total defeat explaining “stabilization”. total war: the front lines euphoria early victory
TRANSCRIPT
Total Defeat
Explaining “stabilization”
Total War: the front lines
euphoriaEarly victory
Total War: the front lines
euphoriaEarly victory atrocity
Total War comes home
Total War comes home
Landscapes of Total Defeat
Total Defeat: Kyodatsu
Total Defeat
Problem: Explaining Stability
•Fears of revolution•Hopes for revolution
Problem: Explaining Stability
Occupation Reforms
1. Dismantle the old order [blamed for the war]
•purge wartime leaders (military, party, business)
•break up zaibatsu •expropriate landlords
Land Reform
Constituencies for and against change
•Land reform: tenants and bureaucratic reforms v. landlords
Labor reform•unions and social policy bureaucrats v.
business elite and economic bureaucrats
Constitutional Reform: adapting old form
Reverse course
Context of deepening “cold war” Fear of left in Japan From about 1947: Crackdown on labor Retreat from zaibatsu dissolution Purge of communists, 1950 De-purge of some of “old guard”
Recap:Explaining “stabilization”
Stability ≠ stagnation or lack of change Hybrid result: mix of promoting, managing,
resisting, changeSCAP mobilizes existing constituencies, shifts
balance among them Effectively: land, labor casesLess effect: zaibatsu dissolution, education,
policingEconomic recovery also critical
Transwar trends in political economy and society Industrial policy
Three iterations: “self-control” circa early 1930sState control: 1940 Control AssociationsPostwar MITI: gets the state-private mix right?
Labor OrganizationWartime controls codify seniority wagesPatriotic Associations feed into inclusive employee
unions Agrarian Reform
Further weaken landlords, strengthen tenants