tomorrow’s technology and you 9/e chapter 5 productivity applications slide 1
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Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e
Chapter 5Productivity Applications
Slide 1
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5Objectives
Describe how word processing and desktop publishing software have revolutionized writing and publishing
Discuss the potential impact of desktop publishing and Web publishing on the concept of freedom of the press
Speculate about future developments in word processing and digital publishing
Slide 2Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Objectives (continued)
Describe the basic functions and applications of spreadsheets and other types of statistical and simulation programs
Explain how computers can be used to answer what-if questions
Explain how computers are used as tools for simulating mechanical, biological, and social systems
Slide 3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Doug Engelbart Explores Hyperspace
Doug Engelbart One of the pioneers of the computer hardware and
software In 1968, he demonstrated his Augment system:
Mouse Video display editing Mixed text and graphics, windowing Outlining Shared-screen video conferencing Computer conferencing Groupware Hypermedia
Slide 4 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Word processing tools and techniques Entering text Editing text Formatting the document Proofreading the document Saving the document Printing the document
WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get
Slide 5 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Word processing tools and techniques (cont.) Entering text
Text is displayed on the screen and stored in the computer’s RAM.
Save your work periodically because RAM is not permanent memory.
Editing text Navigate to different parts of a document. Insert or delete text at any point. Move and copy text. Search and replace words or phrases.
Slide 6 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Font Technology Formatting characters
Characters are measured by point size (one point = 1/72 inch).
A font is a size and style of typeface.Serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at the ends of
each character.You can use mono-spaced fonts and
proportionally spaced fonts.
Slide 7
A
20 pts
A40 pts
80 pts120 pts
A A A200 pts
Bradley Hand ITC Arial
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Word processing tools and techniques (cont.) Margin settingsLine spacingIndentsTabs Justification
LeftRightJustifyCenter
Slide 8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Word processing tools and techniques (cont.)
Advanced formatting features Stylesheets Headers and footers Multiple variable-width columns Multicolumn tables Graphics Automatic editing features Hidden comments Table of contents and indexes Coaching and help features
(sometimes called wizards) Conversion to HTML for Web
publishing Record and reuse macros
Slide 9 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Outliners and idea processors Arranging information
into levels Rearranging ideas and
levels Hiding and revealing
levels of detail as needed
Slide 10 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Digital references Dictionaries, quotation
books, encyclopedias, atlases, almanacs, and other references are now available in digital form.
The biggest advantage of the electronic form is speed.
The biggest drawback is that quick and easy copying might tempt writers to plagiarize.
Slide 11 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Digital references (cont.) Synonym finders
A computerized thesaurus can provide instantaneous feedback for synonyms.
Slide 12 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Spelling checkers Compare words in your
document with words in a disk-based dictionary Words might be
flagged, but you make the decision to ignore or change the spelling.
Slide 13 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow's Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Grammar and style checkers Analyze each word in
context, checking for errors of content
Check spelling Point out possible
errors and suggest improvements
Analyze prose complexity using measurements such as sentence length and paragraph length
Slide 14 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Form letter generators Mail merge capabilities produce personalized form letters.
Create a database with names Create a form letter Merge the database with the form letter to create a
personalized letter You can incorporate custom paragraphs based on the recipient’s
personal data. Each letter looks as if it were individually written
Slide 15 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Wordsmith’s Toolbox
Collaborative writing tools Groupware: software designed to be used by a
workgroup Provides for collaborative writing
and editingTracks changes and identifies them by the originator’s
nameCompares document versions and highlights
differences in documents
Slide 16 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Emerging Word Tools
Processing handwritten words Diversity in handwriting makes it difficult
Processing words with speech Speech recognition software
Intelligent word processing software Word processors that are able to
anticipate the writer’s needs
Slide 17 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
Rules of thumb: creating professional-looking documents
Use the Return or Enter key only when you must Wordwrap moves text to the next line
Use tabs and margin guides, not the Spacebar, to align columns WYSIWYG is a matter of degree Text that looks perfectly aligned
on-screen may not line up on paper.
Slide 18 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
Rules of thumb: Creating Professional-Looking Documents (cont.) Don’t underline
Use italics and boldface for emphasis; italicize book and journal titles
Use only one space after a periodProportionally spaced fonts look better without double
spaces.
Take advantage of special charactersBullets (•), em dashes (—), and curly or smart quotes
(“ ”) make your work look more professional.
Slide 19 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
What is desktop publishing?
The process of producing a book, magazine, or other publication includes several steps:
Writing text
Editing text
Slide 20 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
What is desktop publishing? (cont.)
Producing drawings, photographs, and other graphics to accompany the text
Designing a basic format for the publication
Typesetting text
Arranging text and graphics on pages
Typesetting and printing pages
Binding pages into a finished publication
Slide 21 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
What is desktop publishing? (cont.)
With modern DTP (desktop publishing technology), the production process can be accomplished with sophisticated tools that are affordable and easy to use.
A desktop publishing system generally includes: One or more Macs or PCs A scanner and/or digital camera
• Transforms photographs and hand-drawn images into computer-readable documents
A high-resolution printer Software (see next slide)
Slide 22 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
What is desktop publishing? (cont.) Desktop publishing software:
Image-editing software Page-layout software combines the various source
documents into a coherent, visually appealing publication• QuarkXpress• Publisher• PageMaker• InDesign
Slide 23 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Desktop Publishing Story
Why desktop publishing? Saves money Saves time Can reduce the number of publication errors Offers new hope for every individual’s right to
publish
Slide 24 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Beyond the Printed Page
Paperless publishing and the Web A common prediction is that desktop publishing—and paper
publishing in general—will be replaced by paperless electronic media.
Electronic books and digital paper The electronic book, or ebook, is a handheld device that
can contain anything from today’s top news stories to lengthy novels.
Digital paper, or epaper, is a flexible, portable, paper-like material that can dynamically display black-and-white text and images on its surface.
Slide 25 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
The malleable matrix The spreadsheet consists of:
Cells (the intersection of a row and column)
Addresses (column letter and row number, e.g., A1, C12)
Slide 26 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
The malleable matrix (cont.) Spreadsheets can contain:
Values, such as numbers and dates
Labels, such as column andreport headings, that explain what the values mean
Slide 27 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Screen Test: Creating a Worksheet with Microsoft Excel Formulas can be used to calculate
Spreadsheets offer many automatic features such as replication of data
Create charts from the data in your spreadsheet
Slide 28 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
The malleable matrix (cont.) Formulas can be:
Relative, so they refer to different cells when they are copied
Absolute, so the formula references never change when they are copied
Slide 30 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
The malleable matrix (cont.) Lists can be created for organizing basic information
Automatic replication of values, labels, and formulas
Similar to copy and paste function of word processors
Slide 31 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
The malleable matrix (cont.)
Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) automate complex calculations.
Macros store keystrokes and commands so they can be played back automatically.
Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and formulas already entered.
Slide 32 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Slide 33
The malleable matrix (cont.) Linking spreadsheets together
When the values change in one spreadsheet, the data is automatically updated in all linked spreadsheets.
Database capabilities Search for information Sort the data by a specific criteria Merge the data with a word processor Generate reports
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Rules of thumb: avoiding spreadsheet pitfalls Plan the worksheet before you start entering values and
formulas Make your assumptions as accurate as possible Double-check every formula and value
Slide 34 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Rules of Thumb (cont.)
Make formulas readable Check your output against other systems Build in cross-checks Change the input data values and study the results Take advantage of preprogrammed functions, templates,
and macros Use a spreadsheet as a decision-making aid, not as a
decision maker
Slide 35 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
“What If?” questions Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers and instantly
see the effects of those changes.“What if I enter this value?”“What if I don’t complete the third lab? Can I still get an
A?” Equation solvers
Some spreadsheets generate data needed to fit a given equation and target value.
Slide 36 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Spreadsheet graphics: from digits to drawings
Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data.Pie charts show proportions relative to the whole.Line charts show trends or relationships over time.
Slide 37 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Spreadsheet graphics: from digits to drawings (cont.)
Use bar charts if data falls into a few categories
Use scatter charts to discover, rather than to display, a relationship between two variables
Slide 38 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation
Rules of thumb: Ending spreadsheet errors Choose the right chart for the job
What’s your message? Pie charts, bar charts, line charts,
and scatter charts are not interchangeable
Keep it simple, familiar, and understandable
Use charts in magazines, books, and newspapers as models
Strive to reveal the truth, not hide it Relate to the rest of the document
Slide 39 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Money managers Accounting and Financial
Management software allows you to electronically handle routine transactions such as:
Writing checksBalancing accountsCreating budgetsUsing online banking
services Preparing taxes
Slide 40 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Automatic mathematics Mathematics processing
softwareSoftware turns abstract
mathematical relationships into visual objects
Generally, they include an interactive, wizard-like question-and-answer mode, a programming language, and tools for creating interactive documents that combine text, numerical expressions, and graphics.
Slide 41 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Statistics and data analysis Statistical and data analysis software
Collects and analyzes data that tests the strength of data relationships
Can produce graphs showing how two or more variables relate to each other
Can often uncover trends by browsing through two- and three-dimensional graphs of data, looking for unusual patterns in the dots and lines that appear on the screen
Slide 42 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets
Scientific visualization Scientific visualization
software uses shape, location in space, color, brightness, and motion to help us visualize data.
Visualization helps researchers see relationships that might have been obscure or even impossible to grasp without computer-aided visualization tools.
Slide 43 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 44
Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes.
Examples of popular computer models: Games (chess boards, sports arenas, and
mythological societies) Models of organisms, objects, and
organizations Flight simulators and simulations of science
lab activities Business, city, or nation management
simulations
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 45
Computer simulations: the rewards Computer simulations are widely
used. There are many reasons:
Safety Economy Projection Visualization Replication
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 46
Computer simulations: the risk GIGO revisited
The accuracy of a simulation depends on how closely its mathematical model corresponds to the system being simulated.
Some models suffer from faulty assumptions.Some models contain hidden assumptions that may not
even be obvious to their creators.Some models go astray simply because of clerical or human
errors.Still, garbage in, garbage out is a basic rule of
simulation.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 47
Computer simulations: the risk (cont.) Making reality fit the machine
Some simulations are so complex that researchers need to simplify models and streamline calculations to get them to run on the best hardware available
Sometimes this simplification of reality is deliberate; more often it’s unconscious
Either way, information can be lost, and the loss may compromise the integrity of the simulation and call the results into question
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 48
Computer simulations: the risk (cont.) The illusion of infallibility
A computer simulation, whether generated by a PC spreadsheet or churned out by a supercomputer, can be an invaluable decision-making aid
The risk is that the people who make decisions with computers will turn over too much of their decision-making power to the computer
Risks can be magnified because people take computers seriously
“Trust your feelings.” Jedi Master in Star
Wars
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 49
Inventing the future: truly intelligent agents Future user interfaces will be based on agents rather than
on tools Agents are software programs designed to be managed rather
than manipulated An intelligent software agent can:
Ask questions as well as respond to commandsPay attention to its user’s work patternsServe as a guide and a coachTake on its owner’s goalsUse reasoning to fabricate goals of its own
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 50
Inventing the future: truly intelligent agents (cont.)
Tomorrow’s agents will be better able to compete with human assistants
Future agents may possess a degree of sensitivity
A well-trained software agent in the future might accomplish these tasks: Remind you that it’s time to get the tires rotated on your car and
make an appointment for the rotation Distribute notes to the other members of your study group or work
group and tell you which members opened those notes
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation
Slide 51
Inventing the future: truly intelligent agents (cont.)
Keep you posted on new articles on subjects that interest you and know enough about those subjects to be selective without being rigid
Manage your appointments and keep track of your communications
Teach you new applications and answer reference questions
Defend your system and your home from viruses, intruders, and other security breaches
Help protect your privacy on and off the Net
I don’t want to sit and move stuff around on my screen all day and look at figures and have it recognize my gestures and listen to my voice. I want to tell it what to do and then go away; I don’t want to babysit this computer. I want it to act for me, not with me.—Esther Dyson,
computer industry analyst and publisher
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Lesson Summary
Even though the computer was designed to work with numbers, it can be an important tool for working with words as well.
Word processing software enables you to use commands to edit text on screen, without having to retype messages.
Outlining software, spell checkers, and online references can be very helpful.
Desktop publishing produces professional-quality text-and-graphics documents.
Spreadsheets can be used for tracking, calculating, forecasting, and almost any other task that involves repetitive numeric calculations. Most spreadsheet programs have charting capabilities.
Slide 52 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5
Lesson Summary (cont.)
Specialized software allows you to perform accounting tasks, tax preparation, and a variety of business functions without the aid of spreadsheets.
Symbolic mathematic and statistical-analysis software can help present data in meaningful ways.
Scientific visualization software can help us understand relationships that are invisible to the naked eye.
Computer modeling and simulation can be powerful tools for understanding the world and making better decisions.
Slide 53 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall