Federal Civil ProcedurePersonal Jurisdiction1. Long-arm statutea. Does the states long arm statute apply to D?i. No1. No PJii. Yes1. Go to constitutional analysis2. Constitutional Analysisa. If PJ satisfies the statutory analysis, it must be constitutionali. a!e to be sufficient minimum contacts for PJ to be constitutional an" fairb. #as D ser!e" $ith process $hile physically present in the forum statei. Yes1. PJ is constitutional un"er all circumstancesii. No1. PJ $ill be constitutional if you ha!e General or Specific %uris"iction&. General Jurisdictiona. '(amine general contacts $ith forum statei. If D is so in!ol!e" $ith the state that the state can ha!e PJ o!er anyting the D "oes in the stateii. )ontact*purposeful a!ailment must be systematic +not %ust casual*in"irect,1. If D engages in continuous an" systematic acti!ity in the forum state, )ourt can fin" sufficient basis for PJ in any cause of actioniii. Ds "omicile state $ill al$ays ha!e general %uris"iction-. Specific Jurisdictiona. .pecific %uris"iction is %uris"iction o!er a cause of action that arises out of Ds contacts $ith the forum state / minimum contacts testb. !inimum Contacts "esti. .tate interest ii. Purposeful a!ailmentiii. 0rising out of contacti!. 1easonableness*)on!enience of the forumc. D must ha!e action by the D that is purposefully "irecte" to$ar" the forum2. Summarya. Contacts #$at are %s contacts li&e 'it te forum state(i. Purposeful a!ailment1. D "i" !oluntarily an" purposefully reach out to the forum state ii. 3oreseeability1. Is it foreseeable that the D coul" be sue" in the forum stateb. )elatednessi. Is cause of action relate" to contacts?1. If yes / specific %uris"ictiona. 4ust be 5fair6b. Is there an un"ue bur"en on D*$itnessesc. .tate interest in being the forum". P interest in ha!ing a certain forum7. If no / general %uris"ictiona. D must be 5at8home6 in the forumi. #here "omicile"*incorporate"*principal place of business9. "ennessee Personal Jurisdictiona. In personami. Po$er o!er the personb. In 1emi. Po$er o!er specific item of propertyc. :uasi in rem %uris"ictioni. Po$er o!er particular in"i!i"uals $ith respect to property $ithin courts control ". In ;Ni. 4ust ha!e sufficient minimum contacts $ith ;N that %uris"iction "oes not offen" tra"itional notions of fair play an" substanti!e %ustice1. 'stablishe" by fin"ing that the D engage" in acti!ities "irecte" to$ar"s ;N that gi!e rise to an e(pectation of being sub%ect to suit there7. $nership of real property in ;N". Insuring a ris? in ;Ne. )ontract pro!i"ing for ser!ices in ;N&. 0lso any basis consistent $ith "ue process*n-rem+,uasi in rem -urisdiction- Juris"iction not o!er D, but o!er Ds property in the forum state o Ds contacts must meet the constitutional testSu.-ect !atter Jurisdiction 1.Does )ourt ha!e PJ?a. Noi. .;>Pb. Yesi. ;est for .4Jii. 3e" ? an" Di!ersity7. 3e"eral :uestion Juris"iction +arise out of fe"eral la$ such as @. )onstitution, 3e"eral .tatutes, ;reaties,a. #as complaint 5$ell plea"e"6i. 3e"eral Auestion must appear as part of Ps cause of action as set out in the complaint1. Ds ans$er*"efenses are irrele!ant7. If not in complaint, no fe" Auestion %uris"ictionb. If yes,i. You ha!e .4J un"er 3e"eral :uestion Juris"iction&. Di!ersity Juris"iction a. 4ust e(cee" BC2,DDD amount in contro!ersy b. 4ust be bet$een citiEens of "ifferent states, >1i. )itiEens of a state an" foreigners, >1ii. 3oreign state an" citiEens of a statec. Di!ersity must be 5complete6i. No party on si"e of a "ispute may be a citiEen of the same state as a pary on the other si"e-. .upplemental Juris"ictiona. >nce a case is in fe"eral court, you ha!e to test e!ery single a""itional claim for .4Jb. '!ery in"i!i"ual claim in fe"eral court must ha!e .4Ji. If an a""itional claim "oesnt satisfy "i!ersity or fe" ?, must loo? at supplemental -urisdictionc. Supplemental -urisdictioni.Pro!i"es a $ay to get non8fe"eral, non8"i!ersity claims into fe"eral court1. 0 non8fe"eral, non8"i!ersity claim can be hear" in fe"eral court @Nutcome "eterminati!eF #oul" applying or ignoring the state rule affect the outcome of the case? If so, probably substanti!e an" shoul" use state la$.b. Galance of interestsF Does either fe"eral or state system ha!e a strong interest in ha!ing its rules applie"?c.0!oi" forum shopping to fe"eral court.9. ;here is no fe"eral common la$, so sometimes fe"eral courts ha!e to 5fill the gap,6 especially $ith ne$ statutes, etc.0enue1. #hich fe"eral court to sue in7. P can lay !enue in any district where:a. 0ll Ds resi"ei. If the case has been remo!e" from fe" 8I state court, then !enue is set in the ii. Ds resi"ing for !enue purposes1. uman / $here "omicile"7. Gusiness / In 0theri. )an use $hate!er metho"s for ser!ing process that are permitte" by state la$ of the state $here the fe"eral court sits or $here ser!ice is ma"e1. '(. .er!ice by mailc. #ai!er by maili. 4ail to D a copy of the complaint an" copies of a $ai!er form $ith a prepai" means of returning the form. If D e(ecutes an" mails $ai!er form to P $ithin &D "ays, D $ai!es formal ser!ice of process.-. 1eturn of ser!icea. ;he person $ho ser!es process must file a report $ith the court "etailing ho$ ser!ice $as ma"e.b. If ser!er $as a ci!ilian, the report is by affi"a!it +s$orn statement, un"er oath,2. .er!ice of other "ocumentsa. Done by mailing to the partys la$yer%iscovery1. )e2uired %isclosuresa. 4ust be pro"uce" e!en if no one as?s for iti. 4ust be ma"e $ithin 1- "ays of 1ule 79+f, conferenceii. 4ust "isclose=.iii. I"entities of persons $ho ha!e discovera.le info that the "isclosing party may use to support your claims or "efensesi!. Documents an" things that you may use to support your claims or "efenses. You may pro"uce copies, or a "escription of these things!. )omputation of monetary relief an" "ocuments supporting it!i. Insurance co!erage tat migt cover all or part of te -udgement in te case 7. 34pert $itnessesa. #hen the court "irects, each si"e must i"entify e(pert $itnesses 5'o may .e used at trial6i. >NNnly 72 Auestions total can be as?e"!. If the ans$er to interrogatories can be foun" in business recor"s an" it $oul" be o!erly bur"ensome to fin" the ans$ers, the respon"ing party canallo$ the reAuesting party to ha!e access to the recor"s9. )e2uests to producea. 1eAuests that someone ma?e a!ailable for re!ie$ an" copying "ocuments*things*'.Ii. 1eAuesting party can as? for a particular form for the pro"uction to be inC. !edical 34ama. 4ust get a court or"er i. 4ust sho$ that the persons health is in actual contro!ersy an" goo" causeb. )an get an e(am either for the party or someone in the partys custo"y or legal controlc. Party see?ing the or"er chooses the license" person to perform the e(amN. )e2uest for admissiona. 0 $ritten reAuest that someone a"mit a thingb. ;hey can only say they "ont ?no$ the ans$er if they ma?e a reasonable inAuiry an" cannot fin" enough info to a"mit or "enyc. >ften use" to authenticate "ocuments". You sign these un"er oathi. )ounsel has to certify1. ;he reAuest is $arrante"7. It is not interpose" for improper purpose&. It is not un"uly bur"ensomee. 0fter you respon" to "isco!ery, circumstances in the real $orl" $ill probably change. In light of these circumstances, your response to a reAuire" "isclosure, interrogatory, reAuest for pro"uction, etc. / you must supplement your response*complaint, etc.L. Scope of %iscoverya. #hat can you "isco!er?i. 0nything rele!ant to a claim or "efense1. ;his inclu"es things that are 5reasonably calculate" to lea" to the "isco!ery of a"missible e!i"ence67. '(., something that is particularly harmful to you may not ha!e to be "isclose" un"er the reAuire" "isclosures, but may be "isco!erable using "isco!ery tools.ii. Proportionality1. ;he court has the authority to limit "isco!ery if the reAuest is cumulati!e, or if the bur"en out$eighs the importance of the issue at han"iii. Pri!ilege1. You can ob%ect to "isco!ery on the basis of e!i"entiary pri!ilege a. '(. )onfi"ential communications b*$ atty8clienti!. #or?8Pro"uct1. ;rial preparation materials / prepare" in anticipation of litigation7. Generally protecte" from "isco!erya. Doesnt ha!e to be generate" by a la$yer, but an representati!e of a party is enough&. Getting $or?8pro"ucta. #itness statement is "isco!erable if can sho$i. .ubstantial nee"ii. No other $ay to get itiii. ;his is Aualifie" $or? pro"uctb. 0bsolute $or? pro"ucti. )annot be "isco!ere"1. 4ental impressions7. >pinions&. )onclusions-. sanctions J costs J fees 0ND coul" be hel" in contempt for !iolating a court or"er7. No responsea. 104G> sanctions plus costs ii. 104G> sanctions1. Gi!es %u"ge a choice of=a. 'stablishment or"er +establishes facts as true,b. .tri?e plea"ings of the "isobe"ient party +as it relates to "isco!ery,c. Disallo$ e!i"ence from the "isobe"ient party +as to "isco!ery,". Dismiss Ps case if ba" faith is sho$ne. 'nter "efault %u"gment against D if ba" faith is sho$n!ultiparty Litigation1. Proper Ds an" Psa. 0rise from same ;*>b. 1aise at least one common Auestion7. Necessary an" in"ispensable partiesa. )ourt might force some nonparty to %oin the casei. If the nonparty is necessaryb. #ho is necessary?i. #ithout the absentee party, the court cannot accor" complete relief among the e(isting parties +in or"er to a!oi" multiple suits, >1ii. 0bsentee partys interest may be harme" if he or she is not %oine" >1iii. 0bsentee party claims an interest that sub%ects a party +usually D, to a ris? of multiple obligationsc. )an the absentee party %oine"i. If you are necessary, $e ha!e to see if %oin"er is feasible1. Is there PJ o!er the party?7. #ill %oining "estroy "i!ersity?ii. If it is feasible court $ill %oin you". If absentee party cannot be %oine"i. )ourt can procee" $ithout you >1ii. Dismiss the entire caseiii. )ourt consi"ers1. Is there an alternati!e forum a!ailable7. #hat is the actual li?elihoo" of harm&. )an the court shape relief to a!oi" harm&. ;N Join"era. Parties can be %oine" ifi. .ame t*oii. )ommon Auestions of la$ or factb. )laims i. 4ust be %oine" if same t*oii. )an be other$isec. In"ispensable partiesi. 1arely e(ist e(cept in a la$suit to con"emn an easement to a lan"loc?e" property must %oin nearby lan"o$nersCounterclaim and Crossclaim1. )ounterclaima. )laim against an opposing partyi. >nce someone asserts a claim, you are an opposing partyb. D can assert this in their ans$erc. 7 types of counterclaimsi. )ompulsory1. 0rises from the same ;*> as Ps claima. #ai!e" if not file"7. N> >;'1 ); arise from same t*o as Ps claim7. Not reAuire" to file it in the same action&. a!e to assert .4J in"epen"ently7. )rossclaima. )laim against a co8party b. 4@.; arise from same ;*> as the un"erlying actionc. Not compulsory / can either assert it here or in a separate suit*mpleader1. D bringing someone ne$ into the litigation7. Primarily use" by a D to shift liabilitya. If D is foun" liable, they $ill try to get someone else to payb. Insurance, in"emnity, etc.&. .tepsa. D files a &r" party complaint naming the thir" party "efen"ant an"b. .er!e process on the thir" party "efen"ant-. 1ight to implea" $*in 1- "ays of ser!ing ans$er, after that ha!e to as? for permission2. P can assert claims against thir" party "efen"ant if they arise from the same t*o9. 4ust a""ress .4J on each claim in"epen"entlya. )an al$ays try supplemental %uris"ictionC. ;hir" party "efen"ant isnt actually a party to the suit, so "i!ersity "oesnt matter*ntervention1. Nonparty brings themsel!es into the case. )an come in to assert a claim +P, or "efen" a claim +D,. )ourt can mo!e there si"es.7. Inter!ention of righta. &r" partys interest may be harme" if they are not %oine" an" are not a"eAuately represente" in the litigation.&. Permissi!e inter!entiona. &r" partys claim or "efense an" the pen"ing case ha!e at least one common Auestion. b. 0t the "iscretion of the courtc. @sually o? unless inter!ention $oul" cause "elay*pre%u"ice to a party -. 4ust ha!e .4J o!er each claimClass Action1. 1eAuirementsa. Numerosityi. ;oo many class members for practicable %oin"er. No magic Ob. )ommonalityi. ;here is some issue of la$ or fact that is common to all class members, so resolution of that issue $ill generate ans$ers for e!ery member of the class in one stro?ec. ;ypicalityi. 1eps claims are typical of those of the class ". 1epresentati!e a"eAuatei. ;he class representati!e $ill fairly an" a"eAuately represent the class7. a!e to fit the class $ithin one of three typesa. Pre%u"icei. )lass treatment necessary to a!oi" harm either to class members or to the non8class partyb. )lass see?s an in%unction or "eclaratory %u"gment because D treate" the class ali?ec. Damagesi. +1, )ommon Auestions pre"ominate o!er in"i!i"ual Auestions 0NDii. +7, )lass action is the superior metho" to han"le the "isputeiii. In this class, the court has to notify the members ". 3or .4J, only consi"er the citiEenship of the rep, not class members &. ;N )lass action ssame as fe"eral Ad-udicating te disputePreliminary In%uncti!e 1elief1. #orrie" that before a case can go to trial, D may "o +or fail to "o, something that $ill harm or pre%u"ice Ps case.a. P $ants in%uncti!e relief / court or"er that D $ill eitheri. Do somethingii. 1efrain from "oing somethingb. )ourts ner!ous about this7. ;Phis is a preliminary in%unction / reAuires ahearinga. Purpose is maintaining the status Auo until the court can hear the claim on the meritsi. )ant e!er be grante" e( parteb. 0ppellant has the bur"en of sho$ing thatFi. e is li?ely to suffer irreparable harm if the in%unction isnt issue"ii. e is li?ely to $in on the merits of the un"erlying caseiii. ;he balance of har"ship fa!ors the appellanti!. In%unction is in the 5public interest6c. Granting of an in%unction is al$ays "iscretionary". If grante", applicant must post a bon";emporary 1estraining >r"er +;1>,1. )an be issue" e( parte I3a. 0pplicant files a paper un"er oath clearly sho$ing that if the ;1> is not issue", he $ill suffer imme"iate an" irreparable harm if he has to $ait for a hearing on a preliminary in%unctionb. 0pplicants la$yer must certify in $riting that he has ma"e efforts to gi!e oral or $ritten notice to D or Ds la$yer 7. If the ;1> is issue", the applicant must post a bon" to co!er the costs an" "amages if it turns out the ;1> is $rongful&. ;1> must state its terms $ith specificity, "escribe in "etail $hat D must "o*refrain from"oing, an" state #Y the ;1> $as issue", an" $hy the threatene" in%ury $as irreparable-. If the ;1> is issue" it must be ser!e" on the D as soon as possiblea. D can mo!e to "issol!e or mo"ify the ;1> 2. ;1> only effecti!e for 1- "ays an" can be e(ten"e" oncea. Purpose isnt for it to be long8term, %ust to last to get you to a hearing for a preliminary in%unction Pretrial Ad-udication1. Koluntary "ismissala. P can ma?e a motion for !oluntary "ismissal at any timeb. a!e a right to a !oluntary "ismissal +notice of "ismissal, before D files ans$er or motion for sum. Ju"g.c. If P files a timely notice of "ismissal, the case is "ismisse" 5$*o pre%u"ice6 i. P can re8file". You can only "o it $*o pre%u"ice once, if you file a notice of "ismissal again the case is "ismisse" 5$ith pre%u"ice67. Default an" "efault %u"gmenta. D "oes not respon" to the complaint in time +71 "ays after being ser!e" $ith process or 9D "ays from mailing of $ai!er if you $ai!e" ser!ice,b. Default / notation by the court cler? on the "oc?et sheet of the casei. P has to actually file for "efaultii. Default cuts off Ds right to respon"iii. Does not entitle you to reco!erc. Default %u"gmenti. )ler? of court can enter %u"gment ifF1. D ma"e no response at all7. )laim itself is for a certain sum of money&. )laimant gi!es an affi"a!it of the sum o$e" 0ND-. D is not a minor or incompetentii. If any of those is not true1. P can apply to %u"ge for "efault %u"gment7. Ju"ge $ill hol" a hearing a. D only gets notice of the hearing if he has appeare" in the caseb. )ant get more !ia "efault %u"gment then you as?e" for in complaintiii. .etting asi"e "efault %u"gment1. D can mo!e to set asi"e by sho$ing goo" cause J a !iable "efensea. '(cusable neglect e(.&. 4otion to Dismiss for 3ailure to .tate a claima. 3ile" in pretty much e!ery caseb. #hether the case belongs in the stream of litigation at allc. )ourt ignores Ps legal conclusions an" loo?s >Nnly to sho$ e(traneous pre%u"icial information or outsi"e influence b. Non%ury triali. Ju"ge reAuire" to state their fin"ings of fact an" conclusions of la$ in $ritingc. 4otions at an" after triali. Ju"gment as a matter of la$*"irecte" !er"ict1. Ju"ge rules for a si"e before case $oul" go to the %urya. Ju"ge has to rule on the e!i"ence presente" at trial b. >nly proper if reasonable people coul" not "isagree on the resultc. < / mo!e for ne$ trial". 1emittitur an" 0""itur i. 1emittitur 1. r"ers granting, mo"ifying, refusing preliminary or permanent in%unctionsc. Interlocutory 0ppeals 0cti. 0llo$s appeal of a nonfinal or"er if 1. ;rial %u"ge certifies that it in!ol!es a controlling issue of la$7. 0s to $hich there is substantial groun" for "ifference of opinion 0ND&. )o0 has agree" to hear it". )ollateral or"er e(ceptioni. 0ppellate court has "iscretion to hear ruling on an issue if it1. Is "istinct from the merits of the case7. In!ol!es an important legal Auestion an"&. Is essentially unre!ie$able if the parties $ait for a final %u"gment&. .tan"ar" of re!ie$a. #hen a "istrict %u"ge "eci"es a Auestion of la$i. De no!o re!ie$ / re!ie$ $ith no "eferenceb. In a non8%ury trial $hen the "istrict %u"ge "etermines Auestions of fact the )o0 $ill affirm unless fin"ings are CL3A)L: 3));13;7Si. %ue regard must .e given to te trial -udge