Today, in English…

•Review the Art of Persuasion•Apply content to sample SOL essays

Due: Nothing Yet

Day 2 – 11/6Copy the four phrases below into your journal, then use

the word bank to correctly label each writer’s purpose.

1. _____________ to tell a story2. _____________ to convince someone to do something3. _____________ to explain/inform how to do something4. _____________ to stir emotion and appeal to the

reader’s 5 senses

Power-Up!

BANK: Descriptive Narrative Expository Persuasive

Narrative

Persuasive

Expository

Descriptive

The Art of Rhetorical

Persuasion

The basics of The basics of persuasion and persuasion and

argument argument essentialsessentials

L.J. Palma© 2014 www.buildingperception.com

3 forms of rhetoric, or ways to appeal to listeners, as defined by Greek philosopher Aristotle

Ethos Definition: convincing the reader by

establishing the credibility of the author Example: You’re giving a speech on how bad

the temperature fluctuation is in the classrooms. You appeal to ethos by stating that you are a student who sits in those classrooms for seven hours a day.

Does the audience respect you? Trust you? Believe you are an authority on the subject?

Logos Definition: persuading through the use of

effective reasoning Example: "The dropout rate for Hispanic males

is the highest, 23%, while only 6% for whites. Hispanics males are more likely to drop out than white males.“

Does your message make sense? Is it based on facts, statistics, and evidence? Do you reason out your argument for the audience?

Pathos Definition: persuading by appealing to the

reader’s emotions Example: A woman in favor of social welfare

explains why: the look in a mother’s face when she cannot feed her children.

What kind of feelings do your words evoke? What kind of reaction do you hope to get from your audience?

Shorthand Version Ethos: the source's credibility, the

speaker's/author's authority Logos: the logic used to support a claim

(induction and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument.

Pathos: the emotional or motivational appeals; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details.

Argument Definition: when a writer creates a series of

persuasive details to support his or her claim

In an argument, an author tries to convince1 others of his or her opinion.•The argument is made up of claims2 that support the author’s opinion. •An author uses reasons and evidence to support the claims.oReasons are statements that explain the claim. oEvidence are facts3 that prove the claim.

1 make someone agree2 statements of belief3 things that can be proven

1 make someone agree2 statements of belief3 things that can be proven

• The argument is made up of claims3 that support the author’s opinion. • An author uses reasons and evidence to support the claims.o Reasons are statements that explain the claim. o Evidence are facts4 that prove the claim.

Author’s Argument

Opinion:

Kecoughtan High School should continue to allow junk food to be sold on campus.Reason:

Banning the sale of junk food would not reduce the amount of junk food on campus.

Explanation:•If the school stops selling junk food, students will just bring it from home.

Evidence:•Our class conducted a school-wide survey, and 80% of students said they would pack junk food in their lunch, if it was not sold at school.

Claim Definition: (opinion) the position a

writer takes on an issue Example: Kecoughtan High School

should continue to allow junk food to be sold on campus.

Reasons Definition: statements that explain

why an author has a certain opinion

Example: Banning the sale of junk food would not reduce the amount of junk food on campus.

EvidenceDefinition: information authors use

to support claim: facts, statistics, examples, opinions/quotes from expert

Example: If KHS banned the sale of junk food, students would simply bring junk food from home.

Statistics Definition: a numerical fact or

datum, especially one computed from a sample

Example: According to a survey, 80% of students said they would pack junk food in their lunch, if it was not sold at school

Credible Definition: when a source is

capable of being believed Example: see Ethos

Generalization Definition: broad statement about

something Example: All students would

simply bring junk food from home to school.

Denotation Definition: the dictionary

definition of a word; exact meaning

Example: Obese means excessive storage and accumulation of body fat.

Connotation Definition: the implied, emotional

meaning of a word reflecting its use in a society or era

Example: Obese means huge, unhealthy, very negative

Loaded words Definition: words that have

emotional connotations like good, bad, beautiful, ugly

Example: From a social perspective, gluttony is bad.

Counterclaim Definition: the opposing side of

the argument Example : Others believe that

KHS should stop selling junk food because it promotes obesity among students.

Anchor Papers

Let’s analyze some sample SOL persuasive essays like what you are required to write in 3.5 months.

Underline with colors: Blue: Claim/OpinionGreen: ReasonRed: Evidence

Anchor A-12 What is the author’s claim? What is the author’s first reason? What evidence does the author

give for the first reason?

Anchor A-12 What is the author’s second

reason? What evidence does the author

give for the second reason?

Anchor A-12 What is the author’s third

reason? What evidence does the author

give for the third reason What is the counterclaim?

Today, in English…

•Review the Art of Persuasion•Apply content to sample SOL essays

HW: Nothing Yet