topic 2 lecture slides_3slides

7/25/2019 Topic 2 Lecture Slides_3slides

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Personality

&Values

Topic 21

Learning ObjectivesOn completing this weeks topic, you should: Define personality, describe how it is measured

and explain the factors that determine individualpersonality

Discuss and apply the Myers-Briggs Type Indicatorpersonality framework

Identify and discuss the key traits in the Big FivePersonality Model

Understand how different personality traits caninfluence the way a person performs at work

Apply theories of personality to organisationalexamples to understand how people react toworkplace situations differently

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Learning Objectives (continued)

On completing this weeks topic, you should:

Understand the definition of values and

explore how individual values are developed Explain how individual values affect the

way we approach work

Compare generational differences in valuesand identify the dominant values in todaysworkforce

Identify and discuss Hofstedes five valuedimensions of national culture

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Textbook:Chapter 4

Essential Reading:

Abbott, G.N., White, F.A. & Charles, M.A. (2005).Linking values and organizational commitment: A

correlational and experimental investigation in two

organizations.Journal of Occupational and

Organizational Psychology, 78, pp. 531-551.

Amos, E.A. & Wheathington, B.L. (2008). An analysis

of the relation between employee-organization value

congruence and employee attitudes. The Journal ofPsychology, 142(6), pp. 615-631.

Reading for this week

Recommended Reading: Erickson, T.J. (2009). Gen Y in the workforce. How I learned

to love millennials (and stop worrying about what they were

doing with their iPhones). Harvard Business Review,

February, pp. 43-49.

Tolbize, A. (2008). Generational differences in the

workplace. Research & Training Centre on Community Living

(August). Minnesota, USA: University of Minnesota

Van Vuuren, M., Veldkamp, B.P., De Jong, M.D.T. & Seydel,

E.R. (2008). Why work? Aligning foci and dimensions ofcommitment along the axes of the competing values

framework. Personnel Review, 37(1), pp. 47-65.

Reading for this week

The individual level of OB

Individual behaviour:

PersonalityValues

Perceptions & Learning Styles

Emotions

Attitudes

Job satisfaction

Organisational commitment

Stress

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PersonalityPersonality is:

The sum total of ways in which an

individual reactsto and interactswithothers(Robbins & Judge, 2012, p. 167)

The relatively enduring pattern of

thoughts, emotions and behaviours thatcharacterisea person... (McShaneet.al, 2010, p. 50)

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Temperament vs. Personality

Temperament=geneticallydetermined traits of a person

Your typical traits

Persona = what you project to theoutside world i.e. how you want

others to see you

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Personality determinants

Hereditary biological, physiological

and psychological characteristicsEnvironment shaped by life

experiences

Situation displays of personality

dependant upon the situation

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Personality dimensions What shapes our personality?

Self concept knowledge, assumptions andfeelings about ourselves

Many identities, both private and public Made up of hereditary, environment and context

Humans have capacity to judge ourselves asinadequate

Self esteem the degree of like/dislike we havefor ourselves Different across sex up until around 40

High SE linked to risk taking, creativity, ability tosucceed and adjustment to change

Low SE linked to stress, depression, people-pleasing

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Locus of control:

Degree to which we feel we are in charge

of our fate

Self-efficacy:

Belief in own ability

Self-monitoring:

Ability to change our behaviour accordingto the context we are in

Personality dimensions What shapes our personality?

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Personality dimensionsOther aspects include:

Narcissism

Extreme sense of importance

Machiavellianism

How to gain and use power

Proactive Personality people who identifyopportunities, show initiative, take action, andpersevere until meaningful change occurs.

*Also take note of the additional reading on Moodle

called The Dark Triad from Daniel Golemans

book Social Intelligence!15


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The Big-FivePersonality Model

Extroversion Agreeableness

EmotionalStability/Neuroticism

ConscientiousnessOpenness toExperience

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The five factors appear in almost all cross-cultural

studies.

Generally, the findings corroborate what has been

found in U.S. research

Of the Big Five traits, conscientiousness is the bestpredictor of job performance.

Most widely used instrument in the world.

Participants are classified on four axes to determine

one of 16 possible personality types, such as ENTJ.

Extroverted(E)

Introverted(I)

Sensing(S)

Intuitive(N)

Thinking(T)

Feeling(F)

Judging(J)

Perceiving(P)

Flexible andSpontaneous

Sociable

andAssertive

Quiet andShy

Unconscious

Processes

Uses Values& Emotions

Practical

andOrderly

Use Reason

and Logic

Want Order

& Structure

Style of

Decision Making

Preference for

Decision Making

Preference for

Gathering Data

Judgmental (J) controlled

Perceptive (P) - flexible

Thinking (T) detachment

Feeling (F) affect on others

Introvert (I)

Extrovert (E)

Intuitive (N) subjective data

Sensing (S) - factual data

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Social

Interaction

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Class ExerciseHow do you feel about some or all of

the following issues?

The death penalty

Abortion

Animal testing

Religious war

Gay marriage22

ValuesValues= stable, long-lasting, evaluative

beliefs that guide our preferences, decisionsand actions Define right or wrong, good or bad

Foundation of attitudes, motivations, andperceptions

Tend to be derived from: Mindset

Socialisation and conditioning (domestication)

Family

Religious beliefs

Friends/peers Education

Life experiences

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Types of valuesWithin individuals = personal values

When groups of people hold similar values

= shared valuesWhen shared by people throughout an

organisation = organisational values

When shared by a society = cultural values

Distinguish between:

Espoused values= values we say we use andin many cases think we use

Enacted values= values we actually rely onto guide our decisions and actions

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Discussion PointWhat are some of the differences in values

you can see between your generation and

the generation of your parents?Why do you think these values might be

different?

Examples ofgenerational workplace values

Veterans/Traditional/Silent generation: Born 1922-1943

Entered workforce 1946-1964

Approximate current age = mid-70s to mid-80s mostare retired

Influenced by the Great Depression & World War II

Loyal to employer; dedicated to their work

Respectful of authority

Strong work ethic, driven, detail oriented

Hardworking, conservative, disciplined

Risk-averse Prefer to make decisions based on what

worked in the past

Value a comfortable life & family


Baby Boomers:

Born 1943-1965 Entered workforce 1965-1985

Approximate current age = mid-50s to mid-60s Born after World War II

Hippie ethic & distrust of authority

Equates work with self-worth, contribution & personalfulfillment

Hardworking started the workaholic trend

Pragmatists who believe the ends can justify the means

Value achievement & material success

Value a sense of accomplishment & social recognition

Believe in teamwork, collaboration & group decision-making


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Generation X/Baby Bust/MTV generation:

Born 1968-1980

Entered workforce 1985-2000

Approximate current age = mid-30s to mid-40s Children of older boomers; grew up in a period of financial, familial &

societal insecurity

Shaped by globalisation; 2-career parents/divorced parents; MTV;HIV/Aids & computers

More independent, autonomous & self-reliant than other generations

Want opportunities to advance

Work for an organisation with good reputation; sceptical of authority

Enjoy team-orientated work

Want work flexibility but not willing to sacrificepersonal time; value work-life balance

Value continuous learning & skills development

Value family & relationships


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Generation Y/Millennials/Nexters/Internet/Digitalgeneration:

Born 1981-2002

Entered workforce 2000-present

Approximate current age = early-20s to early-30s

Non-nuclear family; searching for identity

Shaped by computes & dramatic technological advances

Most highly educated generation; goals of becoming rich & famous

Higher levels of job turnover than Gen X

Questioning, electronically networked & entrepreneurial

At ease with diversity

Tend to take technology for granted; multi-taskers

Less likely to respond to command & control type management

High expectations of their employers

Would like immediate responsibility & regular feedback

Value CongruenceWhere 2 or more entities have similar

value systems

Problems with incongruence:

Incompatible decisions

Lower satisfaction, commitment, motivation

Increased stress and turnover

Benefits of (some) incongruence:

Differences can lead to better decisionmaking and problem solving

Prevents corporate cults

Culture reflective of different values

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Hollands Theory of Personality-Job Fit

Type Personality Occupations

Realistic

Investigative

Social

Conventional

Enterprising

Artistic

Shy, Stable, Practical

Analytical, Independent

Sociable, Cooperative

Practical, Efficient

Ambitious, Energetic

Imaginative, Idealistic

Mechanic, Farmer,Assembly-Line Worker

Biologist, Economist,Mathematician

Social Worker,Teacher, Counselor

Accountant, Manager,Bank Teller

Lawyer, Salesperson

Painter, Writer,Musician

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Person-Organization Fit

People high on extraversion fit well with aggressive andteam-oriented cultures.

People high on agreeableness match up better with asupportive organizational climate than one focused onaggressiveness.

People high on openness to experience fit better inorganizations that emphasize innovation rather thanstandardization.

Hofstedes Cultural Framework

Hofstedes framework

Individualism vs.collectivism

Power distance

Uncertaintyavoidance

Quantity vs.Quality of life

Timeorientation

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So can personality make

someone happy at work and

committed to the

organization?

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HomeworkRead about the Big 5 Factor Model

Write a reflection on the value of the Big 5

Factor Model. Consider how it can be used to

inform decisions about recruitment & selectionof employees & the selection of members of a

work team. Highlight which of the 5 personality

traits you think employers value most.

Write a reflection on what you value

most in life

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Homework (Continued)

Complete the Self-Image Inventory to

determine how you think & feel aboutyourself

If you have not been allocated to a

presentation team for the team tutorial

activity ensure that you sign up for a

team this week

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