today: socialization what is human nature? social institutions 3 theories: cooley, goffman, mead...

Today: Socialization What is human nature? Social Institutions 3 theories: Cooley, Goffman, Mead

About Test 1 next class

What is human nature? Social Institutions 3 theories: Cooley, Goffman, Mead

About Test 1 next class

“I can accept failure, everyone fails at something. But I can’t accept not trying.” -Michael Jordan

What is socialization?

Socialization – the process by which we learn the ways of our society.

In other words… how we become who we are

ongoing lifelong process

• Nature vs. Nurture

3

What is Human Nature?What is Human Nature?

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age

Genetic DNAGenetic DNA EnvironmentEnvironment

Which has more impact on who we are?

Feral Children? (wild, raised by animals)

Isolated Children? (lacking human contact)

Institutionalized Children? (children in orphanages)

Deprived Animals? (animals raised without their mother)

What is Human Nature?What is Human Nature?What we have learned from:What we have learned from:

*You may find some of the issues discussed today disturbing/troubling

FERAL CHILDRENWhat makes us human?

Sociologists say being born human is not enough, society makes a human

View the case Oxana Malaya

Demonstrates:human behavior is learned not inborn

Found as an 8-year-old feral in Ukraine 1991. Abandoned at age 3

ISOLATED CHILDREN

Isabelle, as described in Human Society by Kingsley Davis:

• Isabelle was locked in the attic by her grandfather until the age of 6

Found in 1932

Isolated Children • When found unable to speak, thought to be mentally impaired

• In 2 years (at age 8) Isabelle reached the intellectual level

normal for her age and preformed well in school

7

Demonstrates:Human language is not natural but learned

Isolated Children 8

Demonstrates:Children isolated past a certain age, or in certain conditions may not be able to learn language

Genie:

•Found at age 13

•Unable to walk upright, talk

•Was only able to put a few words together

after intense therapy

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN 1930’s many children in orphanages had very low IQ’s Psychologists H.M. Skeels and H.B. Dye observed very

sufficient food and shelter (Iowa)

limited visual stimulation Adult contact limited to

changing of diapers, bathing Fed with propped up bottles

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN Low IQ and special learning needs were considered biological

traits

Skeels and Dye believed the causes might be social (sociological imagination)

Studied 25 infants

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN 13 infants cared for by women with special needs basic needs and also played with and cuddled

Each infant had one adult woman in their life

Infants placed with women with special needs:

Infants who remained in the orphanage

Gained an average of 28 IQ points

Lost an average of 30 IQ points

2 Years Later

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN21 years later



All 13 earned 12th grade education

Had on average a 3rd grade education

5 completed college

4 still lived in institutions

1 went to graduate school

Others held low-level jobs

Demonstrates:humans need affection to develop cognitive skills

DEPRIVED ANIMALS

1958, Psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow investigated the importance of contact

Demonstrates:Bonding occurs through contact

Part 3 :32

Harlow Experiment

All demonstrate that social interaction (society) plays a

role in who we become

14

What is Human Nature?What is Human Nature?What we have learned from:What we have learned from:

WHAT ARE AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION?People, groups, and media that teach us social norms

Influences from all around us

Schooling

Family

Friends

MediaReligion

Which of these agents of socialization do you feel has the strongest influence? Why?

Music, tv, internet

etc.

Government

Schooling Friends

MediaReligion

Extra Credit Opportunity: Which of these agents of socialization do you feel has the strongest influence? Why?

Music, tv, internet

etc.

1. Go to the part of the room matching your choice 2. Take turns sharing why you selected this agent of socialization3. Talk about why the other choices are not as strong4. Select 1-2 people from your group to share, you will have 1 ½

minutes only

Government

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Existed for a long period of time Well established structure Change occurs slowly

PURPOSE : 1. They shape values and beliefs 2. Maintain order3. Help societies to function

Social institutions/Agents of Socialization:

3 SOCIOLOGISTS’ VIEWS ON SOCIALIZATION

1) We use others as mirrors2) Look at their eyes, body language, words to assess ourselves3) We develop a self- concept.

CHARLES HORTON COOLEYLOOKING GLASS SELF

ERVING GOFFMAM DRAMATURGY Noticed a conflict between what we want to do and

what we feel people want us to do

View of social life as a series of dramatic performances (theatre)

ERVING GOFFMAM DRAMATURGYImpression management= actions and statements made to control how others view us

ERVING GOFFMAN DRAMATURGY

Front stage: actor’s performance in front of an audience

A model walking in a run way show

A doctor performing surgery

Someone out on a date

ERVING GOFFMAN DRAMATURGY

Back stage: concealing some of the things that go into the “performance”

Teacher preparing lessons

Role conflict: conflict between 2 different roles you preform

-student and mom

Role strain: conflict within one role

-student taking many classes

ERVING GOFFMAN’S DRAMATURGY

Next class:

Test 1 (Chapters 1-4)

•Come to class on time

•Bring a standard 50 question scantron E-882 and pencil

•Multiple choice, 20 questions

•Study class notes, slides on website, and reading assignments

•Study guide posted on website

Role conflict: conflict between 2 different roles you preform-girlfriend and friend

Role strain: conflict within one role-making the right choice as a friend

ERVING GOFFMANDRAMATURGY

ERVING GOFFMAN’S DRAMATURGY- REAL WORLD CONNECTION

What type of activities will your back stage consist of? What types of activities or statements will your front stage consist of?

Role conflict? Role strain?

It’s your first Thanksgiving with your boyfriend/ girlfriend’s family

GEORGE HERBERT MEADROLE TAKING

Said the human mind is a social product

Children learn to take the role of others

30

Mead’s 3 stages

Stage 1: Imitation•Children under age 3•No sense of self•Imitate others

31

Mead’s 3 stages

Stage 2: Play•Ages 3-6•Play “pretend” others

32

Mead’s 3 stagesStage 3: Games•7+•Team games•Organized play•Learn to take multiple roles

HOW TO STUDY FOR TEST 1

1) Use the study guide on the website!2) Fill out answers3) Master the information4) Test yourself5) Study with a classmate

Next class:

Test 1 (Chapters 1-4)

•Come to class on time

•Bring a standard 50 question scantron E-882 and pencil

•Multiple choice, 20 questions

•Study class notes, slides on website, and reading assignments

•Study guide posted on website

You are a being interviewed for your dream job

ERVING GOFFMAN’SDRAMATURGY-REAL WORLD CONNECTION



You are bride, today is your wedding day




You are running for president of the Sociology club




You are a celebrity being interviewed by Oprah




You are making a presentation to raise money for your non-profit organization




Media

Media

Religion

Religion

School

School

Government

Government

Friends

Friends

FERAL CHILDRENWhat makes us human?

Sociologists say being born human is not enough, society makes a human

View the case Oxana Malaya

Demonstrates:human behavior is learned not inborn

Found as an 8-year-old feral in Ukraine 1991. Abandoned at age 3

ISOLATED CHILDREN

Isabelle, as described in Human Society by Kingsley Davis:

• Isabelle was locked in the attic by her grandfather until the age of 6

• Had regular contact with her mother, a deaf-mute

• Learned to communicate through gestures

Found in 1932

Isolated Children • When found unable to speak

• First thought to be mentally impaired

• After 1 year intense language training had a vocabulary of

2,000 words and spoke in short sentences

• In 2 years (at age 8) Isabelle reached the intellectual level

normal for her age and preformed well in school

47

Demonstrates:Human language is not natural but learned

Isolated Children 48

Demonstrates:Children isolated past a certain age, or in certain conditions may not be able to learn language

Genie:

•Found at age 13

•Unable to walk upright, talk

•Was only able to put a few words together

after intense therapy

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN 1930’s large portion of children in orphanages had very low IQ’s Psychologists H.M. Skeels and H.B. Dye observed very sufficient

food and shelter (Iowa) Babies cribs limited visual

stimulation (no toys or other objects)

Contact with the adults was limited to changing of diapers and bathing by nurses

Fed with propped up bottles

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN Low IQ and special learning needs were considered biological traits

Skeels and Dye believed the causes might be social (sociological imagination)

Studied 25 infants

13 were said to be “severely mentally impaired” and had not been adopted.

Placed in an institution and cared for by women with special learning needs

12 infants left at the orphanage

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN 13 infants cared for by women with special needs received basic

needs but were also played with and cuddled

Each infant had one adult woman in their life concerned about their development and achievements



Gained an average of 28 IQ points

Lost an average of 30 IQ points

2 Years Later

INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN21 years later



All 13 earned 12th grade education

Had on average a 3rd grade education

5 completed college

4 still lived in institutions

1 went to graduate school

Others held low-level jobs

Demonstrates:humans need affection to develop cognitive skills

DEPRIVED ANIMALS

1958, Psychologists Harry and Margaret Harlow investigated the importance of contact

Demonstrates:Bonding occurs through contact

View studyView study part 2

Part 3

Harlow Experiment

SUMMARY

View: How Social Organizations Define A Culture

today: socialization what is human nature? social institutions 3 theories: cooley, goffman, mead...

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