to study the product differentiation on sea …

www.wjpps.com │ Vol 9, Issue 12, 2020. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │

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Chand et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

TO STUDY THE PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION ON SEA

BUCKTHORN PRODUCT

Sandeep Chand*1, Vani Juyal

1 and Dr. Abhishek Dadhich

2

1Bachelors of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences

and Research University, New Delhi.

2Assistant Professor, School of Allied Health Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences

and Research University, New Delhi.

ABSTRACT

Product differentiation is a strategy followed by companies to

distinguish their products as unique from the rivals. This strategy is

helpful to increase sale and profit. The companies differentiate their

product based on various attributes such as quality, price, services,

packaging, etc. to reap financial profit and consumers’ fidelity. Sea

Buckthorn, which produces Vitamin C in abundance, is known for its

therapeutic values in increasing immunity in human being, preventing

and treating cancer, eye problems, skin problems, etc. Taking Sea

Buckthorn oil for a factual study on product differentiation, a

secondary research to evaluate various attributes including extraction

process, quality certification, pack size, types, forms, promotion, etc.

was accomplished. A comparison in respect to various distinct

attributes between the five brands were represented in a tabular illustration and each key

feature was identified and analysed. Thus, it was concluded that few products required to be

innovated in terms of types, forms, and packaging whereas, a few products required to reduce

the prices to attract more consumers.

KEYWORDS: PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION; SEA BUCKTHORN OIL; PRODUCT

ATTRIBUTES; CONSUMERS.

WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 9, Issue 12, 1142-1157 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

*Corresponding Author

Sandeep Chand

Bachelors of Pharmacy,

School of Pharmaceutical

Sciences, Delhi

Pharmaceutical Sciences

and Research University,

New Delhi.

Article Received on

01 October 2020,

Revised on 21 October 2020,

Accepted on 11 Nov. 2020

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps202012-17797


1143


INTRODUCTION WITH THE RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

OMEGA -3, VITAMIN C AND SEA BUCKTHORN

According to the survey report of the "Consumer usage and Reasons for using Dietary

Supplements: Report of a series of survey" (2014) by the Journal of the American College of

Nutrition, Vitamin or mineral supplement were used by 67% of all respondents in 2011.[1]

Among the supplement users, multivitamins were the most commonly used supplement

(71%), followed by Omega-3 or fish oil (33%), Vitamin C (32%) and others.[1]

Overall,

health and wellness (58%) and need to fill nutrient gaps in diet (42%) were the most often

cited reasons for supplementation.[1]

Consequently, users of supplement were more likely to

confirm that they incorporated eating a balanced diet, visited doctors regularly, got a good

night's sleep, exercised regularly and maintained a healthy weight unlike the non-users.[1]

In this current study, keeping in mind the current Immunity scenario (COVID-19 Pandemic)

the product chosen is Sea buckthorn, (Hippophe rhamnoides).[2]

It is a deciduous shrub,

naturally growing in various temperate regions of the world which has several health,

nutraceutical, medicinal, ecological as well as commercial benefits.[2]

SBT miracle berry

containing 190 bioactive compounds is rich in powerful antioxidants, fatty acids and Omegas

3,6,9 and even the rare Omega 7, and comes packed with approximately 400mg/100g amount

pf Vitamin C content.[2]

For supplement use, various parts of SBT, mainly berries, leaves and

seeds are used, SBT health supplement is available in seaberry oil, pulls, capsules, tea and

juice forms.[2]

This project focuses on SBT oil capsule supplement specifically.

With the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic situation prevailing all parts of the world and with

scientists all over relentlessly working to find a treatment, it has been observed that the major

role in protecting a person who contracts the virus and is asymptomatic or exhibits mild,

moderate or severe symptoms is related to his previous health status, and in-built immunity

plays a major role in it. Sea buckthorn supplement's one of the many benefits is to strengthen

the user's immunity accompanied with a balanced diet.

With Burgeon in the Sea Buckthorn Oil products in the world, every next day a new brand

gets established with a motive to hold the ground in a competitive market, be it segmented or

not. The major companies like Seabuckwonders, Biosash, Sibu, Vringra, Inlife and many

more, are in a neck and neck competition in Indian markets to reach the consumers, any way

possible. After studying the key attributes of Seabuckwonders’s oil and oils from other Sea


1144


Buckthorn Oil selling brands on the basis of various attributes, the products of various brands

were differentiated and analysed.

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

VITAMIN-C CONTENT: SEABUCKTHORN

The primary vitamin in Sea Buckthorn berries is vitamin C containing values of

approximately 400 mg/100 g. Given below is a list of different species of Sea Buckthorn,

their provenance and the amount of Vitamin C content found in the Juice obtained from it[3]

:

Fig. No.2.1 “Different species of Sea Buckthorn Oils”

Source: Vitamin C content in Sea Buckthorn Oil (Hippophae rhamnoides) of different

species, Research and Biotechnology in Sea Buckthorn Oil (Hippophae spp.), Research Gate,

2008.

PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION

Product differentiation embraces the eyeballs of audience to pay for a product. Accordingly two

types of differentiation can be studied from Lancaster’s concept of product space (Lancaster 1971

and 1979); that are namely Horizontal (variety) Differentiation and Vertical (Quality)

Differentiation.[4]

In Horizontal differentiation, tastes vary across the population, resulting in a

distribution of individual ideal characteristic levels, whereas in the case of Vertical

differentiation, all consumers agree that more of a characteristic is better, but they vary

according to their willingness to pay for this characteristic.[4]


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From the study conducted by Hostelling (1929) and d'Asprement et al. (1979), itd apparent that

two forces determine the location equilibrium; a demand force which draws the firms together

and a strategic force which causes the firms to differentiate.[5]

These forces can be consequently

applied to the vertical differentiation case as well. Product Equilibrium is determined by

simultaneously comparing different firm's most profitable product position, subject to the

competitor’s position, in all relevant demand regions.[5]

Under all conditions, one of the possible product equilibria exhibits MaxMin Product

Differentiation. In addition, when the range of x characteristics equals the range of y

characteristics, MaxMin differentiation is presenting both possible equilibria.[6]

Hence, this

equilibrium is considered as the "normal" case. MaxMin is the spirit of de Palma et al. (1985),

who suggested that firms will agglomerate provided that the products are different on other

dimensions, and thus it can be inferred that both firms would want to have the highest quality, but

because of the strategic force, only one firm will be able to locate there.[6]

Firm that is not able to

select the top-quality position differentiate its products by selecting the minimum quality on only

one dimension due to the demand force.[6]

This choice would reduce price competition and at the

same time help maintain a sufficiently high quality for the differentiating firm's product to appeal

to a number of consumers.[6]

IMPACT OF PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES

R.K. Shrivastavam, and Sadhna Wagh, in their research study "Factor impacting consumer

purchase behaviour for pharmaceutical products", described that along with direct to consumer

advertising (DTCA), labels, packing, size, colour, ingredients, shape, availability, product image,

authenticity, quality, safety, etc. there are some important parameters to be considered other than

price while purchasing an OTC productp.[7]

The researchers received 300 responses through a

random sample technique for analysing the factors influencing the consumer's perception on

buying OTC product.[7]

The first stage of their study mined that packaging, safety, colour, size,

flavour, availability, brand name, price, and quality have a factor of loading of 0.822, 0.703, 0.89,

0.670, 0.617, 0.811, 0.789, 0.818 and 0.564, respectively.[2]

Thus, they concluded that these

factors play a significant role in purchasing an OTC Product.[7]

R.K. Shrivastava, and Aarti T. Mote in their research study “Some aesthetic considerations for

over the counter (OTC) pharmaceutical products” investigated that consumer’s perception for

product’s colour, shape and taste while purchasing an OTC product. People belonging to different

age group, religion, genders, age, etc respond differently to the attributes of various OTC


1146


products.[8]

The researcher carried out the both primary and secondary research, where 600

participants from 3 major cities (Mumbai, Nasik, and Igatpuri) participated in their survey as a

primary research. Four purchasing scenarios were assigned to them, that are, colour, shape,

texture, and packaging.[8]

In their study they found that 75% opted colour as memory tag for

compliance.[8]

Under simulation 15% male and 13% female preferred Pink and orange colour

respectively.[8]

Dr. Abhishek Dadhich, and Kavaldeep investigated consumer’s perception as well as behaviour

while selecting an OTC product on the basis of various attributes through their research

“Consumer Collection and Buying behaviour towards the Over the Counter (OTC) products in

the Jaipur city.[9]

The researchers aimed to find the various influencing factors responsible for

consumer’s brand of choice for OTC product.[9]

The researchers through their survey and

interviews involving 100 participants found out that package, dosage, and price at 10.6%, 16.9%,

11.9% respectively were the factors for considering an OTC medicine.[9]

Moreover, 58%

consumers in the research responded to purchase the same brand from which 17 consumers

prioritized quality as a reason for this loyalty.[9]

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1. To study product differentiation by taking SeaBuckwonder as the reference product.

2. To differentiate different brands selling Sea Buckthorn Oil products from each other on

various attributes.

3. To analyse the shortcoming of Sea Buckthorn products after studying the Sea

Buckthorns’ product differentiation.

METHODS AND METHODOLOGY

Method: secondary research

The present study contains information gathered from various journals, including literature

reviews and articles, online published articles, published interviews, books and articles from

authentic websites.

Official and authentic websites of the various Sea Buckthorn Oil brands were browsed to

explore a plethora of attributes on which the brands differentiate their products from their

rivals.


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Product Selection

For this study, a total of 5 brands of Sea Buckthorn Oil were selected, out of which

Seabuckwonders' oils was chosen as the reference. The other brands include Biosash,

Vringra, and InLife, which are indigenous (INDIAN) and local whereas SIBU and

Seabuckwonders are US origin-based brands.

For comparison of the attributes with each other, this study depended on the information

captured from the official websites of these brands and to access more about prices and

promotion attributes, e-commerce platform was also referred to.

Method of Analysis

For a better comparison of different brands' products based on differentiation and their

attributes, tabular representation was done to keep the presentation easy to comprehend and

more organized. The attributes studied and mentioned in this study are namely, extraction

process, forms, types, quality, pack size, administration, durability, nutrition, promotion, and

prices.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

SEA BUCKWONDERS

Seabuckwonders is an international company popular for high-quality USDA certified Sea

Buckthorn Oil extracts in all its products.

1. Process

Supercritical CO2 Process

Supercritical CO2 method is one of the best methods practiced by SeaBuckwonder to extract

omega-7 rich oil from the berries. In this state-of-the-art process, CO2 in its supercritical state

is passed through plant material and is cooled down at 30 degrees Celsius.[10]

It changed from

gas to supercritical state which is a state between liquid and gas when pressurized.[10]

Thus,

all the important nutrients are extracted as it passes throughout the plants. The extracted

materials are the cleanest and make the purest oil.[10]


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2. Quality Certification

i. Sustainable Harvest

The company claims of pruning off all the sections of branches with the most berries because

of the thorny structure of the plant.[11]

This keeps the tree healthy and stimulates the regrowth

of the branches. They harvest from ten same trees every two years.[11]

ii. Co2 extraction

The company uses the most commendable way of extraction of oils from seas in the purest

form. This extraction method is not only eco-friendly but also protects the important

properties of extracts.[11]

The CO2 is forced in its supercritical state throughout is raw plant

material. The supercritical fluid is the condition of a substance where above its critical point

it does not exist either as a gas or as a liquid.[11]

The wild products have acquired various certifications to ensure the quality, purity, and

efficacy of products. These certifications are:

iii. USDA Certification

Seabuckwonders has claimed for having Organic Sea Buckthorn and its extracts its product

and the proof is the United State department of agriculture certification10

.

iv. Non- GMO Project certification

This third party provides certification to all the non-genetically modified foods and products

to meet the consumer's expectations and standards.[10]

v. GF Certification

The gluten-free certification ensures the consumers and customers that the products do not

contain any portion of gluten.[10]

vi. Ashley Koff Certification

Sea Buckwonder oil products are also approved by Ashley Koff which is a stamp of quality

nutrition and dietary need.[10]

vii. OK Koshler Certification

Sea Buckthorn Oil has got approval from the rabbinic agency which verify the ingredients,

facility and actual production to ensure no trace of kosher substance (bible law).[10]


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3. Size

There are two different volume sizes are available:

a) 0.45 fl.oz (13.3 ml)[10]

b) 1.76 fl.oz (52 ml)[10]

4. Types

Seabuckwonder manufactures and markets 2 different types of oils that come from the same

plant. Although, they both possess different tastes, smells, colours, and applications. They

can be used together for synergistic effects.[11]

i) Sea Buckthorn Berry oil

Fig. No. 5.1 “SBT berry” Source: Products, Seabuckwonders, 2020. [Accessed on 8 May

2020]. Retrieved from: https://www.seabuckwonders.com/collections/all

These orange colour berries with botanical taste have high Omega 7 contents maintains

digestive health, cellular health, and mucus membranes in the body.[10]

Berry oil is highly

advantageous for chronic dryness illness and digestive problems. Although it can be added to

smoothies or other foods.[10]

Moreover, it can help in reducing scars eczema and psoriasis

through topical application.[10]

ii) Sea Buckthorn Seed Oil

Fig. No. 5.2 “SBT Seed” Source: Products, Seabuckwonders, 2020 [Accessed on 8 May


This nutty-flavoured oil is bright yellow and has an abundant quantity of omega-3. This

should be used daily to support overall health because it provides all necessary fatty acids and

https://www.seabuckwonders.com/collections/all



1150


has approx. the ration of 1:1 against Omega 3: 6.[10]

It is not used only for immunity healthy

inflammation response but also for supporting hearth and liver health.[10]

It contains superoxide di mutase which is the strongest known antioxidant. Seed oil is can be

used internally as well as topically.[10]

5. Forms

Seabuckwonders and generated various modes for their application. There are diverse oils

that had been converted into different forms. Some of such forms in terms of product lines

are:

Sea Buckthorn Oil blend omega-7 complete[10]

Sea Buckthorn Seed oil berry dropper[10]

Sea Buckthorn berry oil dropper[10]

Sea Buckthorn seed Oil Seed Soft gel[10]

Fig. No. 5.3 “Seabuckwonders oil products” Source: Products, Seabuckwonders, 2020

[Accessed on 8 May 2020]. Retrieved from: https://www.seabuckwonders.com/collections/all

6. Ingredients

Table No. 5.1 “Nutritional value in Berry oil and Seed oil”

Types of oil Nutritional Value

Beery Oil

Omega 7 - 32-38%

Omega 9 - 25- 38%

Omega 6 – 4 – 6%

Omega 3- 2-4%

Seed oil

Omega 3 -31-36%

Omega 6 – 32-37%

Omega 9- 20-25%



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Fig. No. 5.4 “Berry oil” Fig. No. 5.5 “Seed oil”

Source: Products, Seabuckwonders, 2020 [Accessed on 8 May 2020]. Retrieved from:


7. Durability

Seed oil

This product projects to give 360 mg of Omega 3 in one serving.

Serving size is 1 ml which is having approximately 35 drops

Total serving is 30, this product has the potential of 10800mg omegas.

One small bottle can last for 17 days.

Berry oil

This product projects to give 360 mg of Omega-7 in one serving.

Serving size is 1 ml which is having approximately 35 drops

Total serving is 30, this product has the potential of 10800mg omega.

One small bottle can last for 17 days.

8. Application and Administration

Sea Buckthorn Oil is one of its kind, which can be administered or used internally as well as

externally. The Product lines of SeaBuckwonder are used for common goals through a variety

of modes.

Ingestion

A) Dropper Bottle Oil extracts- few drops can be sprinkled over the smoothies, salads,

Sauces, or any other food.

B) Soft Gel Oil Extract – An alternative to the direct consumption of oil, this soft gel extract

can be ingested in the form of a capsule.



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Topical Use

To deal with oil's temporary skin tanning, the products which are used for greater penetration

into the skin are

A) Cream

B) lotion

*dropper bottle extracts and Soft gel oil can also be used topically on cuts or wounds.

Other topical ways

A few drops of Sea Buckthorn Oil would be proven to wonder if they are added to the

following products for usage-

Shaving Cream,

Shampoo

Conditioner

Mouthwash

10. Price

The SeaBuckwonders products which highly dominate in the market with Sea Buckthorn

Oil through price range from Rs.1200-Rs.3775 /-.[10]

The two oils, seed oil, and berry oil have a huge margin in terms of price, the 13.3 ml

berry oil cost around Rs.1200 whereas 52 ml cost around Rs. 2649. The seed oil also

costs for Rs.2649.[10]

Cost prices of Oil blend and oil soft gel are Rs.2264 and Rs.2649 respectively.[10]

11. Promotion

The DIY kit offers seed oil and berry oil, together with 20% off on a cost price of $110.94

on its official website and stores.

On amazon. in, the berry oil is being sold out at Rs.4190 rather than at its original price

which is Rs.9099.

2. Comparison

After considering Seabuckwonders oil as reference product, comparison of four other brands

(B, C, D, E) against each other to analyse what uniqueness each product offers to the

consumers was done. Carrying the same data in the survey form, the responses were

recorded. Here, brand A is Seabuckwonders, and Brand B, Brand C, Brand D, and Brand E

are Bio Sash, Vringra, SIBU, and Inlife respectively.


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Table No.- 5.2 “Comparison of Seabuckwonders oil product against other brands

products based on product differentiation.”

Attributes/

Brands Brand A

[10] Brand B Brand C

[17] Brand D

[15] Brand E

[18]

Extraction

Process

Co2 Supercritical

extraction - -

C02 supercritical

extraction -

Quality

1. USDA

2. NON-GMO

3. PETA

4. GLUTEN-FREE

5 ASHLEY KOFF

6. OK KOSHLER

7. QUALITY

TESTED

1.NABL

1.ISO

2.FSSAI

3.NACCP

4.GMP

5.KOSHER

1. USDA

2. NON-

3. GMO

4. PETA

5. GLUTEN-

FREE

5.QUALITY

TESTED

1.GMP

Types 1. Seed oil

2. Berry oil - 1.Fruit Oil

1. Seed oil

2. Fruit oil 1. Fruit oil

Forms

1. Oil Blend

2 Seed oil Soft gel

3. Oil droppers

4. Face Mask

1.Capsules 2.Capsules

1. Soft Gels

2. Seed Oil

3. BulkOil-seed

and fruit

1. 2-piece hard-

shelled capsule

Nutrition

1. Seed oil Soft Gel -

Omega 3, 6, 9, Vit. E

2. BerryOil- Omega 7,

9, 6, 3

3. Seed oil- Omega

3, 6, 9

4. Oil Blend – Omega

3, 6, 7, 9.

1. Omega 3,

7 and 9

1. Omega

3,6,7,9

Vitamin A and

E

1. Soft Gel Omega

3, 6,7 and 9

2. Bulk oil-

Omega 7

1. Omega 3,

6, 7, 9

Other

ingredients:

HPMC

Colour 171,

110, 122

Packing size

1. SoftGel–60

and 120 capsules

pack

2. Seed and berry

oils- 13.3 ml, 52

ml

1. 30

Capsules

packs

1.60 capsules

pack

1. Soft Gels-90

capsules pack.

2. Seed oil-10ml,

30 ml

3. Bulk oil

(118ml, 236ml,

473ml)

1.30 Capsule

pack

Durability

1. Soft Gel and

Blend – 30 days.

2. Oils -45-110

days (13.3 ml)

1110 days (110 ml)

-

- 1.Soft gels -45 days

-

Price

1. Berry oil –

Rs.1200, Rs.2649/-

2. Seed oil –

Rs.2649/-

3. Oil blend –

Rs.2264, Rs.3775.

4. Oil soft gels -

Rs.1800 Rs. 995/-

1.Capsule – Rs.2639

2.Seed oil – Rs.1100,

& Rs.2639

3.Bulk oil

A) Seed oil- Rs.6000,

Rs.9800, Rs.15000

B) Fruit oil- Rs.3700,

Rs.1260/-


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Rs.2649 Rs.6797, Rs.12000

Promotion

1. The DIY kit

offers 20% off.

2. On amazon.in,

the berry oil

Rs.4190

1. The

reward of

consistency

of worth

3000 DP free

product

1. Rs.64%

Off on

Flipkart

Avail at

Rs.349 with

a free hand

sanitizer

1. Soft Gel –

3months supply for

Rs.2600

2. Subscribe and

Get 30% off on an

official website

1. Free

nutrition

consultation.

2. 3% on

pre-paid

orders

3. Avail. at

Rs.705.78 on

the official

website.

(-) Indicates not available or not mentioned on the product and sources.

DISCUSSION

After differentiating all the five brands in a tabular form, it was observed that every brand has

something unique but some limitations as well. Brand A was found to be unique as it has

mentioned a variety of quality certifications, types, forms, durability options, and detailed the

extraction process but it was costly and did not provide some exciting offers in terms of

promotion and marketing. Brand B suffered from various limitations such as it has only

NABL as quality certification, with no evidence of extraction process, durability and types

but, it was found to be a bit pocket friendly than other products. Brand C which was found to

be the cheapest than all and offered various discounts even though it has various quality

certifications. The limitation this study found was that the brand did not mention extraction

process and durability of its product. The Brand D was unique with its features but the price

of the product was too high for a normal person to purchase in developing countries.

Whereas, the Brand E was found to be affordable with and even without the discounts and

promotions it offered. The limitation included the lack of information regarding extraction

process, quality certifications, etc.

CONCLUSION

After gauging all the features and attributes while differentiating the Sea Buckthorn Oil

products (Brand A, B, C, D and E), it was concluded that Brand A and D had various features

in respect to quality certifications, forms, types, etc. but they were not affordable for common

people living, especially in developing countries. Whereas, Brand B and Brand E were

cheaper, but they did not have quality certifications, extraction process data, and needed more

innovation in terms of types, forms, packaging, etc to gain the trust of consumers. Last but

not the least, the Brand C had required number of quality certifications, cheaper prices,

offered various discounts but, it required more innovation in respect to packaging, types,


1155


forms, etc. Thus, this study would be helpful for diet supplement and OTC market/industry to

reach more consumers through their products with unique-innovative attributes, and

affordable prices.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are thankful to Chinari Sameer kumar for the guidance and Prachi Pallavi for her

help during this study.

FUNDING

The authors did not receive any funding for this project.

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from: https://www.sibu.com/products/organic-sea-berry-buckthorn-

oil?variant=281101929659470


from:https://www.sibu.com/products/bulk-sea-buckthorn-oil-hippophae-

rhamnoides?variant=281101930183758


from: https://www.sibu.com/products/omega-7-sea-buckthorn-oil

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1348004

https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBT.2010.0366

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abhishek_Dadhich/publication/324208545_Consumer_Selection_and_Buying_Behaviour_Towards_Over_the_Counter_OTC_Medicine_in_Jaipur_City/links/5ac4a7a6aca27218eabc5f64/Consumer-Selection-and-Buying-Behaviour-Towards-Over-the-Counter-OTC-Medicine-in-Jaipur-City.pdf





https://www.seabuckwonders.com/pages/omega-7-sources-extraction

https://www.seabuckwonders.com/pages/omega-7-sources-extraction

https://www.seabuckwonders.com/pages/sea-buckthorn-best-omega-7

https://www.sibu.com/

https://www.sibu.com/products/organic-sea-berry-buckthorn-oil?variant=28551929659470

https://www.sibu.com/products/organic-sea-berry-buckthorn-oil?variant=28551929659470

https://www.sibu.com/products/bulk-sea-buckthorn-oil-hippophae-rhamnoides?variant=28551930183758

https://www.sibu.com/products/bulk-sea-buckthorn-oil-hippophae-rhamnoides?variant=28551930183758

https://www.sibu.com/products/omega-7-sea-buckthorn-oil


1157


17. Vringra. c2020. Vringra Ultra Pure Sea Buckthorn Oil (60 Capsules). [Online]. [Accessed

on 10 May 2020]. Retrieved from: https://vringra.com/product/vringra-ultra-pure-sea-

buckthorn-60-capsules/

18. Inlife Pharma Pvt Ltd. c2020. INLIFE™ Sea Buckthorn Oil Oil Omega 3 6 7 9 Fatty

Acids Supplement, 1100mg (30 Veg Capsules). [Online]. [Accessed on 17 May 2020].

Retrieved from: https://www.inlifehealthcare.com/shop/sea-buckthorn-oil-capsules/

19. Amazon. c1996-2020. INLIFE Sea Buckthorn Oil Seed Oil (500mg) Omega 3,6,7,9-30

Vegetarian Capsules Supplement. [Online]. [Accessed on 13 June 2020]. Retrieved from:

https://www.amazon.in/Inlife-Sea-buckthorn-Seed-Supplement/dp/B00HSEBRXK

20. Flipkart explore plus. c2007-2020. Vringra Sea Buckthorn Oil Capsules - Sea Buckthorn

Oil Powder - Sea Buckthorn Oil Oil (Pack Of 3) (60 Tablets). [Online]. [Accessed on 13

June 2020]. Retrieved from: https://www.flipkart.com/vringra-sea-buckthorn-capsules-

powder-oil-pack-3/p/itm19aa01a745bbc

https://vringra.com/product/vringra-ultra-pure-sea-buckthorn-60-capsules/

https://vringra.com/product/vringra-ultra-pure-sea-buckthorn-60-capsules/

https://www.inlifehealthcare.com/shop/sea-buckthorn-oil-capsules/

https://www.amazon.in/Inlife-Sea-buckthorn-Seed-Supplement/dp/B00HSEBRXK

https://www.flipkart.com/vringra-sea-buckthorn-capsules-powder-oil-pack-3/p/itm19aa01a745bbc

https://www.flipkart.com/vringra-sea-buckthorn-capsules-powder-oil-pack-3/p/itm19aa01a745bbc

to study the product differentiation on sea …

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