Total Mixed Ration (TMR) for Dairy CowsTotal Mixed Ration (TMR) for Dairy Cows Dr. István HULLÁR associate professor (2010)Dr. István HULLÁR associate professor (2010)

TMRTMR

- Mixture of forages, roughages, grains, extr. meals, supplements, etc.,

- fed according to the total daily requirements of production groups.

Control of the TMRControl of the TMR

TASKCheck the following TMR whether it is sufficient for the

following dairy cow.STEPS of Solution1. Data Sheet

- TMR,- data regarding the dairy cow;

2. Nutrient Requirements3. Nutrient Content of the TMR4. Evaluation (requirements vs. TMR), Corrections.

Control of the TMRControl of the TMR

1. Data Sheet- TMR

meadow hay (average): 5.0 kg,corn silage (predough stage): 15.5 kgsunflower meal extr. (average): 2.6 kg,CCM (Corn Cob Mix): 8.4 kg;

- Data regarding the dairy cowW: 580 kg, milk production: 25 kg/day,milk protein: 3.2%, milk fat: 3.5%, 2nd lactation.

Calculation of the RequirementsCalculation of the Requirements

2. Nutrient Requirements2.1. DMI:

2-3% of the W (580 kg) = 11.6-17.4 kg/day,2.2. CF:

18-23% of the DM content of TMR.

Calculation of the RequirementsCalculation of the Requirements

2. Nutrient Requirements2.3. Maintenance2.3.1. Energy reqirementNEl = 0.3514*W0.75 = 0.3514*5800.75 =

0.3514*118.19 = 41.53 MJ/day;2.3.2. Protein requirementMP = 3.41*W0.75 = 3.41*118.19 = 403 g/day;2.3.3. Ca requirement: 44*0.001*W = 25.52 g/day;2.3.4. P requirement: 34*0.001*W = 19.72 g/day.

Calculation of the RequirementsCalculation of the Requirements

2. Nutrient Requirements2.3. Maintenance2.3.5. Correction1st lactation: +20% of the total maintenance req.;2nd lactation: +10% of the total maintenance req. (see

later);2.4. Milk Production2.4.1. Energy reqirement

NEl = 1.471 + 0.4032*milk fat% = 1.471 + 0.4032*3.5 =2.88 MJ/kg milk;

25 kg milk: 25*2.88 = 72.06 MJ/day.

Calculation of the RequirementsCalculation of the Requirements

2. Nutrient Requirements2.4. Milk Production2.4.2. Protein requirement

MP = milk protein (g)/0.65 = 32/0.65 = 49 g/kg milk;25 kg milk: 25*49 = 1225 g/day.

2.4.3. Ca requirement: 2.8 g/kg milk;25 kg milk = 25*2.8 = 70.00 g/day;

2.4.4. P requirement: 1.7 g/kg milk;25 kg milk: 25*1.7 = 42.50 g/day.

2. Requirements2. Requirements

Sum of the RequirementsDM CF NEl MP Ca P(kg) (g) (MJ) (g) (g) (g)

Maintenance - - 41.53 403 25.52 19.72+10% - - 4.15 40 2.55 1.9725 kg milk - - 72.06 1225 70.00 42.50TOTAL 11.6-17.4

18-23% of DM

117.74 1668 98.07 64.19

3. Nutrient Content of the TMR3. Nutrient Content of the TMR

DM CF NEl MPE MPN Ca PFeeds (kg) (g) (MJ) (g) (g) (g) (g) 5.0 kg hay 4.37 1372 21.84 415 371 20.98 12.2415.5 kg silage 5.41 1087 34.73 395 298 17.85 13.52 2.6 kg sunfl. 2.33 417 14.79 333 608 7.22 17.47 8.4 kg CCM 5.28 312 41.13 491 306 3.17 13.20TOTAL 17.39 3188 112.46 1634 1583 49.22 56.43Which MP value is valid?

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

Requirements TMR Evaluation

DM, kg 11.60-17.40 17.39 O.K.CF, g 18-23% of the DM 3.188/17.39*100

= 18.33% O.K.Other Nutrients The tolerable difference between the requirement and the

TMR: the rquirement of 2 kg milk ().

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

NEl (MJ)Requirement: 117.74TMR: 112.46Difference: - 5.28Tolerable level: 2.88*2 = 5.76Evaluation: O.K.

MP (g)Requirement: 1668TMR: 1583Difference: - 85Tolerable level: 49*2 = 98Evaluation: O.K.

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

Ca (g)Requirement: 98.07TMR: 49.22Difference: - 48.85Tolerable level: 2.8*2 = 5.6Evaluation: insufficient

P (g)Requirement: 64.19TMR: 56.43Difference: - 7.76Tolerable level: 1.7*2 = 3.4Evaluation: insufficient.

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

CorrectionsTypes of Ca and P supplementsName Ca (g) P (g)Limestone 380 -AP-17 210 170AP-18 190 180Phylafor 40 125AP-IV 17 170

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

Corrections1. Correction of the P deficiency by AP-IV:

1000 g AP-IV contains 170 g P x g AP-IV contains 7.76 g Px = 7.76/170*1000 = 45.65 g AP-IV

2. Calculation of the amount of Ca given by AP-IV:1000 g AP-IV contains 17 g Ca 45.65 g AP-IV contains x g Cax = 45.65/1000*17 = 0.78 g Ca.

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

Corrections3. Calculation of the Ca deficiency remained:

48.85 – 0.78 = 48.07 g;4. Correction of the Ca deficiency by limestone:

1000 g limestone contains 380 g Ca x g limestone contains 48.07 g Cax = 48.07/380*1000 = 126.50 g limestone.

4. Evaluation, Corrections4. Evaluation, Corrections

Final Evaluation- DM, CF, NEl, and MP content of the TMR are O.K.;- but 45.65 g AP-IV and 126.50 g limestone

supplementations are required.