TOUCH SCREEN

TECHNOLOGY

A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect thepresence and location of a touch within the display area.

Touch screen can also sense other passive objects such asstylus.

The Screens are sensitive to pressure ; a user interacts with thecomputer by touching pictures or words on the screen .

In 1971 Dr. Sam Hurst, founder of Elographics developed thefirst touch opaque sensor “Elograph” at the University ofKentucky.

In 1974 He developed the first real touch screen.

In 1977, Elographics developed the five-wire resistivetechnology then with the backing of Siemens Corporation,developed a curved glass sensor called the touch screen.

In 1983, the first touch screen computer , the HP-150 reachedthe market.

A basic touch screen has three main components :

Touch sensor

Controller

Software driver

A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive area.

The touch sensor is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the screen.

The controller connects between the touch sensor and the PC.

Take information from the touch sensor and translate it into information that PC can understand.

The driver allow the touch screen and computer to work together

This makes touching the screen as same as clicking the your mouse at the same location on the screen.

Resistive

Surface acoustic wave

Capacitive

Infrared

Comprising the ground facilities carrying out the task of satellite

tracking,orbit computations,telemetry and supervision necessary for the

daily control of the space segment.

Master Control System - responsible for overall management of the remote

monitoring and transmission sites.

Monitor Stations - Each of the mitor stations checks the exact altitude,

position, speed, and overall health of the orbiting satellites.

Ground Antennas - Ground antennas monitor and track the satellites from

horizon to horizon. They also transmit correction information to individual

satellites.

A resistive touch screen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of which are two thin metallic electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an object, such as a finger, presses down on a point, causes a change in the electrical current, which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing.

Advantages of Resistive High Resolution and Accuracy

Fast Response

Pressure-activated by finger or gloved hand with a very light touch

Durable hard-coat front surface can be nonglare treated for reflection control or polished for maximum clarity

Touchscreens and controllers are safety agency-approved

components,so certification of your system is easier

Disadvantages of Resistive 80 % Clarity

Resistive layers can be damaged by a sharp object

Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)technology uses ultrasonicwaves that pass over the touchscreen panel.

When the panel is touched, aportion of the wave is absorbed.The change in the ultrasonicwaves registers the position ofthe touch event and sends thisinformation to the controllerfor processing.

SAW touch screen technology issuggested for use in ATMs,Amusement Parks, GamingEnvironments, Industrial ControlRooms etc.

Advantages of Surface Acoustic Wave Very High LightTransmission Excellent Durability High Resolution Fast Touch Response Finger or Gloved-Hand Operation

Disadvantages of Surface Acoustic Wave Must be touched by finger, gloved hand, or soft-

tip stylus. Something hard like a pen won't work Not completely sealable, can be affected by

large amounts of grease, water, or dirt on the touchscreen

A capacitive touch screen panel consist of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide(ITO). As the human body is also a conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the body’s electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance.

Advantages of Capacitive High Touch Resolution

High Clarity

Completely Sealable

Disadvantages of Capacitive Must be touched by finger- will not work with any non-

conductive input .

Does not work with gloved fingers or stylus.

May need re-calibration often .

An infrared touch screen uses an array of X-Y infrared LED and photo detector pairs around the edges of the pattern of LED beams. Infra-red bezels have proven to be a very reliable technology for use in ATMs, Medical Instrumentation and Transportation Tracking applications.

Advantages

Mostly used in manufacturing and medical applications since it can be completely sealed.

operated using a stylus or a gloved finger.

mechanically stronger

Clearer

more wear resistant

Disadvantages

it is very sensitive and can be activated by stray touches.

Low resolution

Parallax problems

The touch screen market's dynamics are altered by growing shipment of Apple's iPhone and iPod and recently the iPad. Projected capacitive touch technology is found to be more adopted in mobile phones and tablets, Display Search forecasts that projected capacitive will pass resistive touch technology to become the leading touch technology in 2013, measured by revenues.

In the future, it looks like we may actually have the option of using our body as a touchscreen, allowing us to make calls, play music and play video games on our skin. A group of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and Microsoft have developed the device called Skinput, which turns your body into a touchscreen by sensing movements in your skin and muscles.

The World’s largest touch screen is 10 meters long and can accept up to 100 multi-touch inputs at one time .

There are thousands of apps that make use of touchscreen technology, but arguably the most innovative is Swype. The current world record text message using Swype consists of 26 words and was typed in 25.94 seconds, which is a speed of 60 words per minute.

More advanced technology like the one from Japanese Company Wacom, would bring multitouch capabilities where people can work on more than on object simultaneously.

Work is still going on to make highly reliable , durable, responsive ,scratch and water proof multitouch touchscreen that can work with both hands (simultaneously) of the user with great coordination.

Touch Screen capability enhance real and natural feeling of working with pc or other devices for example Drag and drop with touch is more real rather than with input devices like mouse .

The future of touch surface is touchscreen video projectors.

In a restaurant, for e.g., you can place your order using the surface of the table as the touch interface, instead of using a touch screen laptop. The ability to transform any surface in a touchscreen means lower costs, making the technology more cost effective.

Informational kiosks.

Trade show displays .

Museum / tourism displays.

Point-of-sale terminals .

Restaurant systems.

Employee time clocks

Industrial process controls

World Wide Web access kiosks

Home automation systems

Casino and other gaming systems

Computer access for the physically disabled

Designers are trying to use touch screen to simplify input commands.

Today, touch screen has been adopted by computer users of all abilities because it is simple, fast and innovative.

Touchscreens, touch panels are display overlays which have the ability to display and receive information on the same screen.

Touchscreens also have assisted in recent changes in the PDAs, making these devices more usable.

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