toward a sustainable campus part ii: improving the efficiency of the cns building energy systems...
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Toward a Sustainable Toward a Sustainable Campus Part II: Campus Part II:
Improving the Efficiency Improving the Efficiency of the CNS Building of the CNS Building
Energy SystemsEnergy SystemsNitin Rajan Nitin Rajan
‘‘0707Physics Department Physics Department
Ithaca CollegeIthaca College
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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IntroductionIntroduction
To understand the energy use of the CNS To understand the energy use of the CNS building in order to find ways to improve its building in order to find ways to improve its efficiency, thereby decreasing our footprintefficiency, thereby decreasing our footprint
Main Question: Can we make the building Main Question: Can we make the building Kyoto compliant? Can we make the energy Kyoto compliant? Can we make the energy systems more efficient, saving money and systems more efficient, saving money and decreasing our greenhouse gas emissions?decreasing our greenhouse gas emissions?
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Focus: Heating, Ventilation, Focus: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Electricity UsageElectricity Usage Heating Fuel UsageHeating Fuel Usage Reduce energy wasteReduce energy waste
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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CNS HVAC Energy UseCNS HVAC Energy Use
Heating (Boiler) energy Heating (Boiler) energy
849 million therms (measured)849 million therms (measured) Cooling (Chiller) EnergyCooling (Chiller) Energy
0.3 Million kWh/yr (estimated)0.3 Million kWh/yr (estimated) Ventilation (Fan) EnergyVentilation (Fan) Energy
3 Million kWh/yr (estimated) 3 Million kWh/yr (estimated) Energy ComparisonsEnergy Comparisons
On average a household uses On average a household uses 1000 kWh1000 kWh of of energy per monthenergy per month
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Where is all this energy going?Where is all this energy going?
Boilers and Chillers with huge capacitiesBoilers and Chillers with huge capacities
(5 MW and 2.5 MW respectively)(5 MW and 2.5 MW respectively)
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Air Handler Units (AHU)Air Handler Units (AHU)
The 3 main air handlers togetherThe 3 main air handlers together
supply 150 000 Cubic Feetsupply 150 000 Cubic Feet
of air per minuteof air per minute
Condition and distribute the air coming Condition and distribute the air coming from outside to control inside air qualityfrom outside to control inside air quality
Ventilation and Exhaust Fans to move the Ventilation and Exhaust Fans to move the air through and out of the building air through and out of the building
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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What Happens in an Air HandlerWhat Happens in an Air Handler
Pre-Heat
Humidifying
Cooling
AIR INTAKE
To Rooms
Approx. 30% of heating energy
Approx. 20% of heating energy
Approx. 50% of heating energy
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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HVAC SystemHVAC System
AHU 1
HUMIDIFYING
COOLING
OFFICES AND HALLWAYS
PRE-HEAT
HUMIDIFYING
COOLING
AHU 2
LABS
LABFUME HOODS
TO DILUTIONEXHAUST
FANS
AHU 3PRE-HEAT
HUMIDIFYING
COOLING
BUILDINGIN GENERAL
EXHAUST FAN 1 EXHAUST FAN 2 EXHAUST FAN 3 EXHAUST FAN 4
OUTSIDE AIR INTAKE
AIR FROM BUILDING IN
GENERAL
DILUTION PLENUM DILUTION PLENUM DILUTION PLENUM DILUTION PLENUMFROM FUME
HOODS
TO EACH DILUTION PLENUM
EXHAUST EXHAUST EXHAUST EXHAUST
OUTSIDE AIR INTAKE
BY EACH DILUTION PLENUM
RETURN FANFORAHU1
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Fume HoodsFume Hoods
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Fume HoodsFume Hoods
One source of energy waste One source of energy waste identifiedidentified
Around 100 of them in CNS buildingAround 100 of them in CNS building Around 30 were on unnecessarily Around 30 were on unnecessarily
every time we ran a check every time we ran a check
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Energy Consumed by Fume HoodsEnergy Consumed by Fume Hoods
Difficult to determine how long they are Difficult to determine how long they are actually left onactually left on
Weather conditions vary day by dayWeather conditions vary day by day For a fume hood left on UNNECESSARILY For a fume hood left on UNNECESSARILY
for 10 hours on a particularly cold day,for 10 hours on a particularly cold day,
Energy wasted = 100-300 kWhEnergy wasted = 100-300 kWh Which represents 3-9 days of energy use Which represents 3-9 days of energy use
by an average houseby an average house
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Impact of one fume hoodImpact of one fume hood
Here is how much energy they wasteHere is how much energy they waste– Cost in dollars: $7 for that one dayCost in dollars: $7 for that one day
– Cost in GHG emissions: 79 lbs of COCost in GHG emissions: 79 lbs of CO2 2 for for that one daythat one day
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Answer to Main QuestionAnswer to Main Question
Yes, we can work towards making Yes, we can work towards making this building Kyoto compliantthis building Kyoto compliant
Turning off fume hoods represents a Turning off fume hoods represents a huge first step in decreasing COhuge first step in decreasing CO22 emissionemission
x% reduction in annual COx% reduction in annual CO2 2 emission emission just from turning fume hoods offjust from turning fume hoods off
April 2005April 2005 Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Nitin Rajan, Allison Krasnow, Jon Harrod, Beth ClarkJon Harrod, Beth Clark
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Next Steps Next Steps
Request to Lab users:Request to Lab users:
Turn the fume hoods off if you do Turn the fume hoods off if you do not need themnot need them
Sensitize other people as to how Sensitize other people as to how wasteful fume hoods can be if not wasteful fume hoods can be if not used wiselyused wisely
More regular checks to be performed More regular checks to be performed Further analysis of the systemFurther analysis of the system