IBChemistry/Brown Name:

Topic3PeriodicityExercises1.UsethePeriodicTabletoidentifythepositionofthefollowingelements.

Element Period GroupHelium

Chlorine

Barium

Francium

2.PhosphorusisinPeriod3andGroup5ofthePeriodicTable (a)Distinguishbetweenthetermsperiodandgroup.

(b)StatetheelectronarrangementofphosphorusandrelateittoitspositioninthePeriodicTable.

3.Howmanyvalence(outershell)electronsarepresentintheatomsoftheelementwithatomicnumber51?4. (a)Explainwhatismeantbytheatomicradiusofanelement. (b)TheatomicradiioftheelementsarefoundinTable8oftheIBDatabook.

(i)Explainwhynovaluesforatomicradiiaregivenforthenoblegases.(ii)DescribeandexplainthetrendinatomicradiiacrossthePeriod3elements.

5.Explainwhysulfurhasahighermeltingpointthanphosphorus.6.Whichphysicalpropertygenerallyincreasesdownagroupbutdecreasesfromlefttorightacrossaperiod? Ameltingpoint Belectronegativity Cionizationenergy Datomicradius7.TheelementsinthePeriodicTablearearrangedinorderofincreasing: Arelativeatomicmass Bionicradii Cnuclearcharge Dionizationenergy8.WhatistheorderofdecreasingradiiforthespeciesCl,Cl+,andCl‐?9.Whichoneofthefollowingelementshasthehighestelectronegativity? ABe BCl CCa DBr

10.Statetwoobservationsyoucouldmakeduringthereactionbetweensodiumandwater.Giveanequationforthereaction.11.Howdothereactivitiesofthealkalimetalsandthehalogensvarydownthegroup?12.Whichpropertyofthehalogensincreasesfromfluorinetoiodine? Aioniccharge Belectronegativity Cmeltingpointoftheelement Dchemicalreactivitywithmetals13.AnoxideofaPeriod3elementissolidatroomtemperatureandformsabasicoxide.Identifytheelement. A)Mg B)Al C)P D)S14.Whichpairofelementshasthemostsimilarchemicalproperties? A)NandS B)NandP C)PandCl D)NandCl15.Identifytheoxidewhichformsanacidicsolutionwhenaddedtowater. A)Na2O(s) B)MgO(s) C)SiO2(s) D)SO2(g)16. (a)Usethedatabelowtoidentifythestateorthefouroxideslistedunderstandardconditions.

Oxides Meltingpoint/K Boilingpoint/KMgO 3125 3873

SiO2(quartz) 1883 2503P4O10 297 448SO2 200 263

(b)Explainthedifferenceinmeltingpointsbyreferringtothebondingandstructureineachcase.

(c)Theoxidesareaddedtoseparatesamplesofpurewater.Statewhethertheresultingliquidisacidic,neutral,oralkaline.Describeallchemicalreactionsbygivingchemicalequations.(d)Usechemicalequationstodescribethereactionsofaluminumoxidewith: (i)hydrochloricacid (ii)sodiumhydroxide

17. (a)Usethedatabelowtoidentifythestatesofthefourchlorideslistedunderstandardconditionsoftemperature(298K)andpressure(100kPa).

Chlorides Meltingpoint/K Boilingpoint/KNaCl 1074 1686AlCl3 451sublimesSiCl4 203 331PCl3 161 349

(b)Explainthedifferenceinmeltingpointsbyreferringtothebondingandstructureineachcase.

(c)Thechloridesareaddedtoseparatesamplesofpurewater.Statewhethertheresultingliquidisacidic,neutraloralkaline.Describeallchemicalreactionsbygivingchemicalequations.

18.Statetheelectronconfigurationofthefollowingmetalionsbyfillingintheboxesbelow.Usearrowstorepresenttheelectronspin. Ion 3d 4sSc3+ Ti3+ Ni2+ Zn2+ 19.Identifytheproperty/propertieswhicharecharacteristicofanelementfoundinthedblockofthePeriodicTable. AAllthecompoundsoftheelementsareionic.

BTheelementsexhibitsavarietyofoxidationstatesandcoloursinitscompounds.CTheelementhasalowmeltingpoint.DTheelementisagoodconductorofheatandelectricity.

20.Identifytheoxidationnumberwhichisthemostcommonamongthefirstrowtransitionelements. A+1 B+2 C+4 D+621.Anelementhastheelectronicconfiguration1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2Whichoxidationstate(s)wouldthiselementshow? A+2and+3only B+2and+5only C+3and+5only D+2,+3,+4,and+522. (a)Statethefullelectronconfigurationofscandium(Sc) (b)StatethefullelectronconfigurationofSc3+ (c)Explainwhyscandiumisnotclassedasatransitionmetal.23.Statetheoxidationstatesshownbycalciumandchromium,andexplainthedifferenceintheirbehavior.24.Identifythespecieswhichcannotactasaligand. AH2O BCO CCH4 DCl‐

25.Conciderthereactionbelow: [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq)+4HCl(aq)→[CuCl4]2‐(aq)+6H2O(aq)+4H+(aq)

Whichofthefollowingisactingasaligand? AH+only BH+andCl‐only CH2OandCl‐only DH+,H2O,andCl‐26.Thecolourandformulaofsomecoordinatecompoundsofhydratedformsofchromium(III)chloridearelistedinthistable: Formula ColourI [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 PurpleII [Cr(H2O)6]Cl2⋅H2O Blue‐greenIII [Cr(H2O)6]Cl2⋅2H2O greenWhatarethechargesoneachofthecomplexions? I II IIIA 0 0 0B + 2+ 3+C 2+ 3+ +D 3+ 2+ +27.Explainwhythetocobaltcomplexions[Co(H2O)6]2+and[CoCl4]2‐aredifferentcolours.28.Studythestructureofhemebelow.Usingyournotesdeterminethefollowing;

Iron

nitrogen

(a)Whatistheoxidationstateofthecentralironion? (b)Whatisthegeometryofthenitrogenatomsaroundthecentralironion?

(c)Explainwhythecomplexisideallysuitedtocarryoxygenaroundthebody.

29.Namethecatalystineachofthefollowingprocesses: (a)Thehydrogenationofvegetableoilstoformmargarine: R1—CH=CH—R2+H2→R1—CH2—CH2—R2 (b)ThemanufactureofsulfuricacidintheContactprocess. (c)Theremovalofcarbonandnitrogenmonoxidefromexhaustemissions.30. (a)Distinguishbetweenhomogeneousandheterogeneouscatalysis.

(b)Explainwhythetransitionmetalsmakeeffectiveheterogeneouscatalysts.(c)Explainwhyheterogeneouscatalystsaregenerallyusedinindustrialprocesses.

ExtraQuestions:31.List5physicalpropertiesofthetransitionmetals.32.List4chemicalpropertiesofthetransitionmetals.33.ExplainwhythemeltingpointsdecreaseasyougodownGroup1,butincreaseasyougodownGroup7.34.Howmanyvalenceelectronsareintheoutershellofiodine?35.Describeandexplainthetrendinradiiofthefollowingions: O2‐,F‐,Ne,Na+,andMg2+.