to glass & metalso, the goal is to maximize daylight, while mini-mizing discomfort, and window...

Architects’GuideTO GLASS & METAL

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Volume 24 • Issue 6 November/December 2010

Pittsburgh’sGlassyTransformation

A Publication of Key Communications Inc.

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©2010 by Key Communications Inc. All rights reserved. The Architects’ Guide to Glass and Metal is published 6 times per year by Key Communications Inc., 385 Garrisonville Road, Suite 116, Stafford,VA 22554; 540/720-5584; fax 540/720-5687. Advertising offices listed at right. Unsolicited manuscripts and other materials will not be returned unless accompanied by a self-addressed, stamped enve-lope. All contents are ©2010 by Key Communications Inc. Neither publisher nor its representatives nor its subcontractors assume liability for errors in text, charts, advertisements, etc. and suggestappropriate companies be contacted before specifications or use of products advertised or included in editorial materials. Views and opinions expressed by authors are not necessarily those of the pub-lisher. For permission to reprint, contact editorial office. Printed in the U.S. No reproduction permitted without expressed written permission of the publisher. Questions? Call 540/720-5584. Send sub-scription inquiries to Key Communications Inc., P.O. Box 569, Garrisonville, VA 22463.


6Departments and Columns

2 FROM THE EDITOR

4 METAL MATTERS

10 NEW PRODUCTS

12 AIA CONTINUING EDUCATION UPDATE

Volume 24, Issue 6,November/December2010

Editorial BoardThe members of the Architects’ Guide to Glass & Metal Editorial Board are:Michael D. Flynn, partner, Pei Cobb Freed & PartnersJerri Smith, senior associate principal, Kohn Pedersen FoxJim W. Sealy, principal, J.W. Sealy ConsultingChristopher Barry, manager architectural technical services,Pilkington North AmericaTony Kamber, national architectural manager, Arch Aluminum& Glass

On the Cover

3 PNC Plaza is oneof the first newbuildings constructedin downtownPittsburgh in 20years. Designed byGensler, glass andglazing details werecritical to the build-ing’s aesthetics andperformance. Turn topage 6 to read more.Photo credit: Bruce Damonte.

Re-Birth: 6Completely changing Pittsburgh’s skyline,glass played a key part in the constructionof the city’s newest structure.

CONTENTS

10








Editor Ellen RogersExtension 118 • [email protected]

Contributing Charles CumpstonEditors Extension 0 • [email protected]

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Assistant Megan HeadleyEditor Extension 114 • [email protected]

Katie HodgeExtension 0 • [email protected]

Managing Erin HarrisEditor Extension 130 • [email protected] Chris BunnDirectors Extension 132 • [email protected]

Dawn CampbellExtension 150 • [email protected]

Exhibit Tina CzarManager Extension 115 • [email protected] Holly BillerDirector Extension 123 • [email protected] Ally CurranAssistant Extension 133 • [email protected] Janeen MulliganRelations Mgr. Extension 112 • [email protected] Bryan HoveyDeveloper Extension 125 • [email protected] Debra A. Levy

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F r o m t h e E d i t o r

Ellen Rogers

when it comes to architectural design trends (par-ticularly those involving glass) one that we heartalk of quite often is daylighting. Daylighting is thepractice of using natural light to illuminate build-ing spaces; it brings indirect, natural light into thebuilding and reduces the need for electric lighting,while connecting occupants to the outdoors.

However, successful daylighting design alsobrings with it a number of considerations; no onewants to work around excessive glare or heat, right?

So, the goal is to maximize daylight, while mini-mizing discomfort, and window placement is essen-tial. South- and north-facing windows, as an exam-ple, enhance daylighting, as they offer relatively sta-ble daylight conditions throughout the day.

Also a consideration, daylight does not typicallyspread its benefits across a building. For example,those near a window may receive an abundance ofdaylight, while those further away often go without.What to do? Skylights or light tubes can help illu-minate central areas of a top floor; vertical façadescan benefit from light shelves integrated into thewindow system or horizontal louvers that redirectdaylight to the ceiling and deep into the interior.

There are also a variety of glass types that canbe helpful. These can include insulating glasswith thermal performance features and low-Ecoatings that reflect infrared thermal radiationbut look clear. In addition, advanced glazingoptions, such as dynamic electrochromic glass,can be adjusted to either a clear or tinted statewith the push of a button.

While daylighting may still be a relatively newconcept, it is growing as a design trend—not sur-prising since so many people have a desire to con-nect with the outdoors and even more want toreduce their use of electric lighting.

Here at the Architects’ Guide to Glass & Metalwe’d like to know how often you design build-ings with daylighting in mind. Or, is daylight-ing a completely new concept for you? Feel freeto e-mail me your thoughts, comments andexperiences on working with daylighting. Also,be on the lookout for a future issue where wewill take a more in-depth look at designing withdaylighting in mind. AG

Lighten Up

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the discussion about the thermal performance offenestration has moved beyond yesteryear’s debateover the thermal properties of a product’s predomi-nant framing material. Today’s highly engineeredprofiles take maximum advantage of an assemblageof components of various materials to optimize allaspects of thermal performance. The key elementsof this are minimizing heat conduction betweenthe interior and exterior (as measured by the U-fac-tor) and optimizing solar heat gain (as expressed bythe Solar Heat Gain Coefficient [SHGC]).

Note that the proper term is optimizing, notminimizing SHGC. While energy use in commer-cial buildings is typically dominated by coolingloads that dictate a lower SHGC, buildings innorthern climates can benefit from higherSHGCs to offset thermal transmittance losses.

Thermal Performance ContributorsAside from green scoring systems, energy-spe-

cific rating systems and energy codes, specifiers(and others) should be aware of the specific physi-cal attributes that contribute to maximum ther-mal performance.

1. Insulating glass unit (IGU): Double glazing iswell-recognized as a key means to minimize U-factor;

2. Gas fill: Replacing the “dead air” within IGunits with an inert gas, such as Argon or Krypton,further reduces heat flow;

3. Warm-edge spacers: This technology upgradesthe more traditional metal spacers to material thatreduces heat flow around the edges of IG units andalso reduces the tendency for condensation to formaround the perimeter of the glass;

4. Low-E glazing: These glass coatings havebeen shown to reduce solar heat gain and the lossof internal heat via re-radiation. This solution canbe fine-tuned for heating-dominant or cooling-dominant climates by varying the IGU surface towhich the coating is applied;

5. Tinted or reflective glazing: Especially viable inhot, southern or southwestern climates, this is a well-known option for reducing unwanted solar heat gain;

6. Thermal barriers: For commercial applica-tions, aluminum is commonly used due to itsinherent structural strength and light weight.

Aluminum’s naturally high thermal conductivityhas been largely overcome by advanced thermalbarrier technology; and

7. Effective sealing and weatherstripping: Airleakage around frame and sash members can workagainst all other energy-conserving solutions.Reasonably tight construction and effective weather-stripping will do the job, but its application mustnot unduly increase operating force.

Added BenefitsMinimizing thermal transmission also carries the

added benefit of minimizing the tendency to formcondensation. In commercial facilities, condensa-tion resistance can be an important factor in thebuilding’s functionality. For example, in hospitalsmoisture provides fertile ground for growth ofpotentially dangerous molds or bacteria and canlead to hospital-acquired illnesses in patients as wellas compromise sensitive diagnostic equipment.

The tendency of a window design to form con-densation can be predicted by its CondensationResistance Factor (CRF). AAMA offers an onlinecalculator to provide general guidance on defininga target minimum CRF based on a project-specificset of environmental conditions. (Visithttp://www.aamanet.org/CRFtool for details.)

Thermal performance of a completed commercialfenestration unit is quantified by testing according toindustry consensus standards, such as AAMA 1503,Voluntary Test Method for Thermal Transmittance andCondensation Resistance of Windows, Doors and GlazedWall Sections, initially published in 1980.

Also, AAMA 507-07, Standard Practice forDetermining the Thermal Performance Characteristics ofFenestration Systems Installed in Commercial Buildings,provides a simple means to verify the energy perform-ance of commercial fenestration using graphs and lin-ear interpolation based on one-time test results. AG

The Next LevelAssuring Peak Thermal Performance of Fenestration

by Ken Brenden

M e t a l M a t t e r s

Ken Brenden is the technical services managerfor the American Architectural ManufacturersAssociation (AAMA) based in Schaumburg, Ill. Mr.Brenden’s opinions are solely his own and notnecessarily those of this magazine.


Many of today’swindow systemstake advantage ofan assemblage ofcomponents ofvarious materials tooptimize all aspectsof thermalperformance.




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3 PNC Plaza was designed to be clear and open tothose inside as well as those passing by outside.

Re-Birth

Glass Plays aCritical Role inDowntownPittsburgh’s FirstNew Skyscraperin 20 Years

Photo by Bruce Damonte.







m


ore and more developers and planners aresearching for ways to restore the life, culture andexcitement of cities, culminating in the revitaliza-tion and renewal of many urban areas. Considerdowntown Pittsburgh. For centuries thisPennsylvania locale was known for its strongindustrial ties, particularly in coal mining, steelproduction, aluminum and glass. And today,while manufacturing remains a big part ofPittsburgh’s economy, the city’s industrial focushas evolved into more high-tech fields, rangingfrom robotics to healthcare. And just as the city’seconomy has changed, so too, has the face of itsdowntown district.

“Cities are trying to create more diversity in theuse of their downtown areas so they are not just afinancial district or a business district. Developersare trying to get people living and shopping down-town and getting more 24/7 use out of theirurban core,” says Ben Tranel, a project architectwith San Francisco-based Gensler. “You see thatamong the post-industrial towns, such asPittsburgh, but you also see it in smaller commu-nities that aren’t necessarily post industrial buthave been subjected to a lot of urban sprawl andurban growth and are trying to find a way to cre-ate an identifiable downtown urban core.”

Earlier this year downtown Pittsburgh saw thecompletion of its first new high-rise in 20 years,when the Fairmont Hotel at 3 PNC Plaza openedits doors. Designed by Gensler, 3 PNC Plaza is a752,000-square-foot, 23-story, mixed-used high-riseconstructed to meet LEED standards. Thecladding area of the building was 250,000 squarefeet and about 4,000 pre-glazed frames wereinstalled. Construction began in 2008 and theoffice portion was completed in 2009.

The 3 PNC Plaza project was one about urbanrenewal, renovation and bringing some life backto downtown Pittsburgh. It changed the city’s sky-line, and would not stand as it does or haveachieved the desired performance measures with-out the use of glass.

Key Considerations“The idea was to create a building that would be

a part of the skyline in a light, bright and refresh-ing way,” says Tranel. “We were looking for glassproducts that would feel light and airy, as we didnot want something heavy like stone. We alsowanted a glass that would have some colorationand warmth so on those cold, gray, winter days thebuilding would still have warmth and brightness.”

Another design consideration was the fact thatthe tower would be a mixed-use building, having ahotel, condo and office portion, as well as differentaspects in the base, such as a retail component.

“We were looking to break down the mass ofthe building so it would not feel too big and mas-sive and we wanted to articulate the different pro-grams inside the building, both formally, but alsothrough the type of glass,” says Tranel, whoexplains that the condo portion incorporates adifferent glass type, as well as some articulation inthe architecture, so it has a different mass offset-ting it from the rest of the building.

“The different glass type creates a differentiationas you read the building from the exterior,” heexplains. “Then between the offices and hotel weused ceramic frit on the office, but not on thehotel, and we differentiated the mass by using theceramic frit in some areas but not others. In thestorefront portion it’s all very clear and open toactivate the street from the pedestrian level whenyou’re walking by. People can see in and thoseinside can see out so it’s like an urban room, which

continued on page 8

The design and con-struction of 3 PNCPlaza was abouturban renewal andbringing new life todowntownPittsburgh.

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was one of the concepts we were working with—thehotel lobby wanted to feel like an open room thatwas connected to the urban fabric around it andrevitalizing to the streetscape. Glass was just a natu-ral material to support a lot of those ideas.”

Glass SelectionWhen it came to selecting the glass, the culture

and history of Pittsburgh came into play, particu-larly since PNC is headquartered in the city.

“There was a desire to, if at all possible, workwith PPG because its headquarters are a blockand a half away,” says Tranel. “The company pro-vided us with a new coating that had not beenused extensively before; it wasn’t brand new andit wasn’t the first time it was used, but it wassomething relatively new for them. It was excitingto work with them in, not only revitalizing down-town, but also supporting a local business.”

The majority of 3 PNC Plaza features PPG’s70XL, as well as a green body tinted glass.

“Those products, together with the coating onthe number-three surface and the frit on the num-ber-two surface, gave us the energy efficiency weneeded because the building is also targetingLEED certification,” says Tranel. “Part of thatachievement is energy performance so the glass

was carefully selected based on environmentalperformance and its aesthetic.”

Trulite Industries in Mississauga, Ontario, fab-ricated the insulating glass (IG) for the project.

The company had previously served as the glassfabricator for Heinz Field Football Stadium, alsoin downtown Pittsburgh.

Oldcastle BuildingEnvelope (which acquiredcontract glazier Antamex in 2006) handled theglazing portion of the project. R. (Rocco)Parzanese, vice president of contracts, said theywere brought on to the job by P.J. Dick, the gen-eral contractor.

“We were pretty well involved beginning withthe design-assist stage of the project. There werearchitectural drawings available when we came onboard, but a lot of the architectural details werenot developed yet,” says Parzanese. “We wentthrough all of the development details and condi-tions with the architects, which involved severalmeetings and a lot of conference calls.”

Parzanese explains that while architects alreadyhad a vision of what the project would be, hiscompany was involved helping finalize the work-ing details. He says his company was responsiblefor completing the envelope of the building,which included the pre-glazed curtainwall, alu-

Contract glaziers installed 4,000 pre-glazed frames aspart of 3 PNC Plaza's construction.

“The idea was to create abuilding that would be a part

of the skyline in a light, brightand refreshing way.”

—Ben Tranel, Gensler

“The idea was to create abuilding that would be a part

of the skyline in a light, brightand refreshing way.”

—Ben Tranel, Gensler

Photo by Bruce Damonte.

Re-Birth continued from page 7









minum cladding, doors, soffits, grills, etc.“The architects wanted to work with one entity

as much as possible and we took on that role,”says Parzanese. “They already had in mind whatthe glass and colors and finishes were going to be.We were on board to make sure it would all workproperly.”

Form and FunctionFor a project so heavily focused on the glazing

element, both performance and aesthetics werecritical. Tranel says one of the challenges withwhich they were faced involved making sure thecolor of the glass was exactly right.

“It was tough to get the right combination ofsubstrate and low-E coating to get the color wewanted,” he says. “While it was a challenge to getthe right color and balance with environmentalperformance, in the end we were happy with theway it turned out.”

He says a unique feature of the glazing wasthe use of the low-E coating on the number-three surface.

“In Pittsburgh this was somewhat unexpectedthat it would work out as well as it did from anenvironmental performance,” says Tranel. “Beingable to do that and still get the ceramic frit toread through from the number-two surface wassomething we were excited about.”

Also, on all the condos a laminated inner litewas used on the IG unit to reduce ultraviolet infil-tration so there wouldn’t be fading of fabrics, car-pet or upholstered furniture in the condo units.

“It’s a unique amenity that’s not typicallyoffered to a condo owner,” says Tranel.

Working with large glass lites also posed challenges.

“There were some very large pieces of glass,especially in the storefront of the hotel lobby. So itwas a bit of a challenge to get some of those madebecause they were 7-feet, 6 inches wide—quite biginsulating, low-E coated units,” says Tranel.

Parzanese adds that his team spent a lot oftime at the main entrance of the hotel because ofthe large glass lites.

“It took quite a bit of planning and logistics tomake sure they would work,” he says. Speaking ofthe project in its entirety, he adds, “[The glass work]was quite intricate in the sense of some of the inter-facing details, especially at the terrace areas and thesoffit areas where we had to integrate with the curband roof conditions.”

He adds that they also spent a lot of time onlevels 12 and 13 where there is a roof terrace.

“They also have an outside patio, where wehad to work through the details for the soffit con-ditions. The space was comprised of columncladdings and doors in those areas, all of whichwere within view at the roof area. Everything hadto be integrated for a presentable look,” saysParzanese, who adds that they also went throughvisual mock ups with PPG.

“We also had a number of tests to do in orderto get our system approved. It was essentially acustom system; we started with a clean sheet ofpaper and probably had a minimum of 18 newextrusion dies.”

In It TogetherAccording to Parzanese, one thing about this

project that made it different compared to otherswas the fact that Gensler, the design architect,and the local architect, Astorino of Pittsburgh,were on two different coasts.

“So [working around] the time difference couldsometimes lengthen the time to communicatebetween all the parties,” Parzanese says.

However, he points out that despite the logisti-cal considerations, everyone involved was able towork well together.

“We had a number of face-to-face, on-site meet-ings [which had to be coordinated when Genslerarchitects were in town] and we also had weeklyconference calls and those conversations tookplace [from the beginning],” says Parzanese. “Itwasn’t a case of coming to a certain point in timeand saying, ‘OK, I guess we better ask some ques-tions.’ The questions [were asked] continually andwe worked through them every week with thearchitects and contractor.”

Tranel agrees.“It was a very positive experience,” he says,

adding that this project, like many others, provid-ed a learning opportunity and lessons that will bevaluable on future jobs. “You always learn abouthow products go together and it’s enlightening toexperience the differences in how a materialappears from a 12 x 12 standpoint to a mock upto the actual site,” he says. “And that’s also anexperience that you accumulate and take with youto the next project.” AG

Ellen Rogers is the editor of the Architects’Guide to Glass & Metal magazine.

The majority of 3PNC Plaza featuresPPG’s 70XL, as wellas a green body tint-ed glass.

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componentsNew Additions

Intercept® stainless steel and tin-plated spacersfrom PPG have been added to the NationalFenestration Rating Council’s (NFRC’s)Component Modeling Approach Software Tool(CMAST) database.

According to the NFRC, Intercept stainlesssteel or tin-plated spacers each can be modeledin CMAST in 21 finished airspace widths rang-ing from 6.35 to 22.23 millimeters (0.250 to0.875 inches). The products are configured asPath III spacers, which enable software users tobenefit fully from the actual Intercept spacergeometry and effective conductivity (Keff).

Under the NFRC’s Component ModelingApproach (CMA), fenestration products such asdoors, windows and skylights are examined interms of their glazing, frame and spacer compo-nents. CMAST software calculates the perform-ance values of these components in combina-

tion to help energy consultants maximize theenergy efficiency of fenestration products.→ www.ppg.com

sealantsMade to Order Color Selections

Dow Corning® created its Color It Right pro-gram as a wayto expandcolor availabili-ty of its brandsilicone con-structionsealants with-out sacrificingtime, quality orease of installa-tion. The com-pany says themade-to-orderColor It Rightcatalog colorsealants are ready to ship in three days and mini-mum order requirements as low as two cases ofsausage packs can help eliminate waste and keepjobs on budget.

In addition to catalog colors, computer-matched custom colors that meet building projectrequirements are ready to ship in nine businessdays. Factory-pigmented, one-part sealants areavailable to ensure consistent color from start tofinish and access to small quantities helps ensureavailability of colors for unique applications andsmall-scale projects. → www.dowcorning.com/ColorItRight

storefront and curtainwall Finishing Touches

A new copper anodize finish fromTubelite was created to provide visu-al effects while also retaininga bright, metallicappearance. It also pro-vides the same low-maintenance benefits ofthe company’s store-front, curtainwall, entranceand daylight control systems.

N e w P r o d u c t F o c u s

sunshadesOut of the Sun, Into the Shade

Versoleil™ SunShades are the latest develop-ment from Kawneer Company Inc. Beginning withthe Single Blade SunShade System, the companysays Versoleil™ SunShades offer a broad range of

versatile products to suit almostany project.

To maximize energy savingpotential, reduce solar heat gainand increase occupant comfortand productivity, the blades canbe oriented horizontally or verti-cally. The new sunshades havealso been designed and tested towithstand the stresses resultingfrom wind, snow or other factors.

In addition, Versoleil™SunShades can add aesthetic appeal to buildingenvelopes, as they can be seamlessly incorporatedinto multiple Kawneer curtainwall platforms in hori-zontal and vertical configurations. The new sun-shades are available in various depths from 6 to 14inches and can accommodate a full range of coloroptions.→ www.kawneer.com






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According to the company the finish is abrasionresistant, durable and is applied and tested to meetall AAMA 611 Class 1 specifications. Offered as astandard color choice, custom color-matching is notnecessary. Clear coat or periodic lacquer treatmentsare also not required to preserve the copper color.The company adds that the copper anodize creates amatte finish that helps hide imperfections that mayoccur on the surface of recycled aluminum. → www.tubeliteinc.com

decorative glassDistinctive Details in Glass

The recently expanded Viraspan DesignDistinction Series from Owatonna, Minn.-basedViracon includes four standard patterns that canbe used in interior applications. In addition tothe new patterns, five new tinted translucent frits

broaden the current offering that includes simu-lated acid-etched and sandblasted options.The new colors, fog gray, sage green, bluefrost, spice and yellow moon, aretinted ceramic enamels that aresilk-screened onto the glass andfused onto the surface duringheat treatment.

Viraspan Distinction Seriespatterns can be applied to clearor tinted glass substrates and can be combinedwith any of Viracon’s high performance coatings.The patterns are available in any of the standardopaque or new translucent color options. In addi-tion, the Distinction Series and translucent coloroptions are suitable for laminated glass, monolith-ic and insulating configurations.→ www.viracon.com AG






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curtainwall and glazing systems have evolvedtremendously over the years. Today, one of thetrends that continues to grow in popularityamong the architectural community is the trans-parent, all-glass façade. To help provide a betterunderstanding of such systems, a number of com-panies offer AIA continuing education courses.

Exposed Structural Systems and Long Span Glass FacadesEnclos Corp.

Learning Units: 1This course provides education about designing

and creating structural glass and long span glassfacades. Participants will learn to identify and com-pare seven different structural systems used in thesupport of long span glass facades; list at least fourof the relevant evaluation criteria used in compar-ing different structural systems; identify and com-

pare three different glass systems for applicationsin long span glass facades; define an optimumdelivery strategy for an innovative long span facadesolution; and propose a long span facade solutionin response to given project parameters.→ www.enclos.com

Structure and Structural Glass 08Perkins & Will Inc.

Learning Units: 1Those taking part in this course will take away

knowledge about the analysis and engineering forstructural glass with an emphasis on long spanstructural solutions. The presentation includes casestudies of a variety of structural solutions includingthe Toronto Performing Arts Center, which courseorganizers say promotes architectural transparencyand reduces structural steel utilization.→ www.perkinswill.com AG

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4. Please check all the products or services your company designs with or specifies: � Windows/Window Hardware � Plastic/glazing alternatives � Storefronts/curtainwall systems� Doors/Door Hardware � Sealants/adhesives � Insulating glass� Architectural Metals � Shower doors/tub enclosures � Bent, etched, beveled glass� Mirror and mirror products � Machinery and equipment � Other (please describe):______________

2. Please check ALL the types of work your companyperforms:� Commercial � Residentia � Other (please specify):____________________


If your companyoffers an AIAContinuingEducation Courseplease let us knowabout it by [email protected]





http://www.glass.com/subcenter.php


http://www.enclos.com

http://www.perkinswill.com




PPG Industries, Inc., Glass Business & Discovery Center, 400 Guys Run Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15024 www.ppgideascapes.com

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Solarban, IdeaScapes, PPG and the PPG logo are trademarks owned by PPG Industries, Inc. | Cradle to Cradle CertifiedCM is a certification mark of MBDC.

And the outdoor one.

The right glass can do wonders for indoor environments.

Project credits at ppgideascapes.com/SB70XL







to glass & metalso, the goal is to maximize daylight, while mini-mizing discomfort, and window...

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