FULLAN’S FULLAN’S MODEL FOR CHANGEMODEL FOR CHANGE

Fullan believes that to begin the Fullan believes that to begin the change process you must first have a change process you must first have a moral purpose.moral purpose.

o Moral Purpose means acting with the Moral Purpose means acting with the intention of making a positive difference intention of making a positive difference in the lives of the people it affects.in the lives of the people it affects.

Leaders must understand the change Leaders must understand the change process. They must understand the process. They must understand the complexity involved in change.complexity involved in change.

The single common factor to every The single common factor to every successful change initiative is that successful change initiative is that relationships improve.relationships improve.

There must be the creation and sharing of There must be the creation and sharing of new knowledge.new knowledge.

o Fullan believes that people won’t share information Fullan believes that people won’t share information unless they are committed to the project and that also unless they are committed to the project and that also includes that they believe there is a moral purpose.includes that they believe there is a moral purpose.

Coherence Making is the Coherence Making is the final step of understanding final step of understanding the change.the change.

o Change creates disequilibrium, Change creates disequilibrium, which can be uncomfortable. which can be uncomfortable. People have to make sense of the People have to make sense of the process for themselves.process for themselves.

EXAMINATION OF FULLAN’S 5 POINTSEXAMINATION OF FULLAN’S 5 POINTS

LEADERSHIP AND MORAL PURPOSELEADERSHIP AND MORAL PURPOSE

Every leader, to be effective, must have a moral Every leader, to be effective, must have a moral purpose.purpose.

Moral purpose should be involved in both the process Moral purpose should be involved in both the process and the end product.and the end product.

Moral purpose cannot just be stated. It must have Moral purpose cannot just be stated. It must have strategies to make it happen.strategies to make it happen.

Moral purpose is difficult because you have to contend Moral purpose is difficult because you have to contend with the different ideas and cultures that people in an with the different ideas and cultures that people in an organization bring to the community.organization bring to the community.

Culture and core values are often the glue that holds an Culture and core values are often the glue that holds an organization together organization together

Moral purpose should have a purpose and a Moral purpose should have a purpose and a passion.passion.

Authentic leaders have a distinctive style and Authentic leaders have a distinctive style and have ideals, values and purposes. They have ideals, values and purposes. They “display character.”“display character.”

They are morally diligent in advancing the They are morally diligent in advancing the project.project.

They know that cooperative groups thrive and They know that cooperative groups thrive and selfish ones do not.selfish ones do not.

They know that most people have both “egotistic They know that most people have both “egotistic and altruistic desires” and realized that that’s and altruistic desires” and realized that that’s O.K. O.K.

Effective leadership has:Effective leadership has:

o Strategies that mobilize many people to tackle Strategies that mobilize many people to tackle tough problemstough problems

o Accountability that can be measuredAccountability that can be measuredo An explicit “making a difference sense of An explicit “making a difference sense of

purpose”purpose”o Assessment that can be measured by the Assessment that can be measured by the

extent it awakens the intrinsic commitment of extent it awakens the intrinsic commitment of others—it mobilizes everyone’s sense of others—it mobilizes everyone’s sense of moral purpose moral purpose

LEADERSHIP MUST UNDERSTAND LEADERSHIP MUST UNDERSTAND THE CHANGE PROCESSTHE CHANGE PROCESS

Goal of leadership is not to innovate the most!Goal of leadership is not to innovate the most!

It is not enough to have the best ideas.It is not enough to have the best ideas.

Leadership must appreciate the early difficulties of trying Leadership must appreciate the early difficulties of trying something new.something new.

Leadership must look at resistance as a positive force in Leadership must look at resistance as a positive force in the change process.the change process.

Leadership must re-culture the organization during the Leadership must re-culture the organization during the change process.change process.

Never perceive change as a check-list, but always as a Never perceive change as a check-list, but always as a complex system. complex system.

LEADERS MUST UNDERSTAND THAT LEADERS MUST UNDERSTAND THAT RELATIONSHIPS ARE ESSENTIALRELATIONSHIPS ARE ESSENTIAL

““If moral purpose is job one, relationships are job two as If moral purpose is job one, relationships are job two as you can’t get anything done without them.”you can’t get anything done without them.”

According to some experts on organizational leadership, According to some experts on organizational leadership, the differences between effective and ineffective leaders the differences between effective and ineffective leaders are how much they really care about the people they are how much they really care about the people they lead.lead.

According to Fullan, “It is the interactions and According to Fullan, “It is the interactions and relationships among people, not the people themselves, relationships among people, not the people themselves, that makes the difference in an organizational success.that makes the difference in an organizational success.

Relationships within an organization are essential to Relationships within an organization are essential to consider during the change process.consider during the change process.

Effective leaders constantly foster purposeful Effective leaders constantly foster purposeful interaction and problem solving.interaction and problem solving.

Effective leaders are often wary of consensus.Effective leaders are often wary of consensus.

If relationships were good prior to the changes, If relationships were good prior to the changes, they become better during the process.they become better during the process.

Leaders must Leaders must create learning communitiescreate learning communities that that enhance the skills and knowledge of the people enhance the skills and knowledge of the people in the organization.in the organization.

Learning communities can be channeled to Learning communities can be channeled to promote organizational innovations while promote organizational innovations while maintaining coherence.maintaining coherence.

People in a learning community must have a People in a learning community must have a common culture of expectations and must be common culture of expectations and must be held accountable.held accountable.

Learning communities must have access to appropriate Learning communities must have access to appropriate materials and resources.materials and resources.

Strong learning communities can make matters worse if Strong learning communities can make matters worse if the leadership doesn’t carefully monitor relationships and the leadership doesn’t carefully monitor relationships and behaviors. behaviors.

Effective learning communities share knowledge and Effective learning communities share knowledge and collaborate, often making a breakthrough decision.collaborate, often making a breakthrough decision.

The role of the leader is to ensure that the learning The role of the leader is to ensure that the learning community develops relationships that produce desired community develops relationships that produce desired results.results.

In several studies, the leadership, or lack of it accounted In several studies, the leadership, or lack of it accounted for the difference in whether a strong professional for the difference in whether a strong professional learning community developed that affected student learning community developed that affected student learning in a positive way.learning in a positive way.

Knowledge of the teachers is very important but you Knowledge of the teachers is very important but you must move them into professional learning communities must move them into professional learning communities to channel changes into a coherent program.to channel changes into a coherent program.

KNOWLEDGE BUILDINGKNOWLEDGE BUILDING

When you are going through the change When you are going through the change process leaders must focus the group on the process leaders must focus the group on the new information.new information.

Change doesn’t happen when you place Change doesn’t happen when you place changed individuals into the environment. You changed individuals into the environment. You have to create a new environment and new have to create a new environment and new settings.settings.

People have to be able to share information and People have to be able to share information and that requires that people listen to each other. that requires that people listen to each other. Listening depends on good relationships within Listening depends on good relationships within the organization.the organization.

The culture of the organization has to include The culture of the organization has to include sharing of information. In turn, sharing of sharing of information. In turn, sharing of information creates a collaborative culture, information creates a collaborative culture, which cycles back to more sharing.which cycles back to more sharing.

Leaders in a culture of change must access Leaders in a culture of change must access tacit tacit knowledge knowledge from members of the group. from members of the group.

Tacit knowledge is what people know, but don’t Tacit knowledge is what people know, but don’t necessarily verbalize—how the organization necessarily verbalize—how the organization works below the level of discussion or works below the level of discussion or consciousness.consciousness.

Organizations that create and share Organizations that create and share knowledge are characterized by the ability to;knowledge are characterized by the ability to;

Share tacit and explicit informationShare tacit and explicit information Share the same set of beliefsShare the same set of beliefs Create professional development opportunitiesCreate professional development opportunities Communicate both up and down in the hierarchyCommunicate both up and down in the hierarchy

Michael Fullan uses a term called “slow Michael Fullan uses a term called “slow knowing” to describe a leadership quality. knowing” to describe a leadership quality.

He states that the more patient modes of He states that the more patient modes of leadership are very well suited to making sense leadership are very well suited to making sense of intricate situation, complex and ill-defined of intricate situation, complex and ill-defined problems.problems.

Slow knowing means absorbing the Slow knowing means absorbing the disturbances and drawing out new patterns.disturbances and drawing out new patterns.

People need to internalize the process of People need to internalize the process of change—the change itself and the unexpected change—the change itself and the unexpected effects of the change, including relationships. effects of the change, including relationships.

COHERENCECOHERENCE MAKINGMAKING

Good leadership requires the process of making meaning out of the Good leadership requires the process of making meaning out of the changes.changes.

Leadership is difficult in a climate of change because of the Leadership is difficult in a climate of change because of the disequilibrium and people must understand what is happening.disequilibrium and people must understand what is happening.

Once people start to make meaning of the change and it has Once people start to make meaning of the change and it has coherence, new patterns may emerge.coherence, new patterns may emerge.

When the changes are perceived positively it creates energy, When the changes are perceived positively it creates energy, enthusiasm and generates other positive changes.enthusiasm and generates other positive changes.

Good effective leaders make people feel that even in the most Good effective leaders make people feel that even in the most difficult times, problems can be discussed productively.difficult times, problems can be discussed productively.

Effective leaders have confidence, not always certainty.Effective leaders have confidence, not always certainty.

Effective leaders have enthusiasm, which can be contagious.Effective leaders have enthusiasm, which can be contagious.

There are 2 types of commitment—There are 2 types of commitment—external and internal:external and internal:

External is triggered by management policies—External is triggered by management policies—we have to do this task. This starts the wheels we have to do this task. This starts the wheels turning and puts the change into motion. This turning and puts the change into motion. This can be a motivation to get involved.can be a motivation to get involved.

Internal is triggered by a sense of Internal is triggered by a sense of accomplishment. We are getting the job done accomplishment. We are getting the job done and that gives us a good feeling. This generates and that gives us a good feeling. This generates a “collective mobilization” that can energize the a “collective mobilization” that can energize the project project

Michael Fullan stated “In many organizations, the Michael Fullan stated “In many organizations, the problem is not the absence of innovations, but the problem is not the absence of innovations, but the presence of too many disconnected, episodic, piecemeal presence of too many disconnected, episodic, piecemeal projects with superficial implementation.”projects with superficial implementation.”

When an organization is in the process of change people When an organization is in the process of change people have to let go of previous ideas, yet keep the new ideas have to let go of previous ideas, yet keep the new ideas under control. under control.

Change creates “messiness” and messiness is seen as Change creates “messiness” and messiness is seen as disequilibrium.disequilibrium.

An organization is a living system.An organization is a living system.

Living systems must change and grow or they will die.Living systems must change and grow or they will die.

Living systems never change on a pure linear path.Living systems never change on a pure linear path.

Leadership must be able to adapt to the unexpected and Leadership must be able to adapt to the unexpected and tweak the “status quo” if needed.tweak the “status quo” if needed.

Change should create a disturbance in a way that Change should create a disturbance in a way that matches some of the desired outcomes.matches some of the desired outcomes.

Productive “disturbance” occurs when there is a moral Productive “disturbance” occurs when there is a moral purpose to the change.purpose to the change.

People will work towards a higher goal if they see the People will work towards a higher goal if they see the purpose of the change and if it makes sense to them!purpose of the change and if it makes sense to them!

To make things coherent policies and strategies have to To make things coherent policies and strategies have to be aligned with assessment and professional be aligned with assessment and professional development.development.

The actual solutions to the problem may come from the The actual solutions to the problem may come from the people closest to the situation.people closest to the situation.

Michael Fullan uses a term called “slow knowing” to Michael Fullan uses a term called “slow knowing” to describe a leadership quality. describe a leadership quality.

He states that the more patient modes of leadership are He states that the more patient modes of leadership are very well suited to making sense of intricate situation, very well suited to making sense of intricate situation, complex and ill-defined problems.complex and ill-defined problems.

Slow knowing means absorbing the disturbances and Slow knowing means absorbing the disturbances and drawing out new patterns.drawing out new patterns.

People need to internalize the process of change—the People need to internalize the process of change—the change itself and the unexpected effects of the change, change itself and the unexpected effects of the change, including relationships.including relationships.

Effective leaders always see the bigger picture.Effective leaders always see the bigger picture.

Leadership must be developed at all levels of the Leadership must be developed at all levels of the organization, and new leaders cultivated for the future.organization, and new leaders cultivated for the future.

People must have a shared commitment to the project People must have a shared commitment to the project and there must be lateral and hierarchal accountability.and there must be lateral and hierarchal accountability.