tmt & risk taking in adolescence ppt tim rush
DESCRIPTION
A PPT presentation on Terror Management Theory and its application to AdolescenceTRANSCRIPT
And risk-taking in adolescence
By Tim Rush
The Curse
All animals die, but only humans are cursed with the knowledge that death is unavoidable.
Cultural World
View
contextualizing
our
fear
Cultural World
View
- gives us value
- offers
immortality
contextualizing
our
fear
Terror
Management
Theory
≠
Risk-Taking
???
Terror
Management
Theory
=
Risk-Taking
!!!
Risk-taking in
Adolescents
=
Self-esteem
~ It’s not
different. It’s
just wrong! ~
Family Based ---------> Peer
Based
“Embedded into many cultures is the
wisdom that children must somehow
leave their childhood community in
order to find their way back into it
as adults and citizens.”
(Larson & Martin, 2012 p. 38)
Positive reaction towards home culture
Negative reaction to foreign cultures
Positive reaction towards home culture
- values and beliefs
- patriotic imagery
- symbols
Negative reaction to foreign cultures
- customs
- styles of dress
- religious beliefs
Family Based ---------> Peer Based
The adolescent undergoes a rewiring of their cultural world view
The adolescent undergoes a rewiring of their cultural world view.
And healthy
adaptation
Luxury or
Requirement?
- Liberal views of
drug usage
- Compromised
cognitive effort
“Individuals with low self-esteem struggle
with adjusting to the knowledge of mortality,
individuals with high self-esteem remain
unscathed and unflappable.”
(Routledge, Ostafin, Juhl, Sedikides, Cathey,
& Liao 2010, p. 913)
Anxiety Buffer Hypothesis
< risk-taking =
< self-esteem =
< anxiety protection
Sometimes the risk defines the individual.
Immediate Gain vs. Future
Cost
Immediate Gain vs. Future
Cost
Because not taking the risk could be the
bigger risk.
“Risky behavior can be thought to be driven
by a process in which the individual concludes
that the potential gains outweigh the possible
losses. However, this process is not necessarily
a rational objective evaluation of gains versus
losses.”
(Hirshberber, Florian, Mikulincer,
Goldenberg, & Pyszczynski, 2002, p. 120)
< Mortality Salience = < Motivation to Belong
Risk-taking = Escape from anxiety
Risk-taking = Relief from death awareness
Risk-taking = < Self-esteem
Self-esteem = Anxiety buffer
Because taking risks marks the transition to
adulthood.
Undiscovered identity can lead to unhealthy risk-
taking
Some risky behavior should be
considered, “purposeful, meaningful, goal
oriented… regarded as instrumental in
gaining acceptance… establishing
autonomy from parents, coping with
anxiety… or affirming maturity and
marking a transition to adulthood.”
(Tuabman, 2004, p. 106)
Encourages:
- Creativity
- Adventurous Spirit
- Satisfaction
Rites of Passage
< Risk-taking =
< Self-esteem =
< Mortality Salience
Buffer
Parents can reduce risk-taking behavior in children
through:
1. Parental Monitoring
2. High-quality Communication
3. Healthy Relationships
Parents can reduce risk-taking behavior in children
through:
1. Parental Monitoring
Parents can reduce risk-taking behavior in children
through:
2. High-quality Communication
Parents can reduce risk-taking behavior in children
through:
3. Healthy Relationships
Parents can reduce risk-taking behavior in children
through:
** Better Modeling Practices **
Culture: Defines Personal Value; Offers Hope for
Immortality
contextualizin
g
our
fear
Exposure to Mortality Salience leads to:
- Over-value home culture
- De-value foreign cultures
• Why would adolescents take risks?
Adolescence is a Journey
Required: Self-esteem
• Risk-taking leads to higher self-esteem
How does the
culture of the
Home compare to
the mainstream
culture?
Do those without
rites of passage
struggle more with
finding their
identity?
With self-esteem?
Do involved
parents have
children with higher
self-esteem?
And risk-taking in adolescence
By Tim Rush