toward safe harbours report 2009-2010 public awareness...

Toward Safe Harbours – Public Awareness Survey 2009‐10

2009-10 Public Awareness Survey


The Bay Area Restoration Council extends its sincere appreciation to our partners at McMaster University and Mohawk College for enthusiastically taking on this project. The students developed the questions, conducted the surveys, analyzed the data and reported their findings. BARC would like to acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Maureen Padden and her 3rd year environmental students Julia Shulist, Niloo Zamani, Sarah Vella and Tom Wiercioch from McMaster University and Mr. Michael McEleny and his 2nd year business students Dan Runzer, Jasmine Aitcheson, Ryan Gamble, Lyndsay Boyd and Shawn Sitter from Mohawk College. Special thanks go to Julia Shulist for writing and editing much of the final TSH report. This project is an excellent demonstration of the potential expertise and capacity in our post secondary institutions and a great example of how local environmental projects can be incorporated into the post secondary curriculum to benefit the students and the community.

Acknowledgements This report was created by volunteers and staff of the Bay Area Restoration Council (BARC) Monitoring Committee:

Sarodha Rajkumar (Chair) Victor Cairns David Gale Michel Gringas John Hall (Resource) Roland Weiler Kelly Pike Jim Hudson

ArcelorMittal Dofasco DFO Emeritus, and BARC Director Conservation Halton Westway Terminals Hamilton Harbour RAP Office Scientist and Concerned Citizen BARC Program Manager BARC Executive Director


TOWARD SAFE HARBOURS REPORT (2009/2010)

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 1. Introduction

1.1 Hamilton Harbour: An “Area of Concern” 1.2 Toward Safe Harbours Reports

2. Background Information 3. Methods 3.1 Limitations

4. Current Communications Practices/Channels 5. Summary of Findings 5.1 General Results 5.2 Awareness 5.3 Communication Modes 5.4 Opinions on Improvements of the Harbour 5.5 Opinions on Clean up Urgency 5.6 BARC Program Participation 5.7 News Sources 5.8 Age Comparison 5.9 Politician Survey 5.10 Educator Survey

6. Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1 Conclusions 6.2 Recommendations

List of Appendices Appendix A – Acronyms Appendix B – McMaster Survey Appendix C – Mohawk Survey Appendix D – Politician Survey Appendix E – Educator Survey


Executive Summary

To monitor and assess the progress of the Hamilton Harbour RAP, BARC has produced the Toward Safe Harbours report annually since 1994. This report was produced by a group of BARC staff and volunteers that make up the BARC Monitoring Committee. In keeping with the theme to reach farther and faster in 2009, the Monitoring Committee decided to survey the public to find out how well BARC is reaching the community. The committee collaborated with Mohawk College and McMaster University to complete surveys of certain sectors in our community. Surveys were completed at three festivals in the summer of 2009: The Festival of Friends, The Dundas Cactus Festival and The Sound of Music Festival in Burlington. Surveys were also completed at Jackson Square and Williams Coffee Pub on Pier 4. Although the sample for this survey was too small to be considered statistically significant, it does help us better understand how BARC is reaching the community. The following is a brief set of conclusions and recommendations gleaned from the surveys and analysis. Cleanup Efforts Many of the respondents were aware of Hamilton Harbour cleanup efforts, although not everyone knew how much progress had been made in recent years. Over half of the respondents were aware of improved waterfront trails and parks and many knew of swimming restrictions at Harbour beaches. Most people identified Randle Reef remediation and sewage treatment plant upgrades as the top two issues requiring immediate attention, perhaps because of recent newspaper coverage. The survey results suggest that more effort is needed to update the community on the status of the Remedial Action Plan (RAP). Younger people (<35 years of age) seemed to know less about the Harbour cleanup than those over 35. Local politicians that were surveyed were aware of the cleanup, but not all knew about the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan, and less than half were personally involved. Sources of Information Newspapers, internet, television and word-of-mouth were the sources of information for the majority of respondents. Younger people obtained news primarily from word-of-mouth, newspapers and television, in that order. BARC Events BARC promotes Harbour cleanup through public events such as the Marsh Volunteer Planting program and the Dragonboat races. BARC also delivers school programs including Stream of Dreams™, Yellow Fish Road™, and Classroom Mini-Marsh as well as the Adopt-a-Creek program, directed at the business sector.


Cleanup efforts are also communicated to the public through workshops, newsletters and annual reports. Approximately 40% of respondents were aware of BARC’s public events. Fewer than 20% of those surveyed were aware of BARC’s public school programs. Less than 5% of those surveyed had joined in any BARC event. Recommendations: Survey results indicate that our community needs more and different approaches to stay informed about Hamilton Harbour issues. These include finding more effective ways to use new and existing media, finding ways to extend BARC’s outreach to all parts of the Hamilton community, and evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of BARC’s programs. Recommendation 1: Rebuild a communications committee to address issues raised by the surveys Changing how BARC communicates Several years ago, BARC had a Public Awareness Committee (BPAC) that was designed to promote the RAP to the general public. BPAC is currently inactive. It is time to rebuild this committee to address some of the communications disconnects identified in the survey. BARC occasionally uses newspapers to convey important messages, yet BARC’s prime communication channels are events, newsletters, annual reports, workshops and its website. This survey suggests that many members of the public gather news from newspapers, television, word of mouth, and the internet. Although BARC does reach many members of the public through its current channels, outreach may be more effective if the following steps were taken:

• Greater use of social networks such as Facebook, • Work with newspapers to enhance BARC’s visibility, • Work with RAP partners to identify newsworthy opportunities for televised

updates and, • Increase speaking engagements at community events and local clubs, high

schools, colleges and universities. Recommendation 2: Extending outreach into the community: Reaching students Many of BARC’s programs are geared specifically toward elementary school children. Though BARC reaches thousands of students every year through its activities, there is always more work to be done. Suggestions include:

• Ensuring that educators are represented on BARC’s Board, • Creating a student board member position to enhance connections with the

student population.


Reaching the multicultural community

The survey did not ask questions about cultural diversity, and it is not known if BARC’s communication programs are reaching Hamilton’s multicultural communities. What is known is that the city of Hamilton is culturally diverse. Approximately 25% of Hamilton’s residents were born outside Canada, and it is important that BARC’s Board, staff and communications programs reflect these demographics. In 2009, BARC partnered with the Sustainability Network to develop the Environment and Diversity Project. A Diversity Coordinator was hired to help BARC reach new audiences by developing and implementing strategies to better reflect and engage under-represented communities in the cleanup of Hamilton Harbour. Goals include: • Forming a Diversity Committee, • Developing and implementing programs to engage multicultural

communities in BARC and the Harbour cleanup, • Creating a BARC board that is representative of the Hamilton community.

Recommendation 3: Review and evaluate the effectiveness and the efficiency of BARC programs. Most of BARC’s resources are used to deliver programs such as the Stream of Dreams, Mini-Marsh, Yellow Fish Road, and Adopt-a-Creek. Tens of thousands of public school children have been made aware of the Harbour cleanup through BARC’s classroom programs. However, less than half of the adults surveyed were aware of these programs. The challenge is to find ways to measure the success of BARC’s programs and to increase program visibility through involvement and communications. Specific recommendations include:

• Forming a Program Evaluation Committee, • Developing and implementing an evaluation process for measuring program

success, • Improving program visibility to the public.


1. Introduction 1.1 Hamilton Harbour: An “Area of Concern” Hamilton Harbour is one of 43 areas on the Great Lakes that were designated as an Area of Concern (AOC) by the International Joint Commission (IJC), a binational agency of the Governments of Canada and the United States. AOCs are those areas with the most environmental degradation, often expressed as Beneficial Use Impairments. Hamilton Harbour is the most polluted of the Canadian AOCs. To restore Hamilton Harbour, a Remedial Action Plan (RAP) was developed and a team formed to implement it. That team, known as the Bay Area Implementation Team (BAIT), is a multi-stakeholder collaborative of governments, industry and the community. The citizens of the Hamilton Harbour watershed are represented by the Bay Area Restoration Council (BARC). 1.2 Toward Safe Harbours Reports BARC’s purpose is to promote, monitor, assess and involve community members and stakeholders in the environmental protection and restoration of Hamilton Harbour as outlined in the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan. BARC monitors and assesses the RAP implementation and publishes its results annually in the Toward Safe Harbours Reports. Since 1991, BARC has produced seven updates on RAP implementation (1994-2000), two Report Cards assessing progress (2002 and 2007), four Progress Toward Delisting Reports (2003-2006) and one investigative report on beaches (2008). These reports are available online at Hamiltonharbour.ca. The reports are produced by a committee of BARC’s Board of Directors known as the Monitoring Committee. This committee was formed in 1995 to be “responsible for monitoring and assessing the progress of the implementation of the Hamilton Harbour RAP”. It is composed of volunteers and chaired by a member of the Board of Directors. Committee members bring a variety of complementary expertise and interests to the table. A BARC staff member is assigned to support the committee and contribute to the writing of the reports to the extent requested by the committee. The current report fulfills the Board of Directors’ desire to learn more about the reach and effectiveness of BARC’s communications programs.


2. Background Information Like most organizations, especially not-for-profits, BARC must allocate limited human and financial resources across multiple projects and endeavours. It is important to ensure such resources are allocated optimally and produce effective results. Such limitations and the need for effectiveness apply equally to program delivery and communications. Yet existing measures of success may be overly simplistic (e.g. attendance at events) versus being true ‘outcome measurement’ tools. Assessing the effectiveness of BARC’s communications and setting a strategic direction may prompt questions:

• who is the target audience, • does BARC reach it effectively and efficiently, • what outcomes does BARC seek from such communication; simple

awareness, behaviour change or something else, • is BARC having an effect and can it be measured, and, • could BARC resources be better allocated elsewhere?

Much BARC staff time is committed to promoting the RAP. Elements include:

• written information (newsletter, website, newspaper articles, and the TSH report),

• special events (tree and marsh planting, clean up days, other waterfront events),

• direct public communication (workshops, annual general meeting, History Night, conferences, presentations),

• communicating with government, • special programs and fundraising and, • education and community awareness programs. BARC focuses some

programs at public school children (e.g. Stream of Dreams, Yellow Fish Road, and Mini-Marsh) and on the business community (Adopt-a-Creek).

Additional information on these programs can be obtained at www.hamiltonharbour.ca and is also contained in Section 4 - Current Communications Practices/Channels. In the past, BARC had a Public Awareness Committee (BPAC). One of its purposes was to “keep the public informed of the progress of the implementation of the RAP”, “encourage feedback on the progress” and “act as the co-ordinating and communication facilitators”. This committee has not been active for several years and the task of informing the public about the Remedial Action Plan has defaulted to BARC staff and the Monitoring Committee who rely on the written and direct communication methods described above to inform the community about the Remedial Action Plan.


In assessing the promotion/communication program, the Monitoring Committee anticipated benefits such as: • providing needed feedback on the effectiveness of BARC’s promotion of the

RAP, • suggesting better measures of effectiveness or “outcomes”, • identifying program elements that need improvement or replacement, • identifying community/demographic sectors that may need special attention

and, • guiding BARC’s upcoming strategic plan in this area. 3. Methods

BARC decided to conduct surveys using a small sample of the general population to gain a preliminary assessment of public awareness of the Harbour cleanup and BARC programs. It was understood at the outset that BARC did not have the resources to conduct a rigorous statistically valid survey, but that a small survey would be useful to BARC as a general indicator of community awareness.

For the first survey, BARC contacted academic institutions to determine if their staff or students would be interested in undertaking surveys as part of a class project. Mohawk College (Mohawk) responded positively and offered to partner with BARC on the first survey. Their survey attempted to assess communications for the local community as a whole. Survey content was jointly developed by members of the BARC Monitoring Committee and the Mohawk survey team.

Based on the results of the Mohawk study, a second, follow-up survey was undertaken by students from McMaster University (McMaster). While also capturing a slice of the local population as a whole, McMaster students attempted to dig deeper into targeted demographic subgroups by including youth and young adults under the age of 35, educators, and politicians. The survey questions were jointly developed by the McMaster students and the BARC Monitoring Committee. Surveys were conducted by post-secondary students with little or no long-term involvement with, or a stake in BARC, or the restoration and protection of Hamilton Harbour. Mohawk students were in second-year business, and McMaster students were third-year environmental science and geography students. The Mohawk students distributed their surveys at William’s Coffee Pub at Hamilton Harbour on Friday, April 3, 2009 between noon and 2:30pm; and Jackson Square Mall (front entrance and food court) on Tuesday, April 7, 2009 between noon and 2:30pm.


Students distributed the surveys by intercepting people and asking them if they would like to participate. In total, 165 surveys were collected. Requests to undertake surveys at two other retail locations, one in Burlington and one on Hamilton Mountain, were declined by the retail mall management.

The McMaster students distributed their surveys at the Sound of Music Festival in Burlington (June 19-21, 2009), the Festival of Friends in Hamilton (Aug. 7-9, 2009) and the Cactus Festival in Dundas (Aug. 13-16, 2009). At each festival, students approached festival goers as they walked by and asked them to participate. As an incentive, respondents could also enter a draw for a gift certificate from a local retailer. Free face painting for children was offered to attract respondents at the Festival of Friends. McMaster students collected 395 surveys. 3.1 Limitations Sample Size The two surveys sampled opinions from 560 people, which is less than 0.1% of the population of the Hamilton Harbour watershed. The small sample size limits interpretation of the data, but the results offer insight into how much people know about the harbour and cleanup efforts. Incomplete Surveys The survey required more than 5 minutes to complete. Because of the time needed, some respondents did not complete the whole survey. Survey Combinability The results of the two surveys were analyzed separately for several reasons. McMaster students modified the Mohawk questions so the questions were slightly different. Also, the two surveys attempted to sample different segments of the community. Mohawk sampled the general public by conducting surveys at the mall and the restaurant. McMaster students attempted to reach a younger demographic by focusing on festival attendees. McMaster also conducted separate surveys with a few educators and politicians. 4. Current Communications Practices/Channels BARC has an active, multimedia communications program that attempts to reach the community. It consumes a lot of staff time, and is limited by their availability to do the work. BARC develops programs to focus on some elements of the community such as public school children, teachers, newspaper readers, and internet users. At the time of the survey, BARC did not use social networking and did not have a


regular presence at the high school or university/college level. Nor had BARC made a special effort to reach non-English speaking sectors of the community. Section 7 includes recommendations for each of these areas. Website BARC has an extensive website (www.hamiltonharbour.ca) that is regularly maintained to update the public on Harbour news and events. Newsletters BARC currently sends out quarterly newsletters in both paper (300 copies) and electronic versions (1200 copies). To reduce paper consumption, printing and mailing costs, BARC is reviewing its mailing list and encouraging recipients to receive their newsletter electronically. E-bulletins E-bulletins are electronic notices that are used for rapid communication. BARC uses E-bulletins to advertise events, seek volunteers for BARC programs, or to draw some other fact to the attention of recipients. Approximately 15 bulletins are distributed annually. Events Invitations to BARC events such as workshops, tree planting etc., are forwarded to those on BARC’s distribution lists. Invitations are also available at various retail and business locations in much the same way as the newsletters. Notices for events are also submitted as Public Service Announcements to local print media such as the Hamilton Spectator and community newspapers, as well as to Hamilton radio stations. Electronic notices are put on the City of Hamilton’s events page, the Halton Environmental Network site, and Act Locally. Press Releases Occasionally, BARC provides press releases to announce significant events or news related to BARC and the Remedial Action Plan. Campus Connections Although BARC’s office is on the McMaster campus, BARC has struggled to have meaningful interaction with the university student body and that of other local secondary and post-secondary academic institutions. At the beginning of this project, BARC had no active programs related to these target groups. At McMaster, BARC recently began to engage more with faculty as well as a student environmental group called MACgreen.

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Summary of Responses: In both surveys, parks and trails had the highest number of people perceiving great improvement. The highest number of people rated swimming conditions as the aspect having little improvement. The results generally agree with BARC’s assessment of Harbour conditions published in the 2007 Report Card. BARC ranked public access (parks and trails) as an ‘A’ and swimming at Harbour beaches as a ‘D’. Not surprisingly, people were most definite about improvements that they could see and use, such as improvements to Harbour access, parks, and trails. Similarly, they were aware of negative aspects such as the ‘no swimming’ signs at the Harbour beaches. However, between a third and half of the respondents in the two surveys did not know if the water was cleaner or if the level of toxic chemicals in the Harbour has declined or if the Cootes Paradise Marsh and fish and wildlife populations were improving. BARC’s annual publication, ‘Toward Safe Harbours’, the newsletter and two annual workshops are attempts to update the public on the progress made by the Remedial Action Plan. The results suggest that these vehicles may not be the best method for communicating with the public. 5.5 Opinions on Clean up Urgency Survey Question: Please Rank the following issues from 1 (most urgent) to 6 (least urgent): clean up of Cootes Paradise, clean up of creeks flowing into Hamilton Harbour, clean up of contaminated sediment at Randle Reef, upgrade wastewater treatment plants, control nuisance species and add more recreational activities. (Question 11, Appendix B)

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People under 35 were less aware of issues surrounding Hamilton Harbour than the general public; however, they were more aware of Harbour events and they participated in more events than the general public. Survey Question: Are you aware of the efforts to clean up Hamilton Harbour?

Figure 21.

Summary of Responses: While the majority of people under the age of 35 were aware of the efforts to clean up Hamilton Harbour, the number of people who were unaware was higher in the under-35-year-old age group. Nineteen percent of the people older than 35 years were unaware of clean up efforts, while almost 40% of the under 35 population were not aware of efforts to clean up the Harbour. Survey Question: How did you learn about the plan to clean up Hamilton Harbour?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Yes No

Percen

t of R

espo

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Are you Aware of the Efforts to Clean up Hamilton Harbour?

Under 35 (n=137)

Over 35 (n=238)


Figure 22. Summary of Responses: The under 35 population learned about the efforts to clean up Hamilton Harbour from word of mouth, newspapers and television, in that order. Word of mouth was a larger factor for this demographic than for the population as a whole. Survey Question: Rate the various aspects of the Harbour according to the amount of improvement you are aware of since 2004: cleaner water, reduced level of toxic chemicals, smell in the Harbour areas, Cootes Paradise Marsh, fish and wildlife populations, swimming conditions (Bayfront, Pier 4) and parks and trails. (Question 10, Appendix B; Question 7, Appendix C).

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

How Did you Learn About the Plan to Clean up Hamilton Harbour?

Under 35 (n=94)

Over 35 (n=200)


Figure 23

Figure 24

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%Pe

rcen

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Think Aspects have Shown Little Improvement

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=237)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Percen

t of R

espo

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Think Aspects have Shown Some Improvement

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=237)


Figure 25.

Figure 26

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Think Aspects have Shown Great Improvement

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=237)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Percen

t of R

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Do Not Know Whether Aspects have Shown Improvement

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=237)


Summary of Responses: There was not a large difference in responses between the two age groups, but generally, people under 35 years of age were less aware of the status of remedial actions than people over 35 years of age. Survey Question: Please Rank the following issues from 1 (most urgent) to 6 (least urgent): cleanup of Cootes Paradise, cleanup of creeks flowing into Hamilton Harbour, cleanup of contaminated sediment at Randle Reef, upgrade wastewater treatment plants, control nuisance species and add more recreational activities. (Question 11, Appendix B)

Figure 27 Survey Question: Are you aware of, or have you watched, or participated in the following Harbour events: planting trees, planting marsh, dragon boat races, Stream of Dreams, Yellow Fish Road and Adopt-a-Creek? (Question 9, Appendix B)

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

Percen

t of R

espo

nses

Top Ranked Issues

Under 35 (n=135)

Over 35 (n=233)


Figure 28.

Figure 29.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Percen

t of R

espo

nses

Respondents Awareness of BARC Events

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=227)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Percen

t of R

espo

nses

Respondents Observation of BARC Events

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=227)


Figure 30. Summary of Responses: The older demographic (people >35 years of age) were generally more aware of BARC’s programs than people less than 35 years of age. There was almost no age difference in the percent of the population that participated in BARC programs. Survey Question: How do you gather news?

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

Percen

t of R

espo

nses

Respondents Participation in BARC Events

Under 35 (n=136)

Over 35 (n=227)


Figure 31.

Summary of Responses: For the ‘under 35’ population, internet, television and newspapers were the top three modes of gathering news. Using the internet to convey information could be more effective for people under the age of 35. 5.9 Politicians As an extension of the survey, a McMaster student interviewed fifteen politicians from three levels of government who were chosen based on their proximity to Hamilton Harbour. All of the politicians were aware of the efforts to clean up Hamilton Harbour. Six of the fifteen respondents conveyed that the significance of the Harbour to them was based on a personal and community connection to the Harbour; they had been either born or raised in Hamilton and had witnessed a change in water quality over time. However, only eight of the fifteen politicians were aware of the Remedial Action Plan, and only six politicians were actively involved. While politicians seem to be aware of efforts to clean up Hamilton Harbour, they appeared to have less awareness of the processes and organizations involved. What is interesting to note however, is that the six politicians involved with RAP were the same six politicians that conveyed a personal or community connection to the Hamilton Harbour, indicating a correlation between proximity to an area and involvement or concern for that area.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%Pe

rcen

t of R

espo

nses

How Do you Gather News?

Under 35 (n=140)

Over 35 (n=247)


All interviewed politicians viewed the cleanup of Hamilton Harbour as an investment. They felt that the cleanup would lead to better health of Hamilton citizens and environmental improvement. Linked to environmental improvement was economic expansion by way of increased tourism and property values. When asked how people under the age of 35 can be informed about local environmental issues, seven politicians said through school and education, five said through meetings and 9 politicians said through the media. The media category was further broken down into social networking groups on the internet and websites (six politicians), newspapers (2 politicians) and radio (2 politicians). The suggestion by six politicians that online social networking groups and websites were the way to connect with the under 35 population is consistent with survey results on how they gather information. 5.10 Educators In a second survey extension targeting another subgroup, a McMaster student interviewed four high school teachers to discover how BARC can deliver its message and information to high school students. Although the sample size was very small and the educators were not in elementary schools which are the focus of most BARC school programs, a summary of their feedback is provided. Educators agreed that BARC programs such as Mini-Marsh, Stream of Dreams and Yellow Fish Road, which engage students in hands-on activities while informing them of local environmental issues, are worthwhile. However, travel, conflicts with other school programs and events, and insurance issues acted as barriers to involving students in projects located outside the school grounds. Insurance was identified by the educators as the main problem. It is a long process to get insurance for a field trip that is around water and not seen as worth the trouble when teachers already have a large workload. Educators obtained most of their information from local newspapers or through their university education. E-mail newsletters were often not read due to time constraints; not a lack of interest. There was one educator who was a member of BARC; he receives and reads the e-mail newsletters and uses the information provided in his lesson plans. The educators liked the idea of teaching students about Harbour environmental issues because it provides a local connection to the curriculum material. When asked how information could be more effectively disseminated to teachers and students, the teachers unanimously suggested that BARC should come into the classrooms and talk to students. This excellent way to spread information doesn’t require insurance forms and avoids conflicting schedules. BARC needs to determine how to make teachers aware that it already offers this service.


6. Conclusions and Recommendations

6.1 Conclusions Most (60-65%) of the respondents were aware of efforts to clean up Hamilton Harbour, which means that 35-40% of those asked were not aware of even this high level goal. Although the majority of people knew about the cleanup efforts, which have received wide coverage in local newspapers and television for many years, not everyone knew how much progress had been achieved. More than half of the of the people surveyed were aware of the improved trails and parks along the waterfront, and many knew of swimming conditions (restrictions) at the Harbour beaches, mostly because they used or wanted to use these resources. However, many (30-60%) did not know if there had been improvements in water quality, reduced levels of toxic chemicals in the Harbour or improvements to the Cootes Paradise Marsh or fish and wildlife populations. suggesting that more effort is needed to extend BARC’s outreach into the community and to find methods for updating the public on the status of the Remedial Action Plan. The majority of people were able to identify the remediation of Randle Reef and upgrades to the sewage treatment plants as two high priority issues requiring immediate attention, perhaps because these issues have recently been hot topics in the local newspaper. Although the sample size is small, it appears that younger people (<35 years of age) did not know as much about the Harbour cleanup as those over 35 years of age. The majority of people learned of the Harbour cleanup from the newspaper, internet, television and word of mouth. The younger age group (under 35 years of age) obtained their news primarily from word of mouth, newspapers and television in that order. Not many people reported learning of the cleanup through BARC’s regular communications channels consisting of annual reports, quarterly newsletters, the Hamilton Harbour web page and BARC events. Clearly BARC needs to use the same communications vehicles that the public is using to obtain their news. Few people mentioned learning about the Harbour cleanup at school, which has been the focus of BARC programming for the last 15 years. Local politicians were aware of the Harbour cleanup, but not all knew about the Remedial Action Plan, which is surprising given that this has been such a high profile event for Hamilton and for the Great Lakes community. Less than half of the politicians were personally involved in the Remedial Action Plan. BARC’s efforts to promote the cleanup of Hamilton Harbour are accomplished through participatory events such as tree and marsh planting, dragonboat races, Stream of Dreams, Yellow Fish Road, Classroom Mini-Marsh, and Adopt-a-Creek, plus workshops, newsletters and annual reports. Results from the survey indicate that there is a reasonable level of awareness of BARC’s public environmental programs such as planting trees and marsh vegetation and dragonboat racing. There is much less awareness of BARC’s educational programs, which are


targeted at public school children. Less than one third of the people surveyed were aware of BARC’s Stream of Dreams, Yellow Fish Road and Adopt-a-Creek programs, and less than 4% of the people surveyed actually participated in any of the BARC events. More than 25,000 public school children have participated in BARC’s school programs, but there are no programs specifically focused on the high school and university age groups. 6.2 Recommendations Recommendation 1: Rebuild a communications committee to address issues raised by the surveys Changing how BARC communicates Several years ago, BARC had a Public Awareness Committee (BPAC) that was designed to promote the RAP to the general public. BPAC is currently inactive. It is time to rebuild this committee to address some of the communications disconnects identified in the survey. BARC occasionally uses newspaper articles to convey important messages, but most of BARC’s communication avenues are through events, newsletters, annual reports, workshops and the Harbour website. However, the public gathers news from newspapers, television, word of mouth, and internet. There is a communications mismatch. Although BARC did reach 60% of the respondents in this survey, more people could be reached by using the same media channels as the public. BARC’s outreach will be more effective if the following steps are taken:

• Greater use of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, • Work with newspapers to enhance BARC’s visibility, • Work with RAP partners to identify newsworthy opportunities for televised

updates and, • Increase speaking engagements at community events and local clubs, high

schools, colleges and universities. Recommendation 2: Extending outreach into the community: Reaching students Many of BARC’s programs are geared specifically toward elementary school children. Though BARC reaches thousands of primary school students every year through its activities, there are almost no programs focused on high school and post secondary students. Some of the recommendations above, such as using social networking and increasing speaking engagements at high schools and universities will help. In addition BARC should:

• Ensure that educators are represented on BARC’s Board,


• Create a student board member position to enhance connections with the student population,

• Increase BARC’s presence in the post secondary school curriculum by involving students in awareness projects, such as the two surveys discussed in this report.

Reaching the multicultural community

The survey did not ask questions about cultural diversity, and it is not known if BARC’s communication programs are reaching Hamilton’s multicultural communities. What is known is that the city of Hamilton is culturally diverse. Approximately 25% of Hamilton’s residents were born outside Canada, and it is important that BARC’s Board, staff and communications programs reflect these demographics. In 2009, BARC partnered with the Sustainability Network to develop the Environment and Diversity Project. A Diversity Coordinator was hired to help BARC reach new audiences by developing and implementing strategies to better reflect and engage under-represented communities in the cleanup of Hamilton Harbour. Goals include: • Forming a Diversity Committee, • Developing and implementing programs to engage multicultural

communities in BARC and the Harbour cleanup, • Creating a BARC board that is representative of the Hamilton community.

Recommendation 3: Review and evaluate the effectiveness and the efficiency of BARC programs. Most of BARC’s resources are used to deliver programs such as the Stream of Dreams, Mini-Marsh, Yellow Fish Road, and Adopt-a-Creek. Tens of thousands of public school children have been made aware of the Harbour cleanup through BARC’s classroom programs. However, less than half of the adults surveyed were aware of these programs. The challenge is to find ways to measure the success of BARC’s programs and to increase program visibility through involvement and communications. Specific recommendations include:

• Forming a Program Evaluation Committee, • Developing and implementing an evaluation process for measuring program

success, • Improving program visibility to the public.


Appendix A – Acronyms AOC Area of Concern BAIT Bay Area Implementation Team BARC Bay Area Restoration Council BPAC BARC Public Awareness Committee HHRAP Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan IJC International Joint Commission RAP Remedial Action Plan TSH Toward Safe Harbours report


Appendix B – McMaster Survey You must be 18 years old to participate in this survey. These questions assess the community’s knowledge of Hamilton Harbour and the Remedial Action Plan. The Remedial Action Plan was initiated in an effort to restore the Hamilton Harbour watershed. Your responses will indicate to the Bay Area Restoration Council and its partners whether their cleanup message is reaching the public. Section 1: Demographic Information

1. Gender a. Male b. Female

2. Age a. 18 to 25 years b. 26 to 35 years c. 36 to 50 years d. 51 years and up

3. I have lived in this area for: a. Less than 1 year b. 1-5 years c. 6-10 years d. More than 10 years

4. Please write the first three (3) letters of your postal code (It will NOT be

used for a mailing campaign) Section 2: General Interest 5. How do you gather news? (Check all that apply)

a. Newspapers b. Magazines c. Television d. Internet e. Word of mouth f. Through work g. At school h. N/A i. Other (Please Specify)

6. Have you visited any of the following in 2008?


a. Hamilton Harbour b. Burlington Bay c. Royal Botanical Gardens

7. (If yes to Hamilton Harbour area) How many times did you go in 2008?

8. Why did you visit the Harbour? (check all that apply)

a. Water Recreation (boating, fishing, swimming) b. Special Events (concerts, fishing derby, fireworks, Earth day, etc.) c. Harbour Attractions (Discovery Centre, Haida, Harbour Trolley tours,

Hamilton Harbour Queen dinner cruises, restaurants, RBG’s Fishway d. Park Recreation (picnic, hiking, using the trails for walking, riding or

skating) e. Nature Appreciation (exploring the wildlife and sanctuary areas in

Cootes Paradise and Hendrie Valley) f. Other (Please Specify)

Section 3: Knowledge of Hamilton Harbour

9. Are you aware of, or have you watched or participated in the following Harbour events? (Check all that apply)

Not aware Aware Watched

Participated Planting trees at sites Planting March vegetation in Cootes Paradise Dragonboat Races at the Harbour Stream of Dreams Yellow Fish Road Adopt-a-Creek


10. Rate the various aspects of the Harbour according to the amount of improvement you are aware of since 2004. (Check the most appropriate box for each aspect)

Cleaner Water Reduced Levels of Toxic Chemicals Smell in Harbour Areas Cootes Paradise Marsh Fish and Wilflife Populations Swimming Conditions (Bay Front, Pier 4) Parks and Trails

11. Please Rank the following issues from 1 (most urgent) to 6 (least urgent) (Mohawk did not have the ranking, just choose top three, can do a comparison, but not combine)

1 2 3 4 5 6

Clean up of Cootes Paradise Clean up of Creeks flowing into the Harbour Clean up of contaminated sediment at Randle Reef

Little Some Great Do Not Improvement Improvement Improvement Know


Upgrade waste Water treatment plants Control nuisance species such as cormorants and geese Add more recreational opportunities, such as more boat slips, beaches and trails

12. Are you aware of the efforts to clean up the Hamilton Harbour? a. Yes b. No

If No, Skip to question #10

13. How did you learn about the plan to clean up Hamilton Harbour? a. Newspapers b. Magazines c. Television d. Internet e. Word of Mouth f. Through Work g. At School h. Other (Please Specify)

14. What would you like to see more of round Hamilton Harbour?

15. Is there anything else you’d like to tell us about Hamilton Harbour or

the clean-up efforts? Do you have questions about Hamilton Harbour or the clean-up efforts? Please use the space below to answer this question. Thank you for participating in our survey about Hamilton Harbour and the Remedial Action Plan.


Appendix C – Mohawk Survey


Appendix D – Politician Survey

1. Are you aware of the current issues regarding Hamilton Harbour and the efforts surrounding its

clean-up? If yes, when and how did you hear about these issues?

2. Do you believe delisting of Hamilton Harbour can be viewed as an investment? Why?

3. Hamilton is known as “the steel city”. Do you think this image is still up to date? What sort of

an image do you believe should be promoted for Hamilton?

4. Are you aware of the Remedial Action Plan (RAP) for Hamilton Harbour? If yes, have you

ever been involved with RAP?

5. What strategies have you used in the past to get people 35 years of age and younger involved in

local environmental issues?


Appendix E – Educator Survey

1. Are you aware of the environmental issues connected with Hamilton Harbour? If yes, how did

you become aware? If no, would you be interested in learning more about Hamilton Harbour?

2. Would you be willing to pass on new information about local environmental issues that you

receive to your students? If not, why?

3. In your experience as an educator, is it more common to provide your students with examples

involving more global environmental issues?

4. In your opinion, do you think students will be interested in learning about issues that are in

closer proximity to them? (In comparison to learning about global issues)

5. Does the curriculum allow you to incorporate local issues into your teaching?

6. Adopt-a-Creek, presented by BARC in cooperation with the Royal Bontanical Gardens, is a

one day event where volunteers spend a day sampling a creek to assess its health. In the

morning volunteers sample for different parameters such as temperature, pH and phosphate

levels and in the afternoon, a litter cleanup of the creek will take place (BARC, 2007).

Programs in the past such as ‘Adopt a Creek’ have failed at the secondary school level. Why do

you think this is so?

a. In your opinion how do you think we can get high school students more aware and

interested in programs such as Adopt-a-Creek?


7. The Bay Area Restoration Council (BARC) is a non-profit group that assesses and promotes

the clean-up projects for Hamilton Harbour and its watershed (BARC, 2007). How do you feel

BARC can communicate with educators more effectively? How do you think they can get

educators more involved and interested in local environmental issues?

8. Is there anything that we have missed? Is there anything else that you would like to tell us

about teaching local environmental issues in Hamilton?

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