tools of the trade pictures and notes to be used in lab
TRANSCRIPT
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Tools of the trade
Pictures and Notes to be used in lab
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Test tubes
• Used as a container for small experiments with chemicals in any state of matter
• Can be heated and capped with a rubber stopper
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Test Tube Rack
• test tube rack holds test tubes so that they do not break and their contents do not spill.
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Test Tube Holder
• A test tube holder is useful for holding a test tube which is too hot to handle.
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Test Tube Brush
• Used to clean test tubes after use
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Watch Glass
• A watch glass is used to hold a small amount of solid, such as the product of a reaction
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Digital Scale
• Used to obtain the mass of small objects to the nearest tenth or hundredth of a gram
• Placing heavy objects or pushing down on the digital scales in this class will permanently damage them, so DO NOT DO IT
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Spatula (scoopula)
• A scoopula is used to transfer solids. It is often used to transfer solids from a container into a weighing vessel.
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Weighing Paper (boat)
• Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel.
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Erlenmeyer Flask
• Erlenmeyer flasks hold solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated.
• The top of a flask can be capped by a rubber stopper
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Buret (Eye Dropper)
• A medicine dropper is used to transfer a small volume of liquid (less than one mL).
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Magnetic Stirrer and stir bar• A magnetic stirrer is
usually a separate feature of a hot plate.
• A stirbar is used with a magnetic stirring plate to continuously stir solutions.
• If the liquid should be stirred while it is being heated, the vessel should contain a magnetic stir bar
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Pipette
• A Mohr pipet measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids.
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Pipette Bulb
• A pipette bulb is used with a Mohr pipette to draw solution into the pipette.
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Wash Bottle
• A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a wash solution to a specific area. Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle.
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Filter Paper• The picture shows a piece
of filter paper in a funnel. • A coarse grade of paper
will allow the liquid to flow through the paper faster, but it may allow small solid particles to pass through.
• A finer grade of paper will filter smaller solid particles, but it causes liquid to flow more slowly and its pores may easily become clogged.
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Funnel
• A funnel is used to aid in the transfer liquid from one vessel to another.
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600 ml Beaker• Beakers hold solids or
liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated.
• 600 ml and 1000 ml are the most common large beaker sizes; used primarily as the container where chemicals are mixed and/or heated
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Hot plate
• Place the vessel containing the liquid to be heated on the plate.
• Turn on the hotplate using the heating control knob.
• The red light flashes to indicate the heat setting.
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Boiling Stones• Beads made from glass
or other non reactive material.
• Highly resistant to attack by most cold liquids, hot liquids, and vapors that may interact with magnetic stirring rods
• Beads are durable and will not disintegrate or affect delicate compounds like a glass stirring rod.
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Stirring Rod
• A glass rod is used to manually stir solutions. It can also be used to transfer a single drop of a solution.
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250 ml Beaker• Beakers hold solids or
liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated.
• 250 ml and 100 ml are the most common small beaker sizes; used primarily as the container where chemicals are mixed or stored for later use
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Clamps
• Device that attaches object to a metal stand
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Crucible
• Used to hold chemicals.• The crucible is then
place on a triangle with a bunsen burner put directly underneath.
• Crucibles used for melting heated objects
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Triangle
• Device placed on top of o-ring.
• Object to be heated placed on top of triangle (such as a crucible)
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Tongs• Generic (pinch) • Device used to grab
objects that might be dangerous to hold with hands
• Pictures show a generic (pinch) tong, a crucible tong and a beaker tong
• Be able to explain the reason each is shaped different .
Beaker Tong
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Beaker Tongs
• Meant to firmly grip a beaker
• Ends do not come together, therefore not able to clamp on to or pick up small objects
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Thermometer
• A thermometer is used to measure temperatures. It should always be stored in its plastic case to help prevent breakage.
• The thermometers used in labs contain alcohol, not mercury
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100 ml Graduated Cylinder
• A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids.
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10 ml Graduated Cylinder
• A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids.
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pH (litmus) Paper
• Paper that is dipped into a solution to determine whether it is acidic or basic
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Rubber or plastic tubing
• Used to connect the gas outlet to the Bunsen burner
• Used to drain fluids out of a container
• Used to transport gas between 2 containers
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Bunsen Burner• Methane (CH4) gas is fed
into the burner through the gas inlet.
• The gas control needle valve controls the rate at which methane enters the burner.
• The rate at which air enters the burner is adjusted with the air control vent.
• Methane and oxygen mix in the burner tube and, when ignited, produce a flame.
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Striker• Strikers are used to start
Bunsen burners. The striker itself is constructed with a rough surface positioned opposite to a piece of flint.
• When the arm of the striker containing the flint is pushed back and forth over the rough surface sparks are produced.
• These sparks when created in the presence of a flammable gas such as natural gas will start a fire or for our purposes a Bunsen burner.
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Wire Gauze• Glassware should not be
heated with a direct flame. • Wire gauze, when placed
between glassware and a heat source, diffuses the heat somewhat and is therefore safer than a direct flame.
• Wire gauze works best when the glassware has a flat bottom (e.g., beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks) or partially flat bottom (e.g., Florence flasks).
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Ring Stand
• Ring stands are used to hold glassware in place during an experimental procedure.
• Clamps connect equipment to stand
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2-1000 g mass
Used to:a. measure the
mass of an objectb. to provide a
counterweight in an experiment
c. to act as an object in an experiment.
d. Come in many shapes and amounts
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Distilled Water
• Distilled water is made from steam that is cooled and collected.
• It is supposed to be free of any salts (minerals).
• You use these to rinse off glassware so there are no mineral spots.
• It is also used where you want pure water.
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Is Drinking Distilled water dangerous?
Not really, but prolonged usage will leach vital minerals and vitamins
from the body.