topic: ecology aim: describe the effects of environmental changes on humans and other populations....
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Topic: EcologyAim: Describe the effects of environmental
changes on humans and other populations.
Do Now: Take out your ecology reading notes.
HW: Earth Day Poster due Tuesday.Don’t forget the CL Evolution test is due
Monday!!!
Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?1. all the living organisms in a specific location2. all the nonliving materials in a specific location3. some nonliving materials passing through living organism in a specific location4. living organisms and nonliving materials interacting in a specific location
Ecological Terms (1) Commensalism (2) Mutualism
(3) Parasitism (4) Decomposers(5) Predator
1. The relationship between the crocodile and the leech
2. Bacteria or fungi3. One organisms is benefits and the other
is not affected4. Organisms hunt for animals as a source
of food5. Both organisms benefit
Parasitism
Decomposers
Commensalism
Predator
Mutualism
• Normal, GRADUAL changes that occur in the types of species that live in that area
1. Describe ecological succession.
• The first to inhabit an area• Ex:
– Lichens– Moss– Bacteria
2. Describe pioneer organism and identify an example of pioneer organisms.
• The end stage of succession• Community of plants that is
stable and UNDISTURBED(Not replaced by another community)
3. Describe a climax community.
• Wildfire• Avalanche• Human activities
4. Identify some factors that can disrupt a climax community.
5. Observe Figure 3 on p. 742.
• Yellowstone National Parka. Where did this 1988 fire occur?
• Seeds protected under the soilb. What was still found in the soil after the fire that caused succession to begin again?
• Secondary Successionc. Identify the type of succession that was occurring?
Primary succession begins in a place previously without plants.
Secondary succession begins in a place that already has soil and was once home to living things.
Stages of Succession in a Pond
• Any natural resource that is recycled or replaced constantly by nature.
• Sun, water, air, crops
6. Describe renewable resources and identify 4 examples of renewable resources.
• Natural resources that are used up more quickly than they can be replaced by natural processes
• Plastics, paints, gasoline, petroleum, minerals, metals
7. Describe nonrenewable resources and identify 4 examples of nonrenewable resources.
• Fuels formed in Earth’s crust over hundreds of millions of years
8. Describe fossil fuels.
• Gasoline• Diesel fuel• Jet fuel• Coal• Natural Gas
9. Identify 5 examples of fossil fuels that we use everyday.
• Because they are limited, in the future they may become more expensive and difficult to obtain
• Environmental problems– Mining coal leads to the stripping
away of thick layers of soil and rock which can destroy ecosystems
10. Identify 2 problems caused by the burning of fossil fuels. .
•Burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution (smog, acid rain, global warming)
• Rain falls on roads and parking lots can wash oil and grease into soil and nearby streams
11. Describe at least 3 causes of water pollution.
• Rain washes agricultural pesticides and fertilizers into lakes, streams and rivers
• Industrial wastes are sometimes released into surface waters
Topic: EcologyAim: Describe the effects of environmental
changes on humans and other populations.
Do Now: Take out your ecology reading notes.
HW: Earth Day Poster due tomorrow.CL Plants due FridayCL Ecology due Monday
1.Identify process A. Identify the cell organelle where it occurs. respiration mitochondria
2. Identify process B. Identify the cell organelle where it occurs. photosynthesis chloroplasts
3. Which material cycle is represented in the diagram?Carbon cycle
1.Identify a plant’s response to external stimuli.
TROPISM2. Identify the chemical that
causes that response.AUXINS
Identify the tropisms below. 1.Plant grows towards water.
HYDROTROPISM2.Plants response to touch.
THIGMOTROPISM3.Roots grow down towards gravity. Stems grow up and away from gravity.
GRAVITROPISM OR GEOTROPISM4.Plant bends towards light.
PHOTOTROPISM
1. Which group contains only abiotic factors? Support your answer.
2. Identify the group that represents an ecosystem. Support your answer.
A, C and D because it consists of biotic and abiotic factors interacting together.
Barnacles often attach themselves to whales and receive free transportation to parts of the ocean. The whales are not affected by this activity. Identify this relationship. Support your answer.
Commensalism
One organism benefits while the other is not affected.
1. What process is occurring in the diagram?Ecological succession
2. What would most likely be found in stage 1? Pioneer species
3. Identify Stage IV. Climax community
4. Will stage IV be replaced by another community? Support your answer.No , it will not because it is a stable community.
5. Identify a factor that can disrupt a climax community.Natural disaster, hurricane, tornado, deforestation, industrialization
1. Which would NOT be considered a renewable resource
(1.) coal (2.) solar power (3.) ocean waves (4.) hydroelectric
power
2. Identify a renewable resource not seen in the previous question. water, trees
3. Identify another nonrenewable resource.fossil fuels: natural gas, oil, petroeum
• Poison fish and other wild life• Can be harmful to people who
swim in or drink water• Mercury and other metals can
build up in tissues of fish transferred to people and animals
12. Describe 2 NEGATIVE effects of water pollution.
Air pollution
• Byproducts of burning fossil fuels
1. Identify the greatest contributor to air pollution.
• Irritated noses• Irritated eyes and throats• Asthma attacks• Heart or respiratory diseases• Cancers• Nerve damage
2. Identify at least 6 health hazards of air pollution.
• Acidic form of precipitation that can damage trees, crops, lakes and bodies of water
3. What is acid rain?
• Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
• From burning of coal and fossil fuels
4. Identify the pollutants that cause acid rain
Effects of acid rain: • Washes nutrients from the soil (damage
to trees and plants)• Runoff from acid rain gets into lakes and
rivers
• Upper atmosphere• Stratosphere
5. Where is the ozone layer located?
• It acts as a protective shield that protects the earth from harmful UV radiation.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUfVMogIdr8
6. Describe the importance of the ozone layer.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)• Halons• Methyl chloroform
7. Identify the chemicals that break down the ozone layer.
• Used in aerosol propellants – hairspray and deodorants
• Coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners
8. Identify what releases CFC’s.
• Carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels builds up in the atmosphere warming of earth
9. Describe global warming.
• Carbon dioxide10. Identify the gas that contributes to global warming.
• Polar ice caps melt ocean levels rise
11. Describe 3 negative effects global warming has on ecosystems.
• Climate change– Erratic weather – Changes in
rainfall patterns– Increase in the #
of storms and hurricanes
– Warner weather
Let’s summarize…1. Describe ecological succession. 2. Describe how humans can disrupt a climax
community. Explain what happens after this disruption.
3. Explain the causes and effects of air pollution.
4. Explain the causes and effects of acid rain.5. Explain the causes and effects of global
warming.6. Explain the causes and effects of ozone
depletion.
The diagrams best illustrates (1.) ecological succession (2.) organic evolution (3.) the effects of acid rain (4.) a food chain
If no human intervention or natural disaster occurs, by the year 2050 this area will most likely be a
(1.) pond (2.) field (3.) forest (4.) desert
Which sequence best represents the stages of succession that would most likely occur in NY State?
(1) bare rock beech-maple forest moss lichens
(2) Grassland pine forest beech-maple forest marsh lake
(3) Lake marsh grassland shrubs beech-maple forest
(4) pine forest grassland shrubs lichens
Which statement concerning the climax stage of an ecological succession is correct?
(1.) It is the first community to inhabit an area.
(2.) It consists entirely of plants.(3.) It persists until the
environment changes. (4.) It changes rapidly.
For 25 years, hay was cut from the same 10 acres on a farm. During these years, shrews, grasshoppers, spiders, rabbits, and mice were seen in this hayfield. After the farmer retired, he no longer cut the hay and the field was left unattended. What will most likely occur in the former hayfield over the next few decades?
1.The plant species will change, but the animal species will remain the same.
2.The animal species will change, but the plant species will remain the same.
3.Neither the plant species nor the animal species will change.
4.Both the plant species and the animal species will change.
1. Which substance is the major cause of the loss of our stratospheric ozone shield?
(1.) CFC's (2.) oxygen (3.) acid rain (4.) carbon dioxide
2. Give an example of a negative effect of ozone depletion.
More cases of skin cancerDestroy producers malnutritionEye defects
1. Which is NOT an expected effect of global warming?
(1.) Melting of polar ice caps.(2.) Flooding of coastal areas. (3.) Increased crop yields. (4.) Alteration of rainfall patterns
2. What are two possible causes of global warming?
Burning of fossil fuelsDeforestationIncrease in factories
There is ample evidence to suggest a direct relationship between global warming and increased
(1.) ozone concentration (2.) carbon dioxide concentration (3.) acid rain(4.) CFC's
1. Methods used to reduce sulfur dioxide from smokestacks are an attempt by humans to
(1) lessen the amount of insecticides in the environment
(2) eliminate diversity in wildlife
(3) lessen the environmental impact of acid rain
(4) use nonchemical controls on pest species
2. What are some of the causes of acid rain?Factories
Release of sulfur and nitrogen in to atmosphere
3. List some of the negative effects of acid rain.Destroy producers
Lake acidification
Destroy aquatic life
1. Deforestation will most directly result in an immediate increase in
(1) atmospheric carbon dioxide(2) atmospheric ozone(3) wildlife populations(4) renewable resources
Bacteria of decay are important components of an ecosystem because they(1) recycle organic matter(2) are involved in photosynthesis(3) absorb solar energy(4) slow the spread of disease
1. Identify a carnivore from the food web.wolves, worms
2. Describe the complete path of energy from the Sun to that carnivore.
sun grass deer wolvessun grass rabbits wolves
1. Identify a carnivore from the food web.wolves, worms
2. Describe the complete path of energy from the Sun to that carnivore
sun grass deer wolvessun grass rabbits wolvespond algae rotifers worms
3. Why are decomposers are necessary in this food web?
Decomposers break down all dead organisms and return some nutrients back to the soil to be used again by plants.
4. Significant decrease in the wolf population occurs. After a period of one year, what change in the grass population would most likely be observed? A decrease in the wolf population would cause an increase in the rabbit and deer population. This would cause the grass population to decrease.