Cumulative review exercise for comparatives

Comparison

1. EQUALITIVE: IS USED IN COMPARISON OF A SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTIC, BIG, CHEAP, CLEAR, COLD, EASY, HARD, LIGHT, LITTLE. . .

NounVerbAsAdjectiveAsNoun

Marys JobIs As HardAsBills

The meat at the supermarketIs notAs ExpensiveAsThat at a butcher shop

2. COMPARATIVEA/ Short adjectives, one-syllable adjectives form the comparative by using er after the form. Two syllable adjectives which end in y form the coparative by changing the y to i and adding er

Example: the bill which we received was highter than the estimates

Ellen has been happier lately than she was when she was first came

The climate here iw milder than that of New England

B/ Long adjectives; two and more than two-syllable adjectives form the comparative by using more or less before the adjective form

Example:

This room is more spacious than the other one

The books for my engineering course more expensive than thoes for my other courses

The diesel engine that runs on oil is more efficient than most other engines

Irregular adjectives

AdjectivesComparativeSuperlative

BadWorseThe worst

GoodBetterThe best

FarFarther/furtherThe farthest/furthest

LittleLessThe least

ManyMoreThe most

Much MoreThe most

Example:

This ice-cream is better than the other brands

The lad is farther/further from the bus stop than the library

Please give me more sugar than you did last time

This composition is worse than your last one

3. SUPERLATIVE: ARE USED TO COMPARE MORE THAN TWO THINGS OR PEOPLE

A/ Short adjectives: form by using the before adjective forms and adding est after adjectives

Example:

Shes the prettest of all of the girls in our class

Of all of the candidats, Alex is probably the leat qualified

B/ Long adjectives: form by using the most before adjectives forms

Example:

New York is the most populous city of all American cities

In my opionion, the most beautifule place in the North of Vietnam is Ha Long Bay

Although there are a number of interesting findings, the most significant results are in the abstract

4. EXACT SIMILARITY: THE SAME AS AND THE SAME

The same as and the same have the same meaning, but the same as is used between the two nouns compared, and the same is used after the two nouns or a plural noun

Examples:

This coat is the same as that one

That car is almost the same as mine

The teacher gave Martha a failing grade one composition because it was the same as a composition he had read

This coat and that one are the same

My briefcase and yours are exactly the same

These coats are the same

5. GENERAL SIMILARITY: SIMILAR TO AND SIMILAR, LIKE AND ALIKESimilar to and similar have the same meaning, but similar to is used between the two nouns compared and similar is used after the two nouns or a plural noun

NounVerbSimilar toNoun

This restaurantIs Similar toThat one

NounAndNounVerbsimilar

All of the other departmentsAnd This oneAre similar

NounVerbsimilar

These housesAresimilar

LIKE AND ALIKE

Your recipe for chicken and recipe that my mother has are alike

Your recipe for chicken is like a recipe that my mother has

The weather feels like spring

Mary and her sister dont look alike

6. SPECIFIC SIMILARITY: QUALITY NOUNS

A/ Quality nouns: is used in comparisons of a specific characteristic: age, color, height, length, price, size, stype, weight

NounVerbThe sameNoun-qualityAsNoun

She Is The sameAgeAsMy mother

This oneIsnt The sameSizeAs The rest one

Please Cut my hairThe same StyleAs In this magazine

7. GENERAL DIFERENCE: DIFFERENCE FROM, DIFFERENT, TO DIFER FROM

Different from and different have the same meaning, but different from is used between the two nouns compared, and different is used after two nouns or a plural

NounAndNounVerbdirrerent

Time magazine And New YorkAre Different in several ways

NounVerbDifferent

These apartment AreQuite different

Long distance telephone rates for day time hours Are Different from rates for night time

The watch in the window and this one Is a little Different

NounDiffer fromNoun

Sharoon Differ fromOther women I know

The campus at State UniversityDiffer fromThat of City College

8. COMPARATIVE ESTIMATES-MULTIPLE NUMBERS, MORE THAN AND LESS THAN, AS MANY ASA/ Multiple numbers: half, twice, three times. . .

S+VMultipleAsMuch/manyAsNoun or S + V

Example:

Fresh fruit cost twice as much as canned fruit

This one is prettier, but it costs twice as much as the other one

The rent at College Apartment is only half as much as you pay here

The price was very reasonable, I would gladly have paid three times as much as he asked

S+VMore than/less thanNumbernoun

Example:

Steve has more than a thousand coins in his collection

Andy has less than a dozen coins in his pocket

More than one hundred people came to the meeting

There are more than fifty students in the lab, but only two computers

9. DOUBLE COMPARATIVES:

When two comparatives are used together, the first comparative expresses cause and the second expresses result. A comparative is more or less with and adjective, or and adjective with er

The + comparative + subject + verb, the + comparative + subject + verb

Example:

The more you study during the semester, the less you have to study the week before exams

The faster we finish, the sooner we can leave

The less one earns, the less one must pay in income tax

Cumulative review exercise for comparatives

Part A1. One object will not be the same weight than another object because the gravitational attraction differs from place to place on the earths surface.

2. An identical twin is always the same sex his or her twin because they develop from the same zygote

3. We finished the test more rapidly of all

4. As many 100 billion stars are in the Milky Way

5. The valuablest information we currently have on the ocean floor is that which was obtained by oceanographic satellites such as Seasat

6. Compared with numbers fifty years ago, there are twice more students in collage today

7. The oxygen concentration in the lungs is higher than the blood

8. Since the earth is spherical, the larger the area, the worser the distortion on a flat map

9. The eyes of an octopus are remarkably similar to that of a human being

10. The terms used in one text book may be different from another text

11. In 1980, residential utility bills were as high sixteen hundred dollars a month in New England

12. When the ratio of gear teeth is five: one, the small gear rotates five times as fast the large gear

13. Although lacking in calcium and vitamin A, grains have most carbohydrates than any other food

14. The classes at my university are very different from State University

15. The more narrow the lens diameter, the more great the depth of field

16. No fingerprint is exactly alike another

17. The English that is spoken in Canada is similar to the United States

18. There is disagreement among industrialiss as to whether the products of this decade are inferior the past

19. The time in New York differs three hours from Los Angeles

20. The period is probably the most easiest punctuation mark to use

21. When mental replaced wood in the construction of ships hulls, more strong and larger ships could be build

22. Charcoal is the most commonly used cooking fuel in the world

23. I wish we could see each other most frequently

24. Soft solder melts at a low temperature than ordinary older

25. Many of the nations most important documents are stored in the National Archives Building in Washington DC.

26. The surfboards used twenty-five years ago were more heavier than the ones used by surfers today

27. Few American politicians have spoken most eloquently William Jennings

28. Subterranean termites are the more destructive type of termites in the United States

29. Prince Edward Island is the less populous of Canadas ten provinces

30. During a depression, economic conditions are far worst than they are during a recession

31. One of the more basic American contributions to technology was the so-called American system. Of interchangeable machine parts

32. The horse chestnut has a stronger, bitter taste than other chestnuts

33. The higher the solar activity, the intense the auroras or polar light displays in the skies near the earths geomagnetic poles.

34. Chicagos Field Museum is one of the largest and better known natural history museums in the United States

35. These photographs are very good, but that one is the better of all

36. Baltimore has one of the worlds most finest natural harbors

37. The Kenedy-Nixon race of 1960 was he closest presidential election of this century

38. The louder he shouted, less he convinced everyone

39. The finback whale is the fastest of all whales, and only the blue whale is largest

40. The cello is shorter and more slender than the double bass

41. Oil floats on water because oil is less dense than water

42. The more you practice speaking, the well you will do it

43. Basketball is played at a much fast pace than baseball

44. The deep oceans contain some of the stranger of all living creatures

45. The most small vessels in the circulatory system are capillaries

46. North America is the third larger of the seven continents

47. Pikes Peak, named for explorer Zebulon Pike, is Colorados most famous but not its most highest mountain

48. Gold tapaz is much rare than either white or blue topaz

49. The more you study during the semester, the lesser you have to study the week before the exams

50. State University offers as much as two hundred major fields of study

51. The new model costs twice more than last years model

52. Even through Miss Alabama lost the beauty contest, she was still more prettier than the other girls in the Miss America pageant

53. When a patients blood pressure is much high than it should be, a doctor usually insists that he not smoke

54. The more the relative humidity reading rises, the worst the heat affects us.

55. One of the more influent newspapers in US is the New York times chlorination of water sources

56. The bridge at Niagara Falls spans the longer unguarded border in the history of the world

Part B

1. Wild strawberries are . . . . . . . . . as cultivated strawberries

A. not so sweet

B. not as sweet

C. less sweet

D. not as sweeter

2. Sea . . . . . . . . . fresh water bass

A. are larger than

B. are larger the

C. are as large

D. are large

3. Automobiles, air planes, and buses use more energy per passenger . . . . . . . . .

A. as do trains

B. than trains do

C. trains do

D. like trains

4. The larger a drop of water, . . . . . . . . . freezing temperature

A. the higher its

B. its higher

C. higher than its

D. higher of its

5. . . . . . . . . . San Diego and San Francisco, Los Angeles has no natural harbor

A. dissimilar

B. unlike

C. dislike

D. different

6. The water of the Great Salt Lake is . . . . . . . . . seawater

A. saltier than that of

B. as salty as that of

C. saltier than

D. so saltier as

7. A psychosis is a severe mental disorder, . . . . . . . . . than a neurosis

A. the most serious

B. as serious

C. more serious

D. as though serious

8. The social system of bumblebees is not as complex . . . . . . . . .

A. than honeybees

B. as honeybees

C. that honeybees are

D. as that of honeybees

9. The administration of private colleges is nearly . . . . . . . . . that of public colleges

A. same

B. just as

C. the same as

D. similar

10. . . . . . . . . .a river on land, an ocean current doesnt flow in a straightline

A. same

B. just as

C. the same as

D. similar

11. The skin temperature of humans is . . . . . . . . . their internal temperature

A. not high as

B. not so high

C. as low

D. lower than

12. A butterfly . . . . . . . . . a month in a number of ways

A. is different from

B. is different

C. the different is

D. differing from

13. . . . . . . . . . the worse I seem to feel

A. when I take more medicine

B. the more medicine I take

C. Taking more of the medicine

D. More medicine taken

14. We will have to be careful not get our suitcases mixed up because yours is almost the same . . . . . . . . . mine

A. like

B. to

C. as

D. that

15. My new glasses cost me . . . . . . . . . the last pair that I brought

A. times three

B. three times more

C. three times as much as

D. as much three time as

16. Although she is very popular, she is not . . . . . . . . . her sister

A. pretty as

B. as pretty

C. prettier than

D. more pretty than

17. This new soap is not much . . . . . . . . . the others that I have tried

A. different

B. different from

C. different than

D. different that

18. Ms Jones isnt as nice . . . . . . . . . Ms Smith

A. as

B. for

C. like

D. to

19. the rooms in Graduate Towers are . . . . . . . . . Patteson Hall

A. Larger than

B. Larger than that of

C. Larger than those in

D. Larger than in

20. The final will be . . . . . . . . . the midterm

A. alike

B. like

C. the same

D. similar

21. they are . . . . . . . . . my neighbors

A. more friendlier than

B. friendly than

C. friendlier as

D. friendlier than

22. tuition at an American university runs . . . . . . . . . six thousand dollars a semester

A. so high as

B. as high as

C. as high to

D. as high than

23. . . . . . . . . . I get to know her, the more I like her

A. for more

B. more

C. the more

D. the most

24. I would have paid . . . . . . . . . for my car if the salesmen had insisted, because I really wanted it

A. as much twice

B. much twice

C. twice as much

D. times two

25. . . . . . . . . . 1000 species of finch have been identified

A. as many a

B. as many

C. as much as

D. much as

26. The observation desk at the World Trade Center . . . . . . . . . in the New York

A. Is highest than any other one

B. Is higher than any other one

C. Is highest that any other one

D. Is higher that any one other

27. The salary of a bus driver is much higher . . . . . . . . .

A. in comparison with the salary of a teacher

B. than a teacher

C. than that of a teacher

D. to compare as a teacher

28. Frost occurs in valley and on low grounds . . . . . . . . . on adjacent hills

A. more frequently as

B. as frequently than

C. more frequently than

D. frequently than

29. Staying in a hotel costs . . . . . . . . . renting a room in a dormitory for a week

A. twice more than

B. twice as much as

C. as much twice as

D. as much at twice

30. The consistency of protoplasm and that of glue . . . . . . . . .

A. they are alike

B. are similar to

C. are similar

D. the same

31. Although exact statistics vary because of political changes, . . . . . . . . . separate nation states are included in the official lists at any one time.

A. more than two hundred

B. as much as two hundred

C. many as two hundred

D. most that two hundred

32. A dolphin . . . . . . . . . a porpoise in that it has a longer nose

A. different

B. differs

C. different than

D. differs from

33. The seed heads of teasel plants raise the nap on coarse tweed cloth . . . . . . . . . than do the machine tools invented to replace them

A. more efficiently

B. efficiently

C. more efficient

D. most efficient

Idiomatic expression and two word verb

Lesson 1

1. above all ; most importantly Quan trng nht

2. about to ; almost ready to Hu nh sn sng

3. add up ; make sense; be logical Mt cch logic

4. all at once ; suddenly; without warning t nhin, khng thng bo

5. all of a sudden ; all at one, suddenly t nhin, khng thng bo

6. as a matter of fact ; in reality, actually Thc t

7. as a rule ; generally, customarily Thng thng, nhn chung

8. at the drop of a hat ; quickly, without any preparation time Nhanh chng, khng c s chun b

9. at ease ; not nervous, calm Khng hi hp, bnh tnh

10. back out of ; withdraw an offer Tr li li mi

11. be my guest ; do what you want; feel free; help yourself T nhin nh!

12. by rusty ; need practice or review Cn luyn tp hoc xem xt

13. beats me ; I dont know, I have no idea Ti khng bit, ti khng c kin

14. better off ; in an improved condition Ci thin tnh hnh

15. bite off more than one can chew ; take on more responsibility than one can handle Lm vic g qu sc

16. bound to ; certain to; sure to Sn sng, chc chn

17. break down ; stop functioning a machine Hng

18. break in; interrupt Ct ngang, lm gin on

19. break the ice ; break through social barriers Lm tan khng kh cng thng

20. break the news ; inform; give bad news Thng bo thng l tin xu

21. break up ; end Kt thc

22. break up with ; stop being a couple Chia tay

23. a breeze ; something very simple and easy to do D

24. bring about ; cause to happen Nguyn nhn

25. bring up ; raise a child or introduce a topic Dy d

26. brush up on ; review, study, practice n tp

27. bump into ; meet unexpectedly, run into Gp g tnh c

28. by and large ; mostly, generally, on the whole Hu nh

29. by heart; by memory, learned word for word Hc thuc

30. by no means ; in no way, not at all Khng cn cch no

31. count on, bank on Tin tng vo ai

EXERCISE: fill in the blanks in the sentences or dialogs with idioms from the above list; there will be one word per blank. It may be necessary to change verb forms in order for the sentence to be grammatically correct

1. Can you talk now No, Im . . . . . . . . . . go to the grocery store, but Ill call you as soon as I get back

2. You are probably too tired to play another game of racquetball, right? Im not that tired, really . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Id enjoy another game

3. Will you support my proposal at the meeting? certainly. You can . . . . . . . . . . my support

4. I was talking to my aunt when suddenly my cousin George Ann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our conversation

5. I understand Diane lost her job. yes, but shes actually . . . . . . . . . .she found a more interesting job with higher salary

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carlos is very punctual, but she sure was late tonight.

7. My car . . . . . . . . . . last week, and I had to take the bus to work until it was repaired

8. I was taking a quiet walk last night when . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .there was a loud explosion

9. Kent is . . . . . . . . . . fail that class if he doesnt start studying

10. They . . . . . . . . . . their children to be honest

11. There were a few things I didnt like about Professor Wongs class, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I enjoyed it

12. I think Matthew was cheating on that quiz that doesnt . . . . . . . . . .why should the best student in the class cheat?

13. Can I have another sandwich? sure, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I made plenty

14. Actors and actresses must know their lines . . . . . . . . . .

15. If you dont want to talk about this problem, why did you . . . . . it . . . . .?

16. Many accidents are . . . . . . . . . . by carelessness

17. Their team won the game, but they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dominated it. It was a very close game

18. What a boring party. No one is talking to one another May be we should put on some music and start dancing. That might . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19. Have you studied Spanish before? yes, but its been years since I took a Spanish class, so Ill need to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .it before I go to Venezuela

20. youre taking five classes this term? yes, and Im having trouble getting caught up. Im afraid I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . this time

21. Youre all packed and ready to go, I see. I could leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22. Do you know what the name of this street is? . . . . . . . . . . this is the first time Ive ever been in this town

23. Hows that biology class youre taking? so far, its been . . . . . . . . . . Weve just been going over things I studied last semester

24. What time did the pardy . . . . . . . . . . last nigh? I dont know. It was still going on when I went home

25. I was awfully nervous when I gave that speech. really? You hid it well. I thought you were completely . . . . . . . . . .

Lesson 2

1. Call it a day ; stop working for the day, go home Ngh

2. Call off ; cancel Hu

3. Call on ; visit Thm, ving

4. Calm down ; relax Bnh tnh, th gin

5. Care for; take care of; feel affection for Chm sc cho

6. Catch on to ; understand, learn Hiu

7. Catch up with ; go as fast as, catch Bt kp

8. Check out of ; leave a hotel; take material from library Ri khi khch sn

9. Check into; to register Lm th tc

10. Cheer up ; become cheerful, be happy Vui v ln, hng hi ln, phn khi

11. Chip in ; contribute ng gp

12. Clear up ; clarify, make understandable, become nice to agree with Lm cho r rng, lm cho sng t

13. Come across ; find, meet, encounter Tm, gp g

14. Come round to ; begin to change ones opinion, begin to agree with Thay i kin ai

15. Come down with ; become sick with Chn ngy vi

16. Come up with ; think of Ngh v

17. Cost an arm and a leg ; be very expensive Rt t

18. Count on ; depend on, rely on, bank on Ph thuc vo, tin tng vo

19. Count out ; eliminate, no longer consider as a factor Kt thc

20. Cut off ; stop, discontinue Dng

21. Cut out for ; have an aptitude for C kh nng lm vic g

EXERCISE: Fill in the blanks in the sentence or dialogue with idiom from the above list. There will be one word per blank. It may be necessary to change the verb form in order for the sentence to be grammatically correct.

1. The reception in the garden was . . . . . . . . . . because of a thunderstorm

2. Dont get so excited just . . . . . . . . . . and tell us what happened

3. I was looking up some information in the almanac when I . . . . . . . . . . an interesting fact

4. I can . . . . . . . . . . my car. Its very dependable and never breaks down

5. How did you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . such a strange idea?

6. I arrived in town last nigh at seven thirty and . . . . . . . . . . my hotel room at around eight. This morning I plan to . . . . . . . . . . at about nine

7. Did you rent this videotape? no, I . . . . . it . . . . . . . . . . the library

8. You looked tired. Why dont we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and finish up tomorrow?

9. It wont be too expensive to buy? Professor Mc Millen a present if we all . . . . . . . . . . his electricity

10. I dont understand this theorem at all. talk to professor Adler. Ill best she can . . . . . . . . . . your confusion

11. If Arthur doesnt pay his electric bill soon, the utilities company might . . . . . . . . . . his electricity

12. Who . . . . . . . . . . your cat while you were out of town?

13. A good stereo system doesnt have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you can find one for a reasonable price

14. Cauliflower isnt my favorite vegetable. In fact, I dont . . . . . . . . . . it at all

15. Im depressed. I didnt do very well on this quiz . . . . . . . . . . that quiz only counted for 10 percent of the total grade. And I am sure youll do better on the other tests

16. How did Eric do in the cross-country ski race? he got off to a bad start, and so he nerver . . . . . . . . . . the leading skiers

17. Why did Brenda drop out of business school? she decided she wasnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a career in business. She is going to study art instead

18. this song wasnt very popular when it was first recorded but now its starting to . . . . . . . . . .

19. Your room-mate is still planning to vote for Smithson for president of the Student Council? yes, but Im going to keep talking to him. I think eventually hell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . our point of view and vote for Brannigan

20. that saleswomen . . . . . . . . . . her clients at least once a month because she thinks personal contact is important

21. Is it still raining? No, the rain has stopped. And its starting to . . . . . . . . . .

Lesson 3

1. Day in and day out ; constantly, for a long time Ngy ny sang ngy khc, ni tip nhau

2. Die down ; become less severe; quiet down Yn tnh

3. Do over ; do again; repeat Lp li

4. Do without; not have Khng c

5. Down the drain; wasted, done for no reason Lng ph, lm vic g khng c l do

6. Dream up ; invent, think of, come up with Pht minh

7. Drop in ; visit informally Thm (bn thn, ngi thn)

8. Drop someone a line ; send someone a letter Gi th cho ai

9. Drop off ; leave something, take someone home, let someone out of a car Ri b th g

10. Drop out of ; stop attending classes B hc

11. Easy as a pie ; very simple; a piece of cake D nh bnh nhn to

12. Easy bigger than ones stomach ; said of someone who takes more food than he or she can eat Mt to hn bng (No bng i con mt)

13. Fall behind ; not move as quickly as, lag behind Tt li pha sau

14. Fall through ; fail to happen Khng xy ra

15. As far cry from ; not similar to, not as good as Khng ging nh, khng tt nh

16. Feel free ; do something if one wants T nhin, lm g bn mun

17. Feel like ; be inclined to, want to Cm thy thch lm vic g

18. Feel like a million dollars ; feel very good Tm trng phn chn, tm trng tt

19. Feel up to ; feel able to do something; ready to C th lm vic g

20. Fed up with ; not able to tolerate; disgusted with; annoyed with Chn ngy

21. Few and far between ; uncommon and inferquent Khng thng xuyn

22. Figure out ; understand, solve Hiu

EXERCISE

1. It took me hours to . . . . . . . . . . how to record programs on my VCR

2. If you could . . . . . . . . . . the laundry on the way to work. Ill pick it up on Monday

3. What a wonderful masquerade party! People certainly . . . . . . . . . . some interesting costumes, didnt they?

4. Do you . . . . . . . . . . going out tonight? No, Id rather stay home and read

5. Why have you . . . . . . . . . . in your French class? I was sick and I missed a few classes. But Im studying hard to catch up

6. Why do we need to get gas now? We have quite a bit left. This highway goes through some very empty country, and gas station are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Howards teacher wasnt satisfied with the work he had done, so she asker him to . . . . . it . . . . .

8. Im . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . my roommates lack of responsibility. He never pays his bills or his share of the rent on time

9. Isnt your class picnic today? No, our plans for the picnic . . . . . . . . . .

10. The food at that new restaurant isnt bad. Its alright, but its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the food at Mariors. Now that is a great restaurant

11. Ben had to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the university because of financial problems

12. After borrowing furiously, the win finally . . . . . . . . . .

13. Do you telephone friends before you visit, or just . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . them? It depends. If theyre acquaintances, I generally call first

14. Im tired of the same old routine. I know how you feel. I get tired of doing the same things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . too

15. Ralph really loaded up his tray with food. Hell never eat it all. Ralphs . . . . . are . . . . . his . . . . .

16. I need to use a computer for a few hours. . . . . . . . . . . to use laptop computer. I dont need it this morning

17. Ive missed James since he moved to Seattle. You should . . . . . him . . . . . . . . . . and let him know how youre doing. Im sure hed love to get a letter from you

LESSON 4

1. Fill in; write in a blank in vo

2. Fill in for; substitute for Thay th cho

3. Fill one in; provide missing information Cung cp thng tin cn thiu

4. Fill out; complete Hon thnh

5. Find out; learn, discover Hc, tm ra

6. A fish out of water; someone not in his or her normal surroundings. Thch nghi vi hon cnh, thch nghi vi iu kin

7. Fix up; repair, renovate Sa cha

8. Follow in ones footsteps; do what someone else did Lm vic g m ai lm

9. For good; permanently, forever Mi mi, lu di

10. For the time being; temporarily, for now Tm thi, by gi

11. From out of the blue; unexpectedly, without warning Khng mong i,

12. Get along with; have good relations with C quan h tt vi

13. Get carried away; go too far, do too much, buy too much i qu xa, lm qu nhiu, mua qu nhiu

14. Get in ones blood; become a habit; become customary Tr thnh thi quen, tr thnh tp qun, i vo mu

15. Get in over ones head; take too much responsibility; bite off more than one can chew. Lm qu sc mnh

16. Get in the way; block; obstruct Lm b tc

17. Get in touch with; contact Gi lin lc

18. Get the hang of something; learn how to do something Hc cch lm g

19. Get off; leave a vehicle li phng tin

20. Get a kick out of; have fun doing something, enjoy Thch th, lm vic g bun ci

21. Get off the ground; start to be successful S khi u tt p

22. Get on ; board a vehicle Ln xe

23. Get over; recover from Ly li t, ginh li t, tm li c t

24. Get rid of; discard, no longer have Thi hi

25. Get under way; begin, start Bt u, khi du

26. Give away; distribute ng gp, phn phi

27. Give someone a cold shoulder; act unfriendly toward someone; ignore Khng thn thin; b qua

EXERCISE;

1. How did you......... ........ where Warren lives? I just looked it up in my address book

2. Im interested in the job that was advertised in the newspaper. fine, just........ ........ this application form.3. Dont forget to......... ......... the date on your check.4. Is Agnes still mad at you? I suppose so. I saw her at a party last weekend, and she just...........me........... ............ it.5. Are you moving to Baltimore........... ............? No, just......... .......... ............ ............ Ill be back here in a month or two.6. That old paint that you have stored in your garage is a fine hazard. Youre right. I should......... ......... ...........it7. Some companies......... ............free samples of new products in order to familiarize consumers with them.8. Hows that advanced computer class youre taking. Polly. Not so good. I cant understand a word that the teacher or any of the students are saying I really feel like........... ........... ........... ........... ............9. Dont you just hate all this graffiti? Its ugly, Isnt it? Ive never understood why people......... ........ .......... ........ ..........writing on walls. It doesnt seem like much fun to me.10. When the train stopped, a mysterious looking woman in a black raincoat........ .......... the train and found her seat.11. Maxwells project will be very successful, I think Oh, I dont know. Im not sure it will ever........ ........... ........ .........12. Do you........ ......... ........... your new roommate, or do you two argue?13. That run down old house that David bought looks terrific. Yes, hes ......... it......... beautifully, hasnt he?14. Has Edward.......... ......... .......... .......... you lately? No, he hasnt. I dont think he has my new telephone number.15. Will the concert start soon It should......... ......... ......... any minute now.16. Living by the oceans really ......... ..........your........... Once youve lived here, you never want to leave.17. This is the last stop. Everyone has to ......... ........... the bus here.18. Professor Dunbar came down with the flu, so her teaching assistant........ ......... ............ her for a few days.LESSON 5

1.Give a hand; applaud, clap V tay, hoan nghnh

2.give a hand with; assist Gip , tr gip

3. Go easy on; not punish severely Khng kht khe

4. Go on with; continue Tip tc

5. Go with; accompany, look good together, complement i cng vi, b sung

6. Go without saying; obvious, clear rnh mch, hin nhin

7. Grow up; to mature, to become an adult trng thnh

8. Hand in; give back to , return quay tr li

9. Hand out; distribute giao cho, phn cho

10. Hang out; wait i

11. Hard to come by; difficult to find rt kh tm

12. Have on; wear mc

13.Have ones hand full; be very busy, have a challenging job rt bn,

14. Have a heart; be compassionate, show mercy thng hi

15. Have a hunch; have an intuitive feeling thuc v trc gic

16.Have a word with someone; to talk to someone briefly ni ngn gn vi ai, li nhn

17. Have the time of ones life; have fun, have a great time Mt thi gian vui thch

18. Hear firsthand from; get information directly from someone Ly thng tin trc tip t ai

19. Hear from; be contacted by, be in touch with Gi lin lc bi

20. Hear of; know about, be familiar with Quen vi, bit v

21. Hit if off; become friendly, Tr nn thn thin

22. Hit the road; leave, go away Ri khi, i khi

23. Hold on; wait, i

24. Hold on to; grasp Nu ly, tm ly, nm c

25. Hold still; not move Khng di chuyn, khng ca quy

26. Hold up; delay Chm tr

EXERCISE;

1. Everest was born in the South but he......... ............ in Michigan.

2. At the beginning of the class, the instructor......... ........ the quizzes and told the students they had 10 minutes in which to finish.3. After 10 minutes, the students........ .......... their quizzes to the instructor.

4. Have you ever....... ......... Wiliam Carlos? I believe so. He was a poet, wasnt he?5. Hello, is Gina there? Yes, ......... ......... a minute and Ill get her.6. Youre graduating next month, right? Yes, but I intend to........ ......... .......... my studies in graduate school.7. .......... ............ while I take your photograph. I dont want the picture to be blurry.8. I get stopped by the police for speeding. I have to pay a big fine. Well, you could talk to the judge and ask him to reduce it . since youve never been stopped for speeding before, maybe, hell ........ .......... ....... you.

9. Do you like this blouse? Yes, but I think the gray silk one would........ better.......your jacket10. So, Dave is teaching you how to windsurf? Yes, and hes such a good teacher that Im already ........... ........ .......... .......... it.11. The audience..........the cast a big.........after their wonderful performance.12. Do you think Iris will pass the history test? That.......... ........... ........ in fact, shell probably have the best grade in the class.13. What......... .......... your flight? There was a big snowstorm in Denver that delayed a lot of flights.14. Have you .......... .......... Maureen since she went to Hawaii. Yeah, I got a postcard from her yesterday. She said shes .......... ........... ......... ..........her..........and never wants to come home.15. Can you ...........me........... ........... ............ this luggage? Its too heavy for me to carry by myself.16. The wind is starting to blow. Youd better......... ........... ........... your hat.17. Oh, you bought the new book by Richard Stone. Yes, but that book is.......... ........... .......... ............I looked for it in three or four bookstores.18. Its getting late. I d better....... .......... ........... if I want to get home by midnight.19. Can I .......... ........... ......... ..........you now. Professor Rivera? Ive got to go to class right now. Drop by my office later and well talk then.20. You sure bought a lot of groceries. Year, I guest I .......... ........... ........... I should never go grocery shopping when Im hungry.LESSON 6

1. In hot water; in trouble Trong s phin mun, lo lng

2. In the dark; not knowing , confused Khng hiu, lng tng

3. In the long run; over a long period of time Sau cng, sau rt, kt qu l

4. In not time; very soon, very quickly Sm nht, rt nhanh

5. In a nutshell; in summary, in brief Vn tt, ngn gn

6. In the same boat; in the same situation, having the same problem Cng hi cng thuyn

7. In person; face to face Mt i mt

8. In store; in the future, coming up Trong tng lai

9. Iron out; solve a problem Gii quyt vn

10. Join the club; have the same problem Vn chung, cng mt vn

11. Jump to conclusions; form opinions without sufficient evidence T s nh gi khng r rng

12. Keep an eye on; watch, take care of , look after Nhn, chm sc

13. Keep an eye out for; look for Trng h

14. Keep on with; continue Tip tc

15. Keep track of; know where something or someone is Bit ch ai hoc ch vt g

16. Keep up with; maintain the same speed as Ngang hng vi, khng thua km

17. Kill time; spend time doing unimportant things Git thi gian

18. Know like the back of ones hand; be very familiar with Rt quen thuc vi

19. Lay off; put out of work T b

20. Learn the ropes; become familiar with, get used to, get the hang of Tr nn quen thuc vi

21. Leave out; not include, omit B st

22. Leave someone or something alone; not disturb Khng quy ry

23. Let someone down; disappoint Lm cho ai tht vng

24. Look after; take care of, mind Chm sc

25. Let up; decline in intensity Du i

26. Look for; try to locate Tm kim

27. Look forward to; anticipate with pleasure on trc tng lai

28. Look into; investigate Nghin cu

29. In favor of ; support ng h

EXERCISE;

1. Will you......... ......... ........... ........... my dog while I go in the drug store?

2. Kathys daughter has such short legs that she has a hard time........ .......... .......... the other children.3. The store had to.......... ........... a number of clerks because sales were down.4. You must be anxious to go on your vacation. I certainly am. Im really......... .......... .......... this trip.5. Dont ......... .......... ........... may be your jewelry wasnt stolen after all.6. I need to find a new apartment. there might be some vacancies in the building where I live. Ill......... .......... ........... ............. ............one.7. The company may lose some money now, but............ .......... ............ ............,this is a good investment.8. Alex complained that no one invited him to any social events and that he felt............. ..............9. Can you hurry over here? I need to see you right away. sure, Ill be there............. .......... ............10. May I help you, sir? No, Im just looking around and trying to........... some ............until my wife finishes shopping.11. Has it stopped raining yet? No, but its beginning to ......... ............ a little.12. I cant go to Daryl party this weekend. I have to study. Guess were.......... ............ ............. ............. Ive got to study too.:13. Should we stop and spend the night at this motel? No, lets........... ........... driving for a few more miles.14. If you find a baby animal in the woods, dont touch it. Just ...........it .......15. I .........all over town..........a good used car, but I couldnt find one.16. Stellas sister............ .............her baby while Stella is at work.17. If you dont know how to use this software, why dont you ask Joanne to help? I did ask her, but Im still......... .......... ........... I didnt understand a word she said.18. The police........... .............. the crime19. Did Amanda ever complete her project? Shes almost finished. She just has a few minor problems left to ............ ............20. Alfred is ........... ............ ............. with his boss because he didnt finish an important project by the decline.21. Has Marilyn gotten used to her new job at the bank yet? ? It took her awhile, but I think shes finally.......... ........... ............ there.22. Are you........... ............. ............ this proposal or against it?23. Are you familiar with this neighborhood? I grew up here so I .......... it........... ........... ............. ............ my ..............24. Is your roommate at home now? I have no idea. I can never........... .......... ............ his comings and goings25. I understand that you have a new dean over at the Business School. Yes, his name is Dean Nishimura. He has a completely different philosophy of business education from the one Dean Woodford had, so Im sure that some big changes are.......... ........... for us.LESSON 7

1. Look like; resemble Ging nh

2. Look out for ; be careful , cn thn

3. Look over; examine, read Xem xt, kim tra

4. Look up; find information, try to locate some one Tm kim thng tin

5. Look up to; respect, admire Tn trng, knh trng

6. Make a fool of oneself; act embarrassingly Hnh ng rt lng tng, bi ri

7. Make ends meet; balance a budget Tn tin, tit kim, thu vn

8. Make a point of; make a special effort Lm mt ci g qu sc

9. Make sense of; be logical and clear, understand Hiu mt cch logc

10. Make up; invent, create Sng to, pht minh

11. Make up ones mind; decide Quyt nh

12. Make way for; allow space for , provide a path for Trnh ng, cho qua

13. Mean to; intend to nh ni

14. Mixed up; confused B lung tung, b xo trn

15. Music to ones ears; something that sounds pleasant Khin ai hi lng

16. A nervous wreck; someone who is very nervous Mt hy vng

17. Next to nothing; very little, cheap

Hu nh khng

18. No doubt about it; certainly, definitely Chc chn, nht nh

19. No harm done; there was no damage done khng b hng

20. Not at all; not in any way; not to any degree Khng c g, khng ng

21. Not believe ones ears eyes; be unable to believe what one hears or sees Khng tin vo mt/tai mnh na

22. Not think much of; not like, not have a good opinion of Khng ging, khng c kin tt v

23. Odds and ends; small, miscellaneous items

Lt vt, mu tha

24. An old hand at; an experienced person Ngi c kinh nghim

25. On edge; nervous Hi hp

26. On end; consecutively, without a break Lin, lin tc

27. On hands; easily available D dng, c sn

28. On needless and pins; nervous, anxious Lo lng, lo u

29. On ones own; independent c lp

30. On second thought; after reconsidering Sau khi xem xt li

31. On the go; always busy, always moving Lun lun bn, lun lun di chuyn

32. On the tip of the tongue; almost able to remember Mi nh y m

33. On the whole; in general Ni chung, i khi

34. Out of something; not having something Khng c ci g

35. Out of ones mind; insane, illogical, irrational Ngi hay qun

36. Out of order; broken, not functioning properly Hng hc

37. Out of the question; definitely not, impossible Khng chc chn, khng th c

38. Over and over; again and again, repeatedly Lp i lp li

39. Over ones head; not understandable, obscure Khng th hiu c, khng th thng cm c

EXERCISE

1. Have you......... .......... this contract yet? Not yet. Ill try to read it this weekend.

2. I think Ill have the prime rib, waiter. Alright, sir. wait, no, .......... ....... .........I think Ill have the chicken.3. Is this story true, or did you just......... it ............4. You cant get a soda from that machine. There is a sign on it that says....... ......... .............5. Sherry .......... .......... ......... her father because of all the help and good advice hes given her.6. I dont have much cash........... ........... , but I can get some from an automatic teller machine.7. What a confusing movie! I couldnt .......... ......... ........ it.8. You did a fine job on this research paper, especially on the bibliography. Thanks. I .......... ............ .......... ......... getting the bibliography exactly right. I did it......... ......... ......... until it was perfect.9. whats Fritzs cousins name? its.......... ........... ........... ........... my ............, but I cant quite remember.10. Hello, Id like to reserve a room for this weekend. Im afraid thats .......... ........... .......... ......... the hotel is fully booked this weekend.11. Do you have any fresh peaches? Sorry, Im ......... ......... them. I just sold the last crate of peaches.12. Listen to the roar of the engines. Year, its......... ........ my.........I just love going to these car races.13. The plane was delayed for hours......... ......... I thought wed never get off the ground.14. Have you finished moving into your new apartment? Almost. There are still a few........ ........ ......... in my old apartment that I need to move today.15. Brad sure is busy, isnt he? Yeah, hes involved in so many activities that hes always......... .......... .............16. There are so many interesting dishes on the menu that its hard for me to......... .......... my......... which one to order.17. If you go into the swamp, ........... .......... ..........alligators.18. When will you be informed of the test results? Not until Monday, so Ill be........ ........... ........... ..........all weekend.19. Do you know what the capital of South Dakota is? Im not sure. Lets .......it.........in this atlas.20. They are going to tear down those old ware houses to....... ....... ....... a big new hotel.21. I like that painting you bought. Did it cost much? No, the artist sold it to me for.......... ........... ...........22. How was your final exam. Laurier? A couple of questions were tricky, but........ .......... ........... It was pretty easy.23. Im sorry, I knocked that vase over. I mean to .......... ......... .......... it wasnt damaged.24. I must have been........ ........ my .........When I signed the lease on this apartment. I cant afford this much rent.25. He didnt ......... ......... break the plate. It was an accident.26. I didnt know you could play horseshoes so well. Oh, Im........ ........ ....... ......... Ive been playing since I was a kid.27. You must be......... .......... this isnt River Street; its Laurel Avenue.28. How long have you been living alone? Ive been.........my........ since I graduated from high school.29. Did you find that lecture boring? ........ .......... .........In fact, I thought it was fascinating.30. Christine is so funny, she should be a stand-up comic. I suppose, but a lot of her jokes go right .........my.......I just dont get themLESSON 8

1. Part with; no longer have, get rid of, not be in the company of La b, b

2. Pass up; not accept, not choose T chi, t b, khc t

3. Pass with flying colors; do very well on Lm rt tt

4. Pat oneself on the back; congratulate on oneself Khen ngi ai/t khen mnh

5. Pay attention to; concentrate on, focus on Tp trung vo

6. Pick out; choose, select Chn ra

7. Pick up; take something from a surface. Go to a location and get someone or something. Learn something without special training. Bt c, nht ln

8. Pick up the tab for; pay for Tr cho

9. The picture of; a perfect example of something V d hon ho v mt iu g

10. Play it by ear; do something without definite plan Lm vic g khng c k hoch c th

11. Play it safe; choose a cautious plan Chn k hoch cn thn

12. Point out; indicate Ch ra, cho bit, ra du

13. A pretty penny; a lot of money Nhiu tin

14. Pull ones leg; joke with someone; make up a story Vui v vi mt s ngi

15. Push ones luck; to continue doing something too long; to keep taking chances C gng tm c hi

16. Put aside; save for later, set aside dnh, dnh dm

17. Put away; return something to its proper place Cn c

18. Put off; delay; post pone Hon li

19. Put on; begin to wear Lm ra v, khoc ci v

20. Put together; assemble Kt hp vi nhau

21. Put up with; tolerate Tha th, khoan dung

EXERCISE

1. Vanessa is allergic to tobacco smoke, so she cant ......... ......... ........... smoking.

2. That conference you attended in Honolulu must have been very expensive. Yes, but fortunately, the company I work for........ ......... ......... ............ ..........it.3. I asked my teacher to.......... .......... the mistaken t hat I made in my essay so that I could correct them.4. What do you want to do tomorrow? I dont know. Lets just......... ......... ........... ...........5. You should get rid of that old leather jacket. I know, but I hate to ......... ......... it. Ive had it for years.6. How did you learn to make such beautiful pottery? Did you take a class in ceramics? No, I just .........it.........on my own.7. Can you read that sign? Just a minute. Let me.........my glasses........8. It took Linda weeks to......... ......... that thousand piece jigsaw puzzle.9. This bike cost......... ......... .......... , but I think it was worth it.10. I passed the first two quizzes in this class and I scarcely studied for them at all. Well, if I were you, I wouldnt .......my.........any further. You should study for the next quiz because its going to be a lot harder.11. Ill .......... ......... the laundry that you dropped off at the cleaners this morning.12. The child ........... .......... her toys from the floor and then.........them........in her toy box.13. Bert and Mary had to.......... ......... their dinner party until next weekend because Bert wasnt feeling well.14. Who........ .......... that tie for you? No one, I chose it myself.15. Are you going to take that job? No, I decided to......... it .........because I dont want to relocate.16. .......... ........... as I read the directions or you wont understand what to do.17. I finally finished cooking all the materials I need to write my report. Great, but dont be too quick to ......... yourself......... ......... ........... you still have to write the report and then word process it.18. How did you do on your final exams? Great! I......... them all........ ........... ............19. Im going to...........this magazine ............. for now and read it later.20. I wouldnt believe a word Lynn told you. Shes just .......your.............LESSON 9

1. Right away; immediately Ngay lp tc

2. Ring a bell with; sound familiar to Nghe c quen vi

3. Rough it; experience somewhat difficult or primitive conditions Thiu thn mi th

4. Rule out; say something is impossible; eliminate Tr ra, bc b

5. Run a temperature; have a fever B st, lm cho xc ng

6. Run for office; try to get elected C gng c bu

7. Run into; meet unexpectedly, bump into, collide with Gp g tnh c

8. Run late; be late, be in a hurry Rt vi, b mun

9. Run of the mill; ordinary Bnh thng, thng thng

10. Run out of ; exhaust supply of Chy ra khi

11. Save ones breath; dont bother asking someone ng lm phin ai

12. Search me; I dont know; I have no idea; beats me Ti khng bit, ti khng c kin

13. See eye to eye; have the same opinion; be in agreement s bng lng, ng kin

14. see somebody off; accompany to an airport, station or train station n ai

15. see to; take care of, check on, fix sa cha, nhn chm chm

16. serve one right; receive the proper punishment; get the penalty one deserves nhn hnh pht ch ng

17. short for; a nick name for t tn ring cho

18. show around; orient; give a tour nh hng, gii thiu

19. show off; try to attract attention by unusual behavior khoe khoang, ph trng

20. show up; arrive n

21. shut down; close ng

22. sign up for; enroll for a class, a course ng k mt kho hc

23. sing another tune; change ones opinion; feel differently thay i kin, cm thy khc

24. size up; measure, estimate c lng, d ton

25. sleep on it; postpone a decision until the next day tr hon mt quyt nh n ngy k tip

26. slowly but surely; gradually; steadily but not quickly chm m chc

27. snowed under; very busy rt bn

28. so far, so good; up until now, there are no problems n by gi vn tt

29. sooner or later; at some indefinite future time khng sm th mun, trc sau g

30. speak ones mind; say what one is thinking ni iu g mnh ngh

31. speak up; speak more loudly ni to, qut

32. speak up for; support verbally bin h cho ai

33. spell out for; make something very clear; explain in detail gii thch chi tit

EXERCISE

1. Has John gone back to Minneapolis yet? Yes, I just.........him........at the airport.

2. This pipe is leaking again. Wed better have a plumber........... .........it3. I was late because I........... ............ ........... .......... gasoline.4. Write down your ideas........... ............ if you wait to write them down, you may forget them.5. When the factory............ ..........hundreds of workers were laid off.6. Did you......... ........... ..........Professor Carmichaels class? No, I decided to take Professor Knudsons class instead.7. Vickl, hows that project youre working on coming along? ............ .........., ........... ..............,but the tricky part will be next week.8. Have you ever heard of an actor named Anthony Reed? Hmmm. I dont think so, The name doesnt ........... ........... ............. ........... me at all.9. Frank doesnt take a hint very well, does he? No, you have to..........things........... ............ Frank. He likes everything crystal clear.10. Id heard that the clothes in this store were very nice, but I found them....... ........... ........... ............11. Bennet thought those stories Tina told about you were pretty funny. they werent funny, they were embarrassing. Bennet would be......... ......... ...........if Tina had told that kind of story about him.12. Norman doesnt like to............. ............ when he goes on vacation. He prefers to stay at luxury hotels.13. I dont like to go to parties too early. Id rather........... ........... a little bit late.14. Its expensive to.......... ........... ............ these days. Political campaigns cost a lot of money.15. So, do you plan to buy this motorcycle or not? Im still not sure. Can I........... ........... ............ and let you know tomorrow morning.16. Have you seen the campus yet? Yes, my cousin Melissa is a student there, and she..........me ...........17. Im collecting money for the Red Cross. I think Ill ask Pat to contribute. ........... your............Pat never contributes to anything.18. Are you going to medical school? Not this year, but I wouldnt ...........it......... in the future.19. I .......... .............. my old friend Leslie downtown yesterday. I hadnt seen her for months.20. I understand youre learning how to speak Russian. Yes, and it was really hard for me, especially at first. Now, though, Im........... ............... ............. getting the hang of it.21. your sisters name is Jessia? That s what everyone calls her. Its............. ............ Jessica.22. Have a busy night at the restaurant? We werent just busy. We were............ ..............! Ive never seen so many customers.23. I feel terrible. I have a terrible cold or maybe even the flu. are you........... ............ .............? if you have a fever, then you probably have the flu.24. My brother and I agree on most issues, but I sure dont.......... ............ .............. ........... ...........him.........this proposal to build a new stadium.LESSON 10

1. Spick and span; extremely clean, spotless Rt gn gng

2. Stack up against; compare with So snh vi

3. Stamp out; eliminate, wipe out Lau chi, c

4. Stand for; tolerate, put up with, symbolize; represent Tha th, thay th cho, c ngha l

5. Stand out; be noticeable Kin tr, chng c, ng

6. Stay out; not come home ngoi khng v nh

7. Stay out or up to all hours; come home or go to bed very late ngoi khng v nh

8. Stay up; not go to bed Khng ng nh, khng ng trn ging

9. Stick with; not change, stay with Khng thay i, vi

10. Stock up on; get a large supply of something D tr s lng ln

11. A stones throw from; not far away from; close to Khng xa

12. Stop by; visit informally, go to see n chi khng bo trc

13. Straighten up; clean up, make tidy Sp xp gn li

14. Stuck with; have something one cant get rid of B mc kt

15. Take a break; stop working for a short time Ngh gii lao

16. Take a lot of nerve; require a lot of courage Yu cu phi mo him, phi c lng dng cm

17. Take a lot out of someone; be hard on someone, drain energy from someone. S bn rt

18. Take advantage of; utilize, make use of, exploit S dng, tn dng, khai thc

19. Take after; resemble, look like ( an older relative) Ging

20. Take apart; disassemble Tho ra, tho ri

21. Take it easy; relax, calm down Ngh ngi

EXERCISE

1.Vaccines have permitted doctors to virtually........... ........... a number of diseases, including small pox and polio.

2. How late do you usually.......... ..........? Im normally in bed by eleven on weekdays.

3. How late do you usually........... ............on weekends? I sometimes dont come home until two or three in the morning.

4. Do you.......... .......... your mother or father? I dont think I look much like either one of them.

5. Earl had no trouble.......... .......... the engine on the lawn mower, but then he couldnt put it back together.

6. You look a little tired. why dont you.......... ......... .........and finish your homework later.?

7. The teacher wont ......... ......... cheating. When she caught one student cheating on the midterm exam. She gave hem a zero on that test.

8. I tried to find a buyer for this old car. Looks like youre.......... ......... it for now.

9. My brother is going to invest all his savings in a new business venture. That........... ............ .......... .......... ........... Id be afraid to take a risk like that.:

10. I give up. I cant solve this chemistry problem. ........... .......... it. Eventually, youll figure it out.

11. We have to leave the apartment.......... ............ .............. The landlord said that if it wasnt clean when we moved out, wed lose part of our security deposit.

12. Don was wearing jeans and a T. shirt while all the other guests had on formal dinner wear. He really............ ..............

13. Im nervous about my interview. ............ ............ .............Youll make a better impression if youre relaxed.

14. The fifty stars on the American flag........... .............. the fifty states.

15. Do you ........... ............. your apartment before guests............ .............? A little bit, I dont mind if its a little messy, but I dont want it to look like a disaster area.

16. My new roommate is from Italy. You should............ .......... ........... this opportunity to learn some Italian.

17. I just heard on the news that the Florida orange crop was damaged by the hurricane last week, and that orange juice prices are going to go way up. If we dad a big freezer, we could.......... .......... ............ frozen orange juice now and we wouldnt have to pay those prices.

18.Do you live near Cecillia? Oh, sure. My apartment building is just.......... ........... .............. .............. hers.19. So you ran in that I0 kilometer race? Yes, but it.............. .......... .............. ............ ..............me. I can hardly move.

20. Tim, youve eaten at both these restaurants. How does Chez Michelle............. ........... ........... the Oak Room? Oh, they are both good. I think the Oak Room has slightly better food, but the service is better at Chez Michelle.

LESSON 11

1. Take off; remove, ascend, become popular quickly Ci, b

2. Take over; assume control or responsibility Chuyn, ch, a, dn

3. Take part in; participate in Tham d

4. Take a short cut; take a more direct or faster route than usual Nhanh hn bnh thng

5. Take the plunge; finally take action or do something different Lm vic g khc thng

6. Take time off; take a vacation or a break from work or school Ngh php, ngh gii lao

7. Take up; begin to study some topic or engage in some activity Thu ht, chon, chim

8. Talk down to; speak to someone as if she or he were a child; patronize Chn hng

9. Talk into; persuade; convince Thuyt phc, lm cho tin

10. Talk out of; dissuade, convince not to do something Bn ra, can ngn, ni ng lm

11. Talk over; discuss Tho lun, bn ci

12. Tear oneself away from something; stop doing something interesting Ngng lm vic g

13. Tear up; rip into small pieces X

14. Tell apart; distinguish Nghe ra, nhn ra, phn bit

15. Things are looking up; the situation is improving Ci thin tnh hnh

16. Think over; consider Ngh k

17. Throw away; discard, get rid of Vt i

18. Throw cold water on; discourage, force to cancel Chn nn, mt ht can m

19. Throw the book on someone; give someone the maximum punishment Hnh h ai, trng pht ai

20. Try on; test clothing before buying Th qun o trc khi mua

21. Try out; test a product before buying Th sn phm trc khi mua

22. Try out for; audition for, attempt to join Th xem qun chng c thch khng

EXERCISE

1. Youd better........... ........... these gloves before you buy them; they may not fit.

2. At first, I didnt want to go to the party, but Im glad that Annette ...........me...........it. It was fun.3. The spy.......... ...........the document so that no one else could read it.4. The twins look so much alike that almost no one can.........them .........5. I need more excitement in my life Why dont you give up stamp collecting and......... ........... skydiving instead?6. Who made the final decision? All of the people who were at the meeting........... ........ ......... the decision-making process.7. Most air accidents take place when a plane is......... ........... or landing.8. Will your friend Scott be coming to the reception? If he can .......... himself .......... ...........those computer games hes always playing.9. Dan was afraid the judge would ......... ........... ............. ..............him because he had been charged with the same offense several times.10. ......... ............. your boots before you go into the house.11. I wish Id.......... ............ this calculator before I bought it. It doesnt seem to be working right.12. Marvin was going to drop out of school, but his grandfather........ him .......... .............it.13. Im not sure if this is a suitable topic for a research paper. I need to ..........it............with my teacher before I start writing.14. Im going to............ ............. those old newspapers. Dont just put them in the trash-recycle them instead.15. Are you going on the class trip? I need to ..........it ..........before I decide.16. How did you get home so quickly? I ........... ........... ........... through the fields:17. So, Louisa, you decided to .......... ............ for a part in the play? Yes, Ive been interested in acting for quite a while, so I finally decided to ........... ............. ..............18. Akiko is going to...........some........... ............ ............. teaching to finish writing her dissertation. LESSON 12

1. Turn around; face in a different direction Thay i hon ton

2. Turn down; reject an offer, decrease in intensity Khng tha nhn, bc b, khc t

3. Turn in; return, give back, hand in, go to bed Quay li, tr li

4. Turn into; change to, transform into Thay i ti

5. Turn off; stop the operation, shut off Tt, kho

6. Turn on; start the operation Bt, m

7. Turn out; result, end up, be the final product, arrive, gather Sa thi, ui, kt lun

8. Turn up; increase in intensity, arrive Lt ln, xi ln, vn ln

9. Under the weather; slightly ill Khng kho

10. Use up; use completely Tn dng, dng cho n kit

11. Wait on; serve Phc v, hu h

12. Walk on air; be very happy Rt hnh phc

13. Warm up; heat, practice, prepare for Lm cho nng, lm cho m, tr nn si ni

14. Watch out for; be alert, look out for phng

15. Wear out; become no longer useful because of wear Lm cho mn hn, mn, hao mn

16. What the doctor ordered; exactly what was needed; the perfect thing Chnh xc cn ci g

17. Wipe out; eliminate, stamp out Dp tt, dp b

18. Without a hitch; without a problem Khng vn g

19. Work out; exercise, bring to a successful conclusion, solve Ti u, n u, ra sao, kt thc

EXERCISE

1. The story of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde is about a scientist who......... ........ a monster after drinking a chemical position.

2. ........... ............. the water or the tub will overflow.3. Its warm in here. Could you........... ............ the heater a little.?4. I love that song. Could you......... ............ the radio a little?5. I cant see a thing. Please........ ............ the light.6. This sweater looked nice when it was new, but now its........... ............7. Im hungry! why dont you........... ........... some of the leftovers that are in the refrigerator? You can use the microwave oven.8. Not many people.......... ........... for the meeting last night.9. Its been a rough day. Im going to........... ........... early and get a good nights sleep.10. How about a nice cup of hot tea? Thats exactly what Im in the mood for. Its just........... ............ ............. ................11. How was your presentation. Great. It went off........... ........... ............12. Im going to the gym to .......... ............ on the exercise machines.13. If you are on a crowded bus or subway car, you must........... ........... ............. pick pockets.14. A bear! I dont see a bear! Where is it? ............ .............. slowly. Its right behind you15. Maria had quite a few problems last year, but she.........them all.......... 16. Dont ask me to .......... ........... you! Im not your servant.17. Brian was offered the manager job but he.......... it............He said he didnt want the responsibility.18. Before the game starts, the players need to........... ............19. This cake Holly baked for the wedding........... ........... very well, dont you think? Yes, indeed. It was delicious.20. Michell looked pale and tired. He told me he was feeling a little ......... .......... ............21. You must be happy about getting that scholarship Are you kidding? Im still............ ...........MAIN PROBLEM IN READING COMPREHENSION

1. Reading for main ideas (10 percent)

By previewing, you can form a general idea of what a reading passages is about; that is, you identify the topic. By reading for main ideas, you identify the point of view of the author - that is, what the writers thesis is. Specifically, what does the author purpose to write the topic? The main idea usually comes at the beginning of a reading passage

Sample questions:

The primary idea of the passage is . . .

What is the main idea of the passage?

Which of the following best summarizes the authors main idea

What does the passage mainly discuss?

The answer choice must be not

1. too specific

2. too general

3. incorrect according to the passage

4. irrelevant (unrelated) to the main idea of the passage

Main purpose questions

What is the authors main purpose in the passage?

Why did the author write the passage?

The main point of the passage is. . .

The authors purpose in writing is. . .

2. Using contexts for vocabulary (26 percent)

In English, a context is the combination of vocabulary and grammar that surrounds a word. Context can be a sentence or a paragraph or a passage. Context helps you make a general prediction about meaning. If you know the general meaning of a sentence, you also know the general meaning of the words in the sentence. Most of the question asks about single words (usually nouns, verb, adjectives, and adverb)

In ordinary reading, there are a number of clues that can help you determine the meaning of an unknown word.

2.1. Synonyms

2.2. Contrast

2.3. General context

You should follow these steps to answer vocabulary in context items

A. Look at the word being asked about and the four possible answer choices. If you are familiar with the word guess which answer is correct.

B. Read the sentence in which the word appears. If you are familiar with the word guess at the answer, make sure that the word you chose fits with the word as it is used in the sentence. If you are unfamiliar with the word, see if context clues in the sentence or in the sentence before or after to help you guess the meaning.

C. If you are not sure, make the best guess you can and go on

3. Scanning for details (4 percent)

First read a question and find the important content words. Content words are usually nouns, verbs, or adjectives. They are called content words because they contain the content or meaning of a sentence.

Next, let your eyes travel quickly over the passage for the same content words or synonyms of the words. This is called Scanning. By scanning, you can find a place in the reading passage where the answer to a question is found.

Finally, read those specific sentences carefully and choose the answer that correspond to the meaning of the sentence you have read.

4. Making inference (12 percent)

An inference is a logical conclusion based on evidence. It can be about the passage itself or about the authors view point.

Sometimes, in a reading passage, you will find a direct statement of fact. That is called evidence. But other times, you wont find a direct statement. Then you will need to use the evidence you have to make an inference.

Sample questions:

4.1. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

4.2. It can be inferred from the passage that. . .

4.3. The author implies that. . .

4.4. Which of the following does the passage imply?

4.5. Which of the following would be the most reasonable guess about. . .?

4.6. The author suggest that. . .

4.7. It is probable that. . .

5. Identifying exceptions (9 percent)

After reading a passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to select from four possible answers the on that is not mentioned in the reading. Use your scanning skills to locate related words and phrases in the passage, and the answer choices.

Sample questions:

5.1. According to the passage, all of the following are true except

5.2. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage

5.3. Which of the following is least likely. . .?

6. Locating reference (10 percent)

After reading a passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to find the antecedent of a pronoun. An antecedent is a word or phrase to which a pronoun refers. Usually, you will be given a pronoun such as it, its, them or their and you will be asked to locate the reference word or phrase in the passage.

Then read the sentence using the four answer choices in place of pronoun. The meaning of the sentence in the context of the passage will not change when you substitute the correct antencedent.

7. Referring to the passage (24 percent)

After reading the passage on the TOEFL, you will be asked to find certain information in the passage and identify it by line number.

First, reading the question. Then refer to the line numbers in the answer choices to scan for the information in the question.

Sample question:

7.1. In what line does the author shift his focus to. . .?

7.2. Where in the passage does the author first discuss?

7.3. A description of . . . . can be found in . . .

7.4. Where in the passage does the author specifically stress.?

7.5. In what paragraph does the author first mention the concept of. . .?

Exercise for main topic sentence

PASSAGE 1

There are two main types of cell division. Most cells are produced by a process called mitosis. In mitosis, a cell divides and forms two identical daughter cells, each with an identical number of chromosomes. Most one-called creatures reproduce by this method, as do most of the cells in multi-celled plants and animals. Sex cells, however, are formed in a special type of cell division called meiosis. This process reduces the number of chromosomes in a sex cell to half number found in other kinds of cells. Then, when sex cells unite, they produce a single cell with the original number of chromosomes.

1. What is the main topic of this passage?

A. The method by which one-celled organisms reproduce

B. A comparison between mitosis meiosis

C. Meiosis, the process by which identical cells are produced

New word:

Mitosis: Chromosome:

Meiosis:Organism:

PASSAGE 2

The last gold rush belongs as much to Canadian history as it does to American. The discovery of gold along the Klondike River, which flows Canadas Yukon Territory in Alaska, drew some 30,000 fortune hunters to the north. The Yuko became a territory and its capital of the time, Dawson, wouldnt have existed without the gold rush. The gold strike furnished material for a dozen of Jack Londons novels, it inspired Robert Service to write The Shooting of Dan Mc Grew and other poems, and it provides the background for the wonderful Charlie Chaplin movie, The Gold Rush. It also marked the beginning of modern Alaska.

1.The authors main purpose in writing is to

A. Discuss the significance of mining in Canada and the United States.

B. Show the influence of the Klondike gold on the creative arts.

C. Point out the significance of the Klondike gold strike.

PASSAGE 3

The keystone arch was used by almost every early civilization. To build a keystone arch, stones are cut so that the opposite sides taper toward each other slightly. The upper and lower surfaces are carved so that when several stones are placed side by side, the upper and lower surfaces meet in smooth, continuous curves. Some form of scaffolding is built under the arch and shaped to accept the curved underside of the stones, the last to be dropped into position. Afterwards, the scaffolding is removed and the arch is self-suppording.

1. The passage mainly concerns

A. The basic principles of building keystone arches

B. The uses of arches in modern architecture

C. The role of scaffolding in building keystone arches

New word:

Keystone:Arch:

Carver:Scaffolding

PASSAGE 4

Circumstantial evidence is evidence not drawn from the direct observation of a fact. If, for example, there is evidence that a piece of rock embedded in a wrapped chocolate bar is the same type of rock found in the vicinity of the candy factory, and that rock of this type is found in few other places, then there is circumstantial evidende that the stone found its way into the candy during manufacture and suggests that the candy maker was negligent. Despite a popular notion to look down on the quality of circumstantial evidence, it is of great usefulness if there is enough of it and if it is properly interpreted. Each circumstance, taken singly, may mean little, but a whole chain of circumstances can be as conclusive as direct evidence.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. A manufacturers negligence can be shown by direct evidence only

B. Enough circumstantial evidence is as persuasive as direct evidence

C. Circumstantial evidence can be very useful

New word:

Circumstantial:Evidence:

Embed:Vicinity:

Negligent:Notion:

Interpret:Conclusive:

PASSAGE 5

The Northwest Ordinance was passed by Congress in 1787. It set up the government structure of the region north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania, then called the Northwest Territory. It set the conditions under which parts of the territory could become states having equality with the older states. But the ordinance was more than just a plan for government. The law also guaranteed freedom of religion and trial by jury in the school to be built for each township. It also abolishes slavery in the Territory. Eventually, the Territory became the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

1. What is the main topic of this passage

A. The structure of government

B. The provisions of an important law

C. The establishment of schools in the Northwest Territory

New word:

Ordinance:Guarantee:

Trial:Township:

Abolish:Provision:

PASSAGE 6

The story of the motel business from 1920 to the start of World War II in 1941 is one of uninterrupted growth. Motels spread from the West and the Midwest all the way to Maine and Florida. They clustered along transcontinental highways such as U.S Routes 40 and 66 and along the north-south routes running up an down both the East and West coasts. There were 16,000 motels by 1930 and 24,000 by 1940. The motel industry was one of the few industies that was not hurt by the Depression of 1930s. Their cheap rates attracted travelers who had very little money.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. How the Depression hurt US motels

B. The impact of transcontinental highways

C. Two decades of growth for the motel industry

New word

Cluster:Transcontinental:

Depression:Uninterrupted:

PASSAGE 7

An old proverb states, Beware of oak, it draws the stroke. This saying is handy during thunderstorm season. In general, trees with deep roots that tap into groundwater attract more lightning than do trees with shallow, drier roots. Oaks are around 50 times more likely to be struck than beeches. Spruces are nearly as safe as beeches. Pines are not safe as these two, but are still much safer than oaks.

1. What is the authors main point?

A. Old proverbs often contain important truths

B. Trees with shallow roots are more likely to avoid lightning than those with deep roots

C. The deeper a trees roots, the safer it is during a thunderstorm

New word

Oak:Stroke:

Handy:Root:

Tap:Shallow:

Spruce:Pine:

PASSAGE 8

Alternative history is generally classified as a type of science fiction, but it also bears some relation to historical fiction. This type of writing describes an imaginary world that is identical to ours up to a certain point in history, but at that point, the two worlds diverge, some important historical event takes place in one world but not in the other, and they go in different directions. Alternative histories might describe words in which the Roman Empire had never fallen, in which the Spanish Amanda had been victorious, or in which the South had won the Civil War. Or they may suppose that some technology had been introduced earlier in the worlds history than actually happened. For example, what interesting because of the way they stimulate the imagination and get them thinking about the phenomenon of cause and effect in history.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Alternative histories describe worlds in which history has taken another course

B. Alternative histories are a type of historical novel

C. Science fiction writes have accurately predicted certain actual scientific developments

New word

Alternative:Diverge:

Stimulate:Phenomenon:

PASSAGE 9

Until the late 1700s, metal couldnt be turned on a lathe to make it uniformly smooth and round. The operator couldnt guide the cutting tool evenly by hand against the turning piece. This problem was solved by David Wilkinson of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. In 1798 he invented a machine in which the cutter was clamped into a moveable slide that could be advanced precisely, by hand crank, parallel to the work. The slide rest, as it came to be called, has many uses. It permits the manufacture of parts so uniform that they can be interchanged. Without is, mass production would not have been possible. As it turns out, the great English machinist Hennry Maudsley developed nearly the same mechanism a few years before, but this was unknown to Wilkinson and doesnt diminish his accomplishment.

1. Why did the author write this passage?

A. To prove that Wilkinsons invention was based on Maudsleys

B. To demonstrate the importance of mass production to American society

C. To show the usefulness of Wilkinsons invention

New word

Lather:Evenly:

Hand crank:Demonstrate:

PASSAGE 10

Almost every form of transportation has given someone the idea for a new type of toy. After the Montgolfier brother flew the first balloon, toy balloons became popular playthings. In the nineteenth century, soon after railroads and steamships were developed, every child had to have model trans and steamboats. The sam held true for automobiles and airplanes in the early twentieth century. Toys rockets and missiles became popular at the beginning of the space age, and by the 1980s, there were many different version of space shuttle toys.

1. The main idea of this passage is that

A. Inventors have been inspired by toys to build new forms of transportation

B. Toy automobiles and airplanes were very popular in the early 1900s

C. Toy design has followed developments in transportation

PASSAGE 11

American folk music originated with ordinary people at a time when the rural population was isolated and music was not yet spread by radio, records, or music videos. It was transmitted by oral tradition and is noted for its energy, humor, and emotional impact. The major source of early American folk song was music from the British Isles, but songs from Africa as well as song of the American Indians have a significant part in its heritage. Later settlers from other countries also contributed songs. In the nineteenth century, composer Steven Foster wrote some of the most enduringly popular of all American songs, which soon became part of the folk tradition. Beginning in the 1930s, Woody Guthric gained great popularity by adapting traditional melodies and lyrics and supplying new ones as well. In the 1950s and 1960s, signer composers such as Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, and joan Baez continued this tradition by creating urban folk music. Many of these songs deal with important social issues, such as racial integration and the war in Vietnam.

1. The primary purpose of this passage is to

A. Explain the oral tradition

B. Contrast the styles of folk musicians

Originate:Transmit:

Impact:Enduringly:

Lyrics:Integration:

PASSAGE 12

Every scientific discipline tens to develop its own special language because it finds ordinary words inadequate, and psychology is no different. The purpose of this special jargon is not to mystify non-psychologists, rather, it allows psychologists to accurately describe the phenomena they are discussing and to communicate with each other effectively. Of course, psychological terminologists use these words somewhat differently. For example, laymen use the term anxiety to mean nervousness or fear, but most psychologists reserve the term to describe a condition produced when one fears events over which one has no control

1. The main topic of this passage is

A. Effective communication

B. The special language of psychology

C. Two definitions of the word anxiety

D. The jargon of science

New word

Discipline:Jargon:

Terminology:Inadequate:

PASSAGE 13

Gifford Pinchot was the first professionally trained forester in the United States. After he graduated from Yale in 1889, he studied forestry in Europe. In the 1890s he managed the forest on the Biltmore estate in North Carolina (now Pisgah National Forest) and conservation was persuading President Theodore Rooverlt to set aside millions of acres in the West as forest reserves. These lands now make up much of the national parks and national forests of the United States. Pinchot became the chief forester of the US Forest Service in 1905. Although he held that post for only five years, he established guidelines that set forest policy for decades to come.

1. The passage primarily deals with

A. Gifford Pinchots work on the Biltmore Estate

B. The practice and theory of scientific forestry

C. The origin of national parks and national forests in the United States

D. The contributions Gifford Pinchot made to American forestry

New word

Forester:Persuade:

Post:Guideline:

PASSAGE 14

Off-Broad-Way theater developed in New York city in about 1950 as a result of dissatisfaction with conditions on Broadway. Its founders believed that Broadway was overly concerned with producing safe, commercially successful hit plays rather than drama with artistic quality. Off-Broadway producers triad to assist playwrights, directors, and performers who could not find work on Broadway. Off-Broad theaters were poorly equipment, has limited seating, and provided few conveniences for audiences. But the originality of the scripts, the creativity of the performers, and the low cost of tickets made up for these disadvantages, and Off-Broadway proposed. However, by the 1960s, costs began to rise, and the 1970s, Off-Broadway theater was encountering many of the difficulties and had lost much of its vitality. With its decline, a experiment movement called Off-Off Broadway theater developed.

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. After initial success, Off-Broadway theater began to decline.

B. Off-Broadway theaters produced many hit commercial plays.

C. Theaters on Broadway were not well equipment.

D. Off Broadway plays were highly creative.

2. The paragraph that follow this passage most likely deals, with

A. The help Off-Broadway producers provided directors, playwrights, and performers

B. Methods Off-Broadway producers provided directors, use to cope with rising prices

C. The development of Off-Broadway theater

D. The decline of Broadway theater

New word

Prosper:Encounter:

Vitality:Decline:

PASSAGE 15

At the time of first European contact, there were from 500 to 700 languages spoken by North American Indians. These were divided into some 60 language families, with no demonstrable genetic relationship among them. Some of these families spread across several of the seven cultural areas. The Algonquin family, for instance, contained dozens of languages and occupied a vast territory. Speakers of Algonquin languages included the Algonquins of the Eastern Woodland, the Blackfoots of the Plains and the Wiyots and Yuroks of California. Other language families, like the Zuni family of the Southwest, occupy only a few square miles of area and contain only a single tribal language.