOW THE AIRCRAFT, APPLY THE BRAKESONLY FOR AN EMERGENCY STOP. YOU CAN DRAIN THEACCUMULATOR PRESSURE WHICH CAN CAUSE THE BRAKES TO NOTOPERATE. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR DAMAGE TOEQUIPMENT.

CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TIRES ARE FROZEN TO THEGROUND. MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRES CAN TURN FREELY BEFOREYOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSEDAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT.

CAUTION: DO NOT USE SALT OR MATERIALS THAT CAN CAUSE CORROSION TORELEASE TIRES THAT ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. IF YOU DO THIS,YOU WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT.

(1) To do the towing of the aircraft with a towbar, do the steps that follow:

(a) Engage the axle engage pins on the towing head with the holes in the ends ofthe nose gear.

(b) Attach the towbar to the tow vehicle.

NOTE: Make sure that the towbar shear pin is in good condition.

(c) Close and latch all external doors and panels.

(d) Remove all the wheel chocks.

(e) Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the wheel chocks are removed.

(f) Make sure that the parking brake is released (TASK 32−44−00−910−802).

(g) Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the brakes are released.


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(h) When you tow the aircraft, control the speed with only the tow vehicle. Use theemergency/parking brakes only in an emergency.

NOTE: Aircraft must be towed on a flat and hard surface.

(i) Do not stop the aircraft during a turn if it is not necessary.

(j) Do not turn the nose gear more than 120 degrees if the torque links areconnected.

(k) In a hangar where clearance is decreased, nose gear steering angles of morethan 120 degrees can become necessary. If so, do the steps that follow:

CAUTION: DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TORQUE LINKS ONTHE NOSE LANDING GEAR (NLG) SHOCK STRUT AREDISCONNECTED AND YOU CANNOT SEE MORE THAN 3.50INCHES OF CHROME EXTENDED ON THE OLEO PISTON.IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS CAUTION, YOU CAN CAUSEDAMAGE THE EQUIPMENT.

1 Make sure that you can see more than 3.50 in. of chrome extended onthe shock strut.

2 Remove and discard the cotter pin (4) (TASK 20−50−00−000−802).

3 Remove the nut (5), washer (3), and apex pin (1).

4 Disconnect the upper torque link (2) from the lower torque link (6).

5 Make sure that the torque links are in a safe position and they do not hitor catch.

6 Do the necessary special towing.

7 Apply a layer of grease to the apex pin (1) (TASK 12−22−00−640−801).

8 Align the ends of the upper torque link (2) and the lower torque link (6)and install the apex pin (1).

9 Install the washer (3) and the nut (5).

10 Torque the nut (5) from 30 to 35 lbf in (3.39 to 3.95 Nm)(TASK 20−21−00−910−801).

11 Safety the nut (5) with a new cotter pin (4) (TASK 20−50−00−400−802).

(l) At the end of the towing, move the aircraft forward or rearward in a straight linefor a short distance.

NOTE: This is necessary to remove twist forces from the landing gear beforeyou stop the aircraft.


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(m) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft slowly with the towvehicle.

WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT THE WHEEL CHOCKS ARE PUT AT THEMAIN WHEEL/TIRE ASSEMBLIES. MOVEMENT OF THEAIRCRAFT CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TOTHE EQUIPMENT.

(n) Put the wheel chocks at the main wheels.

(o) Disconnect the towbar from the tow tractor.

(p) Move the towbar with your hands to align the nose landing gear in alongitudinal direction.

(q) Disconnect the towbar from the nose landing gear.

(r) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message, NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED.If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visualinspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(s) Push the L BATT PBA and the R BATT PBA.

(t) Make sure that the over−tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There isa pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, doa general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the towlimits (TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(u) If necessary, disconnect the headset from the service interphone unit.

(2) To do the towbarless towing of the aircraft, do the steps that follow:

(a) Do a visual inspection of the strut−strap for possible damage. See if theprotective sleeve is worn through. Look for abrasive material on the Strut−strapthat could damage the chrome surface on the oleo piston. Do not use astrut−strap that is damaged.

(b) Replace the winch−strap and the strut−strap at the interval specified in theLEKTRO owner’s manual, part 2.

(c) Visually inspect the overlay and the winch cut−off switch plate to make surethat the teflon surface is not damaged.

(d) Position the towbarless towing vehicle so that the cradle is in line with anddirectly in front of the nose landing gear tires.

(e) Install the strut−strap around the chromed surface of the oleo piston. Neverallow the strut−strap to be around the outer cylinder above the oleo piston.

(f) Remove the wheel chocks and make sure that the wheels are free fromblockage.


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(g) Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the wheel chocks are removed.

(h) Make sure that the parking brake is released (TASK 32−44−00−910−802).

(i) Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the brakes are released.

(j) Make sure that the NLG steering angle is at 0±5 degrees. Make sure that thesteering angle remains within this limit as the NLG is pulled onto the cradle ofthe tow vehicle.

(k) Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the NLG is going to be winchedonto the cradle.

(l) Winch the NLG onto the cradle. The NLG will stop when the tires reach thewinch cut−off switch plate.

(m) Raise front edge of the cradle approximately 3 in (7.61 cm). The cradle heightmust not exceed 4 in (10.16 cm).

(n) When you tow the aircraft, control the speed with only the tow vehicle. Use theemergency/parking brakes only in an emergency.

NOTE: Aircraft must be towed on an even and hard surface.

(o) Do not turn the nose gear more than 120 degrees.

(p) Do not stop the aircraft during a turn if it is not necessary.

(q) While moving the aircraft in an aft direction, if there is an emergency and thebrakes are use to stop the aircraft, the condition that follows may occur. TheNLG wheels may raise up off of the cradle and then come down. If thecondition occurs, stop the towing immediately. Do a visual inspection of theNLG components that follow for damage:

− Tires (Inspect the chine carefully)

− Wheels (Inspect the beads carefully)

− Piston Chrome

− Axles

− Lower Torque Link.


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CAUTION: STOP THE TOWING IF AT ANY TIME THE NLG STEERINGANGLE DOES NOT FOLLOW THE MOVEMENT OF THE CRADLEON THE TOWBARLESS TOWING VEHICLE. IF YOU DO NOTSTOP THE TOWING IMMEDIATELY, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGETO THE AIRCRAFT AND THE TOWING EQUIPMENT.

(r) If the NLG steering angle does not follow the cradle movement, the NLG willpivot in the cradle which can cause one of the tires to roll off the cradle. If thiscondition occurs you must stop the towing immediately and the NLG tires(TASK 32−42−01−210−801) and wheels (CMM 32−48−29) must be inspectedfor damage. Use this towing procedure to put the NLG back in the correctposition on the cradle and then continue the towing.

NOTE: If the NWS PBA, on the TAWS/LANDING GEAR control panel, hasnot been set to off, the NLG steering angle will not follow the cradlemovement. Make sure that the nose wheel steering is off.

(s) During towing, if the angle between the towbarless towing vehicle and thecenter line of the aircraft exceeds 45 degrees and the NWS has not been setto off, the towing must be stopped immediately. The NLG assembly must beremoved from the aircraft and inspected for damage(TASK 32−21−00−220−803). The NLG aircraft attachment points must beinspected for structural damage (SRM 53−14−24).

(t) At the end of the towing, move the aircraft forward or rearward in a straight linefor a short distance.


(u) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft slowly with the towvehicle.

(v) Lower the front edge of the cradle to ground level.


(w) Put the wheel chocks at the main wheels.

(x) Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the wheel chocks are in position.

(y) Set the parking brake (TASK 32−44−00−910−801).

(z) Release the tension on the strut−strap.

(aa) Disconnect the winch strap from the strut−strap.

(ab) Slowly back the tow vehicle up so that the cradle moves out from under theNLG.


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(ac) Remove the strut−strap from the NLG.

(ad) Release the parking brake (TASK 32−44−00−910−802).

(ae) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED.If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visualinspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(af) Push the L BATT PBA and the R BATT PBA.

(ag) Make sure that the over−tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There isa pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, doa general visual inspection after the nose landing gear exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(ah) If necessary, disconnect the headset from the service interphone unit.

F. Closeout

(1) Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area.


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CM

M09

1000

2_00

1

C

120120 676567 65 9 90

POSITION PLACARD

A

B

A

B

NOSE WHEEL


Towing − Maintenance PracticesFigure 201 (Sheet 1 of 7)

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CM

M09

1000

2_00

2

C

OVER−TOW

OVER−TOW

SWITCH

INDICATOR PIN



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CM

M0

91

00

02

_0

03

01

EFFECTIVITY

A/C 20001 to 20124

A/C 20125 and Subs

01

02

F

02

KK

GG

DE

MFD1 MFD2

DE

D

HYDRAULIC CONTROL PANEL

ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

E

MFD1 MFD2



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CM

M09

1000

2_00

4HDPH

MIC

H

H

NOSE−COMPARTMENTSERVICE−INTERPHONE UNIT

CURSOR CONTROL PANEL

F

G

TAWS/LANDING GEAR CONTROL PANEL



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CM

M09

1000

2_00

5

TOWBAR

TORQUELINK

LOWERTORQUELINK

TOWBAR

AXLEENGAGEMENTPIN

I

I

SHEAR PIN

UPPER

TOWING THE AIRCRAFT WITH A TOWBAR

J



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CM

M09

1000

2_00

6

I

TOWBARLESS TOWING OF THE AIRCRAFT

WINCH STRAP

TOW VEHICLE

WINCH CUT−OFFSWITCH PLATE

STRUT−STRAP

NOSE LANDINGGEAR

TOWBARLESS

CRADLE



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CM

M0

91

00

02

_0

07


K

1

2

3 4

5

6

J



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TASK 09−10−00−584−8022. Push Back Procedure for the Aircraft

A. Personnel

In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to do this task. In small orconfined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to do this task (refer to Setup).

B. Reference Information


TASK 05−51−23−210−801 General Visual Inspection After Nose Landing Gear(NLG) Exceeds Tow Limits

TASK 10−11−00−867−801 Grounding of the Aircraft

TASK 10−11−00−941−802 Installation of the Lockpin in the Nose Landing−Gear(NLG)

TASK 10−11−00−941−804 Installation of the Lockpins in the MainLanding−Gear (MLG)

TASK 10−30−00−550−802 Mooring

TASK 12−12−00−610−803 Quantity Check of the Brake, Downlock Assist andauxiliary Hydraulic System Accumulators

TASK 12−12−01−614−805 Servicing of the Tires

TASK 12−22−00−640−801 Lubrication of the Nose Landing Gear andComponents

TASK 20−21−00−910−801 Torquing of Threaded Fasteners

TASK 20−50−00−000−802 Removal of Cotter Pins

TASK 20−50−00−400−802 Installation of Cotter Pins

TASK 32−11−05−210−801 Extension Check of the Main Landing Gear (MLG)Shock−Strut

TASK 32−21−00−220−803 Detailed Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG)Assembly

TASK 32−21−05−210−801 Extension Check of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG)Shock−Strut

TASK 32−42−01−210−801 General Visual Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear(NLG) Tires


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TASK 32−44−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake

TASK 32−44−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake

WBM 01−80−60 Weight and Balance Manual

CMM 32−48−29 Nose Landing Gear Wheel Assembly

SRM 53−14−24 Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Support StructureFS250.00 to FS291.00 Allowable Damage

C. Tools and Equipment


GSE 09C−10−01 Towbar Attachment Head

GSE 09C−10−02 Towbar

GSE 10−10−10 Wheel Chocks, Rubber

GSE 23−00−02 Cord, Headset Extension

GSE 23X−51−01 Headset With Mic, Ground Crew

Commercially Available Strut−Strap, LEKTRO CL−300 Choker, P/NAPM403W

Commercially Available Flashlight

Commercially available Wrench, Torque (refer to procedure for the correctrange)

NOTE: Refer to the Illustrated Tool and Equipment Manual to make sure that you usethe correct equipment configuration.


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D. Setup

CAUTION: WHEN YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THATFOLLOW:

- OBEY ALL LOCAL AIRPORT REGULATIONS.

- APPLY TOWBAR LOADS SLOWLY AND CAREFULLY.

- MAKE ALL CHANGES TO THE SPEED OR THE DIRECTION SLOWLY.

- KEEP THE TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE.

- DO NOT USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFTUNLESS THERE IS AN EMERGENCY.

- DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IN A FORWARD DIRECTION AT MORETHAN 5 MPH (8 KM/H).

- DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH(5 KM/H).

- MAKE SURE THAT YOU PUT THE NOSEWHEEL IN THE CENTERPOSITION BEFORE THE AIRCRAFT IS PARKED.

- DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THEAIRCRAFT.

- MOVE THE AIRCRAFT VERY SLOWLY DURING TURNS OF 45 TO 90DEGREES. THIS WILL KEEP THE SIDE LOAD ON THE NOSE LANDINGGEAR TO A MINIMUM.

- DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN 21 340 LBF IN (2 410 NM) OF TORQUEALONG THE SHOCK STRUT AXIS.

IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THEEQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.

NOTE: The person who operates the tow vehicle is referred to as the towingdirector. This person controls the towing operation.

(1) Make sure that the towing director can hear, speak to, or get signals from theground crew.

WARNING: DO NOT USE EXTERNAL AUDIO JACKS WHEN TOWING THEAIRCRAFT IN AN OPEN AREA AND THERE IS A STORM. LIGHTNINGCAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.

(2) If available, and under the condition that follows, use the ground crew headset withmic at the service interphone unit.

(a) If you push back the aircraft in an open area while using the external audiojack, make sure that there are no storm conditions present.

NOTE: During a storm, lightning strike can occur while you use or touch acomponent connected to an external audio jack. In these conditions,lightning can cause injury to persons and damage the equipment.


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(3) In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to push back the aircraft:



(4) In small or confined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to push backthe aircraft:



− Two persons, one at each wing end, make sure that there is sufficient clearancefor the wing ends.

− One person makes sure that the tail of the aircraft has sufficient clearance.

(5) If visual conditions are not good, the ground crew must use flashlights to givesignals.

(6) Make sure that the lockpin is installed in the nose landing gear (NLG)(TASK 10−11−00−941−802).

(7) Make sure that the lockpins are installed in the main landing gear (MLG)(TASK 10−11−00−941−804).

(8) Make sure that the over−tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pinon each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a generalvisual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

NOTE: If the NLG steering angle exceeds 123 degrees during the push backprocedure, and the torque links are connected, you must stop to pushback the aircraft. Look at the over−tow indicator pins. If one of the twopins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the noselanding gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits .

(9) On the nose landing gear strut, find the nose wheel position placard. Applytemporary marks at both of the 120 degree positions so that the towing director cansee the nose gear turn limits.

CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF A SHOCK STRUT IS FULLYCOMPRESSED OR FULLY EXTENDED. DAMAGE TO THEEQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.

(10) Do a detailed inspection of the nose landing−gear shock−strut (extension check)(TASK 32−21−05−210−801).

(11) Do a detailed inspection of the main landing−gear shock−strut (extension check)(TASK 32−11−05−210−801).

(12) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (TASK 12−12−01−614−805).


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(13) If required, remove the mooring equipment (TASK 10−30−00−550−802).

(14) Make sure that all external servicing is disconnected from the aircraft.

(15) Make sure that the ground wire is disconnected from the aircraft(TASK 10−11−00−867−801).

(16) Make sure that the tailstand is removed.

(17) Do the quantity check of the hydraulic brake accumulators(TASK 12−12−00−610−803).

CAUTION: BEFORE YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS AMINIMUM LOAD OF 1 050 LB (476.2 KG) ON THE NOSEWHEEL. IFYOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THEAIRCRAFT.

(18) A minimum load of 1 050 lb (476.2 kg) is necessary on the nose wheel before youpush back the aircraft. Refer to the Weight and Balance Manual (WBM01−80−60)to determine the load on the nose wheel. Add the applicable ballast as necessary.

(19) On the ELECTRICAL control panel, push the L BATT and the R BATT push buttonannunciators (PBA). Make sure that the PBA OFF lights are off (not illuminated).

On A/C 20001 TO 20124

(20) On the cursor control panel (CCP), push the CAS button to show the EICAS pageon the pilot’s multi−function display (MFD 1).


(21) On the CCP 1, push the CAS button to show the EICAS page on the pilot’smulti−function display (MFD 1).

(22) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If yousee the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspectionafter the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

NOTE: If the NLG steering angle exceeds 120 degrees during the push backprocedure, and the torque links are connected, the over−tow switch onthe NLG will be triggered. When the switch is triggered, you the EICASmessage NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. You must stop the pushing back anddo a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceedsthe tow limits .

(23) Make sure that the landing gear selector−handle is set to the DN position.

On A/C 20001 TO 20124

(24) On the CCP, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot’s MFD.You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brakeaccumulator) on this page.


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(25) On the CCP 2, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot’sMFD . You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brakeaccumulator) on this page.

(26) On the HYDRAULIC control panel, set the L PUMP switch to ON.

(27) Increase the inboard brake accumulator pressure to more than 2 300 psi (15 857kPa).

(28) Set the L PUMP switch to OFF.

CAUTION: DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THEAIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS PRECAUTION, DAMAGE TOTHE EQUIPMENT WILL OCCUR.

(29) Do not start the hydraulic pumps while pushing back the aircraft.

NOTE: Thirty seconds after battery power is applied to the aircraft, the power−upsequence for the brake control unit (BCU) starts. With the BCUpowered−up, if hydraulic pressure is increased to 2 600 psi (17 926.48kPa), a test of the hardware−monitoring/shut−off valve (HMSOV) isstarted. One result of the HMSOV test is that the main wheel brakes willoperate momentarily. Therefore, if you push back the aircraft and youoperate the hydraulic pumps, the main wheel brakes will be appliedmomentarily. Damage the aircraft and/or the towing equipment will occur.

NOTE: It is not recommended to remove battery power before pushing back theaircraft. However, if the battery power has been removed and you have toapply battery power while pushing back, know this: if the hydraulicpressure is 2 600 psi (17 926.48 kPa) or greater, the HMSOV test willstart again and the main wheel brakes will operate momentarily. Damageto the aircraft and/or the tow equipment will occur.

(30) On the TAWS/LANDING GEAR control panel, push the NWS PBA and make surethat the PBA OFF light is on.

NOTE: The nose wheel steering (NWS) must be off during the push back theaircraft.

(31) When using a towbar for push back, do not exceed the maximum towing loads thatfollow:

NLG STEERING ANGLE TOWING FORCE

0 degrees ±6 910 lbf (30 737 N)

10 degrees ±6 910 lbf (30 737 N)


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NLG STEERING ANGLE TOWING FORCE

45 degrees ±4 800 lbf (21 351 N)

95 degrees ±5 000 lbf (22 241 N)

E. Procedure

Refer to Figure 202.

WARNING: WHEN YOU PREPARE THE AIRCRAFT FOR TOWING, OBEY THEPRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW:

- MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL STEERING IS SET TO THE OFFPOSITION.

- MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL IS IN THE CENTER POSITION.

- MAKE SURE THAT THE EXTERNAL SERVICING EQUIPMENT ISDISCONNECTED.

- MAKE SURE THAT ALL EXTERNAL DOORS AND PANELS ARECLOSED AND LATCHED.

IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURY TO PERSONSAND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.

WARNING: DURING THE OPERATION TO TOW THE AIRCRAFT, APPLY THE BRAKESONLY FOR AN EMERGENCY STOP. YOU CAN DRAIN THEACCUMULATOR PRESSURE WHICH CAN CAUSE THE BRAKES TO NOTOPERATE. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR DAMAGE TOEQUIPMENT.

CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TIRES ARE FROZEN TO THEGROUND. MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRES CAN TURN FREELY BEFOREYOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSEDAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT.

CAUTION: DO NOT USE SALT OR MATERIALS THAT CAN CAUSE CORROSION TORELEASE TIRES THAT ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. IF YOU DO THIS,YOU WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT.

(1) To push back the aircraft with a towbar, do the procedure that follows:

(a) Engage the axle engage pins on the towing head with the holes in the ends ofthe nose gear.

(b) Attach the towbar to the tow vehicle.

NOTE: Make sure that the towbar shear pin is in good condition.

(c) Close and latch all external doors and panels.


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(d) Remove all the wheel chocks.

(e) Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the wheel chocks are removed.

(f) Make sure that the parking brake is released (TASK 32−44−00−910−802).

(g) Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the brakes are released.

(h) When you push back the aircraft, control the speed with only the tow vehicle.Use the emergency/parking brakes only in an emergency.

(i) Do not stop the aircraft during a turn if it is not necessary.

(j) Do not turn the nose gear more than 120 degrees if the torque links areconnected.

(k) In a hangar where clearance is decreased, nose gear steering angles of morethan 120 degrees can become necessary. If so, do the steps that follow:

CAUTION: DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TORQUE LINKS ONTHE NOSE LANDING GEAR (NLG) SHOCK STRUT AREDISCONNECTED AND YOU CANNOT SEE MORE THAN 3.50INCHES OF CHROME EXTENDED ON THE OLEO PISTON.IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS CAUTION, YOU CAN CAUSEDAMAGE THE EQUIPMENT.

1 Make sure that you can see more than 3.50 in. of chrome extended onthe shock strut.

2 Remove and discard the cotter pin (4) (TASK 20−50−00−000−802).

3 Remove the nut (5), washer (3), and apex pin (1).

4 Disconnect the upper torque link (2) from the lower torque link (6).

5 Make sure that the torque links are in a safe position and they do not hitor catch.

6 Do the necessary push back procedure with torque links disconnected.

7 Apply a layer of grease to the apex pin (1) (TASK 12−22−00−640−801).

8 Align the ends of the upper torque link (2) and the lower torque link (6)and install the apex pin (1).

9 Install the washer (3) and the nut (5).

10 Torque the nut (5) from 30 to 35 lbf in (3.39 to 3.95 Nm)(TASK 20−21−00−910−801).

11 Safety the nut (5) with a new cotter pin (4) (TASK 20−50−00−400−802).


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(l) At the end of the push back procedure, move the aircraft forward or rearwardin a straight line for a short distance.


(m) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft slowly with the towvehicle.


(n) Put the wheel chocks at the main wheels.

(o) Disconnect the towbar from the tow vehicle.

(p) Move the towbar with your hands to align the nose landing gear in alongitudinal direction.

(q) Disconnect the towbar from the nose landing gear.

(r) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message, NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED.If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visualinspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits(TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(s) Push the L BATT PBA and the R BATT PBA.

(t) Make sure that the over−tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There isa pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, doa general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the towlimits (TASK 05−51−23−210−801).

(u) If necessary, disconnect the headset from the service interphone unit.

F. Closeout

(1) Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area.


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CM

M09

1000

2_00

1

C

120120 676567 65 9 90

POSITION PLACARD

A

B

A

B

NOSE WHEEL


Push Back Procedure − Maintenance PracticesFigure 202 (Sheet 1 of 7)

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CM

M09

1000

2_00

2

C

OVER−TOW

OVER−TOW

SWITCH

INDICATOR PIN



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CM

M0

91

00

02

_0

03

01

EFFECTIVITY

A/C 20001 to 20124

A/C 20125 and Subs

01

02

F

02

KK

GG

DE

MFD1 MFD2

DE

D

HYDRAULIC CONTROL PANEL

ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL

E

MFD1 MFD2



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CM

M09

1000

2_00

4HDPH

MIC

H

H

NOSE−COMPARTMENTSERVICE−INTERPHONE UNIT


F

G

TAWS/LANDING GEAR CONTROL PANEL



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CM

M09

1000

2_00

5

TOWBAR

TORQUELINK

LOWERTORQUELINK

TOWBAR

AXLEENGAGEMENTPIN

I

I

SHEAR PIN

UPPER

TOWING THE AIRCRAFT WITH A TOWBAR

J



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CM

M09

1000

2_00

6

I

TOWBARLESS TOWING OF THE AIRCRAFT

WINCH STRAP

TOW VEHICLE

WINCH CUT−OFFSWITCH PLATE

STRUT−STRAP

NOSE LANDINGGEAR

TOWBARLESS

CRADLE



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CM

M0

91

00

02

_0

07


K

1

2

3 4

5

6

J



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