TINY HOUSE

Elena Ioana Moldovan and

Ivana Krajcovicova

Trainees

15th December 2017

Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny House

Title: Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny House

Author: Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova

Nationality: Romanian and Slovak

Period at Folkecenter: July 2017 – December 2017

Abstract of the work:

Number of pages (excluding appendixes): X

Topic: Tiny houses

Keywords: Tiny house, minimal living, saving energy, renewable energy

Idea of Tiny houses has been developed in 2005, when hurricane Katrina came. The government

declared approximately 90 000 square miles of land, from which most was considered as

residential areas, as a disaster area. Thousands of citizens lost their homes and belongings because

of the winds and floods.

However, the first idea was demonstrated in the book, The Not So Big House: A blueprint for the

Way We Really Live, in 1998 written by Sarah Susanka. Book describes a new way of thinking about

what makes a place a home and posited that a home ought to be designed and built to perfectly

suit the way you like to live.

As there are no set requirements for a building to be classified as a tiny house all the residential

structures under 46 m2 can be considered as tiny houses. Students from VIA University College in

Horsens were given an opportunity to take part in this movement.

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Table of Content

List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 3

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4

1.1 Project description (Elena) ............................................................................................................... 4

1.1.1 Intro and background ............................................................................................................... 4

1.1.2 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1.3 Problem formulation ................................................................................................................ 4

1.1.4 Delimitations ............................................................................................................................ 4

1.1.5 Methods and models ................................................................................................................ 6

1.2 Location (Ivana) ................................................................................................................................ 6

1.3 Building (Ivana)................................................................................................................................. 7

1.4 Impact on environment (Elena) ....................................................................................................... 7

2 Outline proposal ...................................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Drawings (Elena) .............................................................................................................................. 8

2.2 Materials (Ivana) .............................................................................................................................. 8

2.2.1 Foundation ............................................................................................................................... 8

2.2.2 Walls ......................................................................................................................................... 8

2.2.3 Floor .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.4 Roof .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.5 Windows ................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.6 Wood stove .............................................................................................................................. 9

2.2.7 Cost ......................................................................................................................................... 10

3 Scheme design ....................................................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Geo report (Ivana) .......................................................................................................................... 11

3.2 Structural plans .............................................................................................................................. 12

3.2.1 Load transfer .......................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.2 Vertical Load Bearing Walls .................................................................................................... 12

3.2.3 Transverse Load Bearing Walls ............................................................................................... 13

3.2.4 Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls ............................................................................................ 13

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3.3 Loads (Elena) .................................................................................................................................. 14

3.3.1 Self-weight .............................................................................................................................. 14

3.3.2 Wind Load ............................................................................................................................... 14

3.3.3 Snow Load .............................................................................................................................. 15

3.3.4 Seismic loads .......................................................................................................................... 15

4 Detail ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

4.1 Drawings ......................................................................................................................................... 16

4.1.1 Elevations ............................................................................................................................... 16

4.1.2 Roof details and sections ........................................................................................................ 18

4.1.3 Floor details and sections ....................................................................................................... 19

4.1.4 Time schedule ......................................................................................................................... 21

4.2 Overturning and sliding (Elena) ...................................................................................................... 21

4.3 Roof (different possibilities by Ivana) ............................................................................................ 22

4.3.1 1st design ................................................................................................................................. 22

4.3.2 2nd design .............................................................................................................................. 22

4.4 Cost (Ivana) .................................................................................................................................... 23

5 BE15 ....................................................................................................................................................... 26

5.1.1 Initial energy frame tiny house .............................................................................................. 26

5.1.2 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same window area, different U value) ......... 27

5.1.3 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same U value, different window area) ......... 28

5.1.4 Tiny house with heat pump .................................................................................................... 29

6 Further research and discussion ............................................................................................................ 30

6.1 Different interior designs ............................................................................................................... 30

6.2 Different materials ......................................................................................................................... 30

6.3 Different areas implementations ................................................................................................... 30

6.4 Research for earthquakes and natural disasters ........................................................................... 30

7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 31

8 Reference page ...................................................................................................................................... 32

8.1 Webpages ....................................................................................................................................... 32

8.1.1 Geo analysis: ........................................................................................................................... 32

8.1.2 Materials ................................................................................................................................. 32

8.2 Books .............................................................................................................................................. 32

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List of Figures

Figure 1 - Map of Denmark ........................................................................................................................... 6

Figure 2 - Map of Folkecenter ....................................................................................................................... 6

Figure 3 - Floor plan ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 4 - 3D model of the Tiny house .......................................................................................................... 8

Figure 5 - Indoor floor plan ........................................................................................................................... 8

Figure 6 - Wood burning stove from Jotul .................................................................................................... 9

Figure 7 - Prelimiary cost ............................................................................................................................ 10

Figure 8 - Geological map of Denmark ....................................................................................................... 11

Figure 9 - Vertical Load Bearing Walls ........................................................................................................ 12

Figure 10 - Transverse Load Bearing Walls ................................................................................................. 13

Figure 11 - Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls ............................................................................................... 13

Figure 12 - Total Self weight ....................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 13 - Elevation SW ............................................................................................................................. 16

Figure 14 - Elevation NW ............................................................................................................................ 16

Figure 15 - Elevation NE .............................................................................................................................. 17

Figure 16 - Elevation SE ............................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 17 - Roof detail from long side ......................................................................................................... 18

Figure 18 - Roof cross section from long side ............................................................................................. 18

Figure 19 - Roof detail from gable .............................................................................................................. 19

Figure 20 - Floor detail from gable.............................................................................................................. 19

Figure 21 - Floor gable cross section ........................................................................................................... 20

Figure 22 - Floor detail from long side ........................................................................................................ 20

Figure 23 - Floor cross section from long side ............................................................................................ 21

Figure 24 - 1st design of the roof ................................................................................................................ 22

Figure 25 - 2nd design of the roof............................................................................................................... 22

Figure 26 - Final calculation for the cost ..................................................................................................... 23

Figure 27 - Calculation of the floor construction ........................................................................................ 24

Figure 28 - Calculation of slope roofing construction ................................................................................. 24

Figure 29 - Calculation of the roof construction with trusses .................................................................... 25

Figure 30 - Initial energy frame of Tiny house ............................................................................................ 26

Figure 31 - Energy frame calculations, 1st option ...................................................................................... 27

Figure 32 - Energy frame calculation, 2nd option ....................................................................................... 28

Figure 33 - Energy frame clculations, 3rd option ........................................................................................ 29

4

1 Introduction

1.1 Project description (Elena)

1.1.1 Intro and background

During the 5th semester Civil Engineering students from VIA University, Horsens, had to complete an

internship at a company of their choice. Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies, in Hurup Thy,

Denmark, offered the two students from VIA University College, Elena Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova,

the opportunity to work with a project regarding Tiny Houses. The projected consisted in the

implementation of a prototype house in the Folkecenter area. The house will act as a “test” product,

where one of the Folkecenter’s employees will live and give feedback on the overall experience of living

in the Tiny House.

The project was presented first to two other trainees from Spain, that began the research of the house.

Their work represented a starting point for the two students from VIA University College (Annex

Preliminary Research).

1.1.2 Purpose

The purpose of the project is to encourage the minimal and eco-friendly lifestyle through the use and

understanding of Tiny Houses as one of the ways to reduce waste and promote the use of recycled

materials, while providing a suitable indoor environment.

The trainees were involved from the beginning of the project, getting a better grasp at all the aspects of

the project, being able to be part of the decision process from the beginning. This way, the students

understood the entire process of a real-life project: discussion with the client and architect, planning of

the project and deadlines, price calculation, deciding and ordering of materials, calculations of stability

and drawings of the key construction points. Students also got the chance to experience delays in the

project due to lack of client or architect’s availability, difficulty in getting in touch with the companies

providing materials for the house etc.

1.1.3 Problem formulation

• How can the Tiny House fulfill the energy regulations for 2020?

• How can the Tiny House be structurally stable?

• What materials can or should be used for the tiny house?

• How will the geographical area where the tiny house is placed influence the energy frame and

stability of the house?

• What kind of facilities does the tiny house provide

• What is the projected cost of the project?

1.1.4 Delimitations

Delimitations were decided in the beginning of the project. However, changes in the schedule influenced

the overall delimitation section, leading to minor changes.

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1.1.4.1 Situation Description

· What is a Tiny House?

◦ Where is the idea coming from and where is it applied at the moment?

◦ Which are the typical dimension of a Tiny house?

◦ What are the requirements for a building to be classified as “Tiny House”?

◦ How many people can, on average, live in a Tiny House?

· Are there any other concepts which are similar to the Tiny House one?

1.1.4.2 Construction

· Which materials can be used during the construction? Which are the most common?

◦ Which materials are used for the foundations?

◦ Which materials are used for the walls?

◦ Which materials are used for the roof?

◦ Can recycled materials be used? If so, which and in which part of the building?

◦ Can the materials be recycled (what to do when the house is removed)?

· Can a Tiny House be made mobile, so that the owner can change its location?

◦ What are the pros and cons of such solution?

· What is the complexity related to the construction of a Tiny House?

◦ How long does it take, on average, to construct the entire building?

◦ Does it need any special knowledge (experts in different fields)?

1.1.4.3 Stability

· Is the Tiny House stable? How is the stability insured?

◦ How are the foundations installed?

▪ How much wind can it withstand?

◦ How is the stability in case of an earthquake?

1.1.4.4 Facilities

· What is the typical layout of the house?

· Does the Tiny House include all the facilities of typical houses? If not, what are the available solutions?

1.1.4.5 Energy

· What kind of insulation was used? And why?

· What it the average energy consumption of the house per year?

◦ What are the solutions that can be used for reducing the energy consumption of the building?

1.1.4.6 Costs

· How much is the cost per m2 for such type of house?

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· Considering a lower energy consumption and lower running costs, how much is the expected payback period?

1.1.4.7 Conclusion

· Based on the results of the research, what are the main aspects to consider when constructing a Tiny House?

Natalia and Mikel, worked on the project before (Annex Preliminary Research).

1.1.5 Methods and models

A series of methods and models were used for the project. The good delivery o the project must be

assured through proper research. Online articles, Library books from the company, Online presentations

from university, as well as discussions with the main responsible engineer for the project were used.

Regarding IT tools, Revit, AutoCad Autodesk, BE15, Word, Excel Microsoft Project, PowerPoint were used

for the completion of the project.

1.2 Location (Ivana)

Building will be placed in North West Denmark in The

Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy (Figure 1). Red

dot on the Figure 2 represents exact location of the

building in the area of the Folkecenter. As this part of

Denmark is known for strong wind it will be necessary to

ensure that building is protected from the wind and walls

are stable.

From the picture on the right (Figure 2) is visible that it will

be placed not that far from water. Behind the house there

is a small tree area and all around Folkecenter there are

mostly plane areas used for farming. Front part of the

house with big windows will be oriented to South West.

Figure 1 - Map of Denmark

Figure 2 - Map of Folkecenter

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1.3 Building (Ivana)

Structural form of the building is rectangular with external staircase connecting ground with suspended

floor. Floor plan of the building can be found in Figure 3. Total area is 27,09m2 and internal area is only

19,95m2. Building consists of 1 floor with possible HEMS used as a sleeping area.

Figure 3 - Floor plan

Building is designed with roof made of timber truss and light construction. For the wall will be used

prefabricated straw elements. Floor construction will be lying on 6 concrete foundations filled in old wind

blades. For better indoor environment the decision to use clay to cover walls and ceiling.

The house will not be equipped with water facilities. As the house should be renewable electricity will be

provided by wind and solar energy and house will not be connected to grid.

In the future there is possibility of adding external terrace on South West side.

1.4 Impact on environment (Elena)

In the hope of reducing the carbon footprint on Earth, the Tiny House will be built mainly from wood and

straw bale panels, as well as recycled materials. The construction will be analyzed economically and

energetically in order to assure a very low consumption of energy. The Tiny House will also use renewable

energies such as solar cells and wind mill for its consumption.

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2 Outline proposal

2.1 Drawings (Elena)

The first drawings made by trainees were carried out in Revit. A floor plan as well as a simple furniture

plan was drawn (See Figure 5). The actual dimensions and type of windows was used in order to give a

better idea to the designers and client of the actual look of the house (See Figure 4). The Revit model was

drawn after the elevations and floor plans presented to the trainees by Jane Kruse.

2.2 Materials (Ivana)

2.2.1 Foundation

For the foundation it was decided to use old wind blades. As the project should be renewable as much as

possible this decision was taken. Old blade that is not used anymore will be cut in 8 pieces, each 1m long

pieces and filled with concrete. Construction will be connected with M16 bolt that will be between floor

construction and foundation.

2.2.2 Walls

From the begging prefabricated straw wall panels were considered as a construction material. For the

internal surface clay surface should be used and for the external timber cladding is taken into account

depending on the price.

Figure 4 - 3D model of the Tiny house

Figure 5 - Indoor floor plan

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2.2.3 Floor

As we are dealing with the suspended floor the thickness of the floor insulation is very important. With

the support of local companies, wood fiber insulation will be used for the construction and method of

blowing it in is considered as easier solution.

Floor construction will consist of beams laying in both direction with insulation in between regarding

support whole construction. Beams will be placed on the foundation. For the finish timber floor might be

used.

2.2.4 Roof

For the roof there are 2 possibilities. One of them is to use prefabricated roof elements from the same

company as wall elements or use the same construction as for the roof with slight differences. For the

finish asphalt layer should be used and for the internal clay layer is taken into consideration.

2.2.5 Windows

One of the tasks in this project related to windows was to look for the second-hand windows from local

shops. With the dimensions from the drawings from the engineer searching for something with the similar

dimensions was done. Priority was to find 3-layer glazed windows with a good U -value. During the visit in

Genbrug located 60km away there were found windows that were recently taken out of the house in very

good quality and also with the dimensions that are suitable but only double glazed.

2.2.6 Wood stove

In this part of the project selection of the right heating supply was done. As it is really small area product

has to be able heat up small space. Requirement was to find wood stove. The smallest found one is

produced in Jotul (Figure 6). It has quite big efficiency of 83% and the minimal output is 2,4kW that is a

big higher than necessary.

Figure 6 - Wood burning stove from

Jotul

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2.2.7 Cost

Preliminary cost for the construction also took part in this part of the project.

In the price list is included price for the foundation that contains price for the delivery of the concrete. For

the floor construction there were taken into account prices for 2 different beams, insulation and timber

finish. Final price will be increased after the detail drawings will be done and all the construction materials

will be known. For the walls price of the prefabricated elements is represented together with the

possibility of having timber cladding as outer finish. Second hand windows that were already purchased

cost 6850 DKK. For the roof price for 1m2 was estimated to be approximately 1000 DKK.

Total price including VAT will be approximately 171 000 DKK. In addition to the price can be added price

of the wood stove mentioned above that cost approximately 14 000 DKK. Table with the overall cost can

be found in Figure 7. (See Annex Preliminary cost)

Figure 7 - Prelimiary cost

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3 Scheme design

3.1 Geo report (Ivana)

From the geological surface map of Denmark (Figure 8) was found out that there is meltwater sand and

gravel in this area. This kind of soil is also named glaciofluvial sediments – is always sorted in contrast to

moraine deposits. Poor sorting may occur especially in coarse beds. There are typically many different

minerals and rock particles present in the same sample. If the components include shells and pieces of

limestone, these are always worn and redeposited. The grains are typically angular or sub-angular (poor

rounding), except for quartz grains, which can be quite rounded.

Figure 8 - Geological map of Denmark

Consequence class 2 was chosen and it represents medium consequence for loss of human life, economy,

social or environmental consequences considerable. This class deals with residential and office buildings,

public buildings where consequence of failure are medium.

For the specific weight and angle of shear resistance Table 10.2 and Table 10.3 were used from Teknisk

Stabi 23rd edition.

Calculations can be followed in Annex Geo Calculations. The dimensions of the foundation were estimated

with width and length of 1m. Horizontal loads were not taken into account as they are too small.

From the calculations is clear that the bearing resistance of the foundation is sufficient.

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3.2 Structural plans

The walls have been guaranteed to support the load of roof and external loads by the producer, Lars

Keller, from Ecococon.

3.2.1 Load transfer

The load transfer on the Tiny House in the three directions acts as following: Vertical: Vertical loads are taken first by the roof, then transferred to the walls in the load bearing lines, and down to the foundation. Horizontal wind on the gable: The gable acts as a slab, transferring the load to the walls, which take it

further to the foundation. On the long façade: the horizontal wind force is first taken by the roof truss and

façade, which take it further to the walls and down to the foundation.

3.2.2 Vertical Load Bearing Walls

Figure 9 - Vertical Load Bearing Walls

Figure 9 shows the load bearing walls that carry the vertical load above from self-weight, imposed and snow load. The marks in blue represent the beams that are needed to be designed above the openings in the load bearing line. The marks in orange represent the columns in the structure.

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3.2.3 Transverse Load Bearing Walls

Figure 10 - Transverse Load Bearing Walls

Figure 10 shows the shear walls drawn in red when the wind is blowing on the facade of the house. The

rest of the stability structures were purposely not highlighted order to keep the focus on the ones that

take the force from the facade solely.

3.2.4 Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls

Figure 11 - Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls

Figure 11 shows the shear walls drawn in red when the wind is blowing on the gable for the 1st floor. The

rest of the stability structures were purposely not highlighted order to keep the focus on the ones that

take the force from the gable solely.

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3.3 Loads (Elena)

3.3.1 Self-weight

The self-weight of the house was calculated according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013 and external links

for the density of different materials (See Annex Self-weight). The total self-weight of the building is equal

to 4.45kN/m2 (see Figure 12). The final self weight calculated by the students is very close to the final self

weight calculated by engineer Viggo, which is 4.41 kN/m2. The difference is very likely to be caused by

the approximations.

The self-weight was calculated at the beginning of the project, when the structure of the roof was made

up of roof battens and sloping layer. Later, in the project the roof structure was changed to roof trusses.

The self-weight was estimated to be the same, since the trusses used are made from wood. There might

be small errors due to the slight difference in wood quantity in the roof after adding the truss. However,

the differences should not be significant.

The self-weight calculation is just a close estimation of the exact self weight of the house, which will be

fully available once the final decision about the materials of the house will be made.

3.3.2 Wind Load

The wind load was calculated according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013. Most of “vb”, characteristic wind

in Denmark is 24m/s, however in the NW region of Denmark, “vb” reaches up to 27m/s. The final wind

loads on the house were as following for gable and long façade, respectively:

Gable: Long façade:

The wind loads were chosen based on the highest value acting on the walls and roof as pressure and

suction, after adding the internal pressure/suction coefficient. The complete calculation of the wind load

can be found in Annex Wind loads façade, gable.

The roof has a slope of 2.5 degree. However, since the smallest slope available in DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK

NA:2013 is 5 degrees, the calculations were effectuated with a pitch of 5 degrees.

Figure 12 - Total Self weight

Table 1 - Wind acting on the gable Table 2 - Wind acting on the facade

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3.3.3 Snow Load

In Denmark, according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013, the snow load acting on the house is 0.8kN/m2.

Since in the area where the Tiny House will be placed the snow load is much smaller compared to the

wind snow, the calculations for the structural elements and overall stability of the house was done

according to the wind force acting on the house. However, different geographic areas require different

analysis, therefore depending on the location of the project, different loads will be more significant than

others. In Hurup Thy, the force of the wind is the strongest natural force acting on the house.

3.3.4 Seismic loads

The seismic loads were calculated according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013, and VIA University College

online materials. The coefficients and formulas used in the calculations were taken from Tekinsk Staabi

and DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013 (See Annex Seismic Loads). Since the mass loads in Hurup Thy are

significantly smaller than wind loads, seismic issues do not represent a problem in the construction of the

house. However, a comparison between the wind loads and seismic loads was done, in order to assure

the use of the wind force as the main acting force in the calculation of overturning and sliding of the walls.

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4 Detail

4.1 Drawings

4.1.1 Elevations

Elevations were drawn in Revit for a better understanding of the building. The following elevations were

drawn with the shown orientation. Foundation columns were drawn as rectangular columns for the

simplification of the drawings. The shapes will vary due to the use of wind blades as columns.

4.1.1.1 SW

On the SW side, the two big windows were positioned as shown in Figure 13. However, on the NW side

there are no windows (Figure 14).

4.1.1.2 NW

Figure 13 - Elevation SW

Figure 14 - Elevation NW

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4.1.1.3 NE

The main entrance is placed on the NE side. There is a door and a tall window, for better lighting. Since

the house is lifted 40 cm from the ground, there are stairs on this side as well.

4.1.1.4 SE

On the SE side, there is placed a window on top that can open. Natural ventilation will be produced from

the draft created by the two manual openings on the SE and NE sides.

Figure 15 - Elevation NE

Figure 16 - Elevation SE

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4.1.2 Roof details and sections

4.1.2.1 Roof with wall longitudinal detail

Figure 17 - Roof detail from long side

Figure 17 above represents final design of roof and wall connection from the longitudinal view. Roof will

consist of timber trusses with spacing of 813mm and in between them there is wood fiber insulation. On

top will be 18 mm plywood board with asphalt layer. Ceiling will be covered with clay that will be

connected with steel net to the top for the better indoor environment. Moisture barrier on warmer side

will be used to protect house. As outer finish timber cladding will be used.

4.1.2.2 Roof with wall longitudinal cross section

Figure 18 - Roof cross section from long side

Figure 18 represents longitudinal cross section of the roof. There are 9 trusses on top of the building with

2 additional for possible terrace cover. In the middle of the section column is placed. It will make structure

stable and support roof construction and connect big terrace windows together.

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4.1.2.3 Roof with wall gable detail and cross section

Figure 19 below and drawing for longitudinal section that can be found in section 4.3.2 – 2nd design for

the roof represents roof view from the gable. For further information read section 4.3.2.

Figure 19 - Roof detail from gable

4.1.3 Floor details and sections

4.1.3.1 Floor gable detail

The design of the floor was done with the help of engineer Viggo Øhlenschlæger. The final design is

presented in Figures 20, 21. The materials and cost of the floor structure can be found in Annex Cost for

Figure 20 - Floor detail from gable

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roof and floor. There are two main beams of 90x400mm resting on foundation in the gable section. 14

beams of 45x245mm C24 with 450mm distance center to center, are connected to the main beams

through BSN 48/166 beam carriers (Figure 20). The first batten has 490mm until the center of the main

beam due to spacing calculations. Underneath and between the 45x235mm wood battens there is wood

fiber blown in insulation. The plywood on the bottom of the floor construction is held by floor battens of

45x95mm which are connected to the beams by steel beam holders of 2mm. As finish for floor Xfinner

roof quality of 18mm was chosen. M16 Bolt was chosen for wall anchorage.

4.1.3.2 Floor gable cross section

The cross section of the floor in the gable section

was drawn. There are seven 45x95mm wood battens

per attached to each 45x245mm beam (Figure 21). A

1mm layer of Rostfri is placed underneath the floor

to protect the structure from animal damage. Due to

the placement of the column in between the

windows, the movement of the walls was needed by

45mm on each side.

4.1.3.3 Floor longitudinal detail

Figure 22 - Floor detail from long side

The longitudinal detail of the floor in connection with wall and foundation is shown in Figure 22. In the

detail it is shown how the floor is connected to the foundation on the longitudinal side.

Figure 21 - Floor gable cross section

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4.1.3.4 Floor longitudinal cross section

Figure 23 - Floor cross section from long side

In Figure 23 it is shown the cross section of the floor structure. Due to lack of beams of beams of 6.3m

long, the 45x95mm wood battens were split in 3 equal parts of 2.1m (Figure 23).

4.1.4 Time schedule

A time schedule was created in the beginning of the project in order to keep track of personal and group

performance (See Annex Tiny House Time schedule). Tiny House project was a real-life project that

depended on more parties than what the students experienced in the past during semester project

periods at VIA University College. Certain actions required more time than planned, therefore the time

schedule wasn’t completely accurate until the end of the project. Having to order and buy materials,

keeping a proper communication with the client and supervisor engineer took more time than expected.

Blocks in the project due to scheduling problems with all the parties also added to the time used for the

project.

The scheduled date for construction of the Tiny House is in March/April, and will be part of a constructing

workshop at Folkecenter for Renewable Energies.

4.2 Overturning and sliding (Elena)

Overturning and sliding were calculated by the student, as well as by Viggo (Annex Engineers calculations),

the main engineer. The calculations effectuated by the students were according to class materials from

VIA’s studynet portal. The calculations and results differ, due to different choices of the splitting of the

stability walls and simplifications of calculations. While the engineer chose a more detailed way of

calculating the self- weight, the students approximated the self-weight used in calculations (Annex Sef-

weight). This leads to a difference in results, and it would be recommended that the calculations for the

walls effectuated by students will be redone and/or checked by a more experienced party. However, both

calculations show that the walls need to be anchored to the foundation, due to overturning and sliding

exerted by the force of wind (See Annex Overturning and Sliding).

Viggo suggested a column of 45x195mm between the two windows on the SW side, in order to take down

some of the loads to the foundation. The wall on the SW side was split into two smaller walls, each ending

at the column between windows, which were further calculated for overturning and sliding.

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4.3 Roof (different possibilities by Ivana)

Due to the cost of the prefabricated roof panels from Ecococon it was decided to construct roof in

Folkecenter’s workshop. The two different designs are as follow: one of them is with the roof sloping

construction and second one is with the truss.

4.3.1 1st design

Figure 24 - 1st design of the roof

In this design C18 is used for the beam with dimension of 45x245 mm as a roof caring construction beam.

Due to rain water and snow regulations, sloping for the roof is necessary. In order to achieve the desired

sloping, small battens with different dimensions were used. Underneath there is 400mm of wood fiber

blown-in insulation. Because of this there will be taken more than 150mm from the inner height of the

building which will create discomfort for the indoor environment. Therefore the second proposal was

created.

4.3.2 2nd design

Figure 25 - 2nd design of the roof

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Second design can be seen in the figure above. A truss was implemented as a load bearing element.

Trusses will be prefabricated and ordered from the Roust. Height of each of them will be 500 mm above

the walls and due to the sloping height in the middle part will be 560 mm. Spacing in between them will

be 813 mm. There will be 400 mm of wood fiber insulation in between them and above the insulation will

be air gap. On top of the truss will be placed 18 mm plywood board with 6 mm of asphalt layer. Trusses

will be laying on the timber beams – 45x95 mm to transfer load from roof to the walls.

Due to the indoor environment clay will be used as finish for the walls and ceiling. On the walls it will be

placed directly on the straw but for the ceiling will be used steel net supported with timber battens to

hold 30 mm clay layer.

4.4 Cost (Ivana)

In the figure below can be found final calculation for the cost. Price was reduced from 171 000 dkk that

was estimated in outline proposal to 150 000 DKK. In the price is included foundation, floor construction,

prefabricated wall panels with timber outer finish, windows and roof constructions.

Figure 26 - Final calculation for the cost

For the floor construction detailed calculation was made. 2 different kinds of beams are not included in

the cost. Price of the wood fiber insulation can be changed due to the fact that it will be supplied from

the local company. To cover the bottom part of the suspended floor steel plate with thickness of 1 mm

will be used and until now it represents the most expensive part of the construction. Plate will be used

as a protection shield from weather conditions and animals. Total price is estimated to be approximately

13 100 DKK and is reduced by half excluding the price of the timber beams compared to the price from

outline proposal.

24

Figure 27 - Calculation of the floor construction

Figure 28 - Calculation of slope roofing construction

In the figure above price for the roof sloping construction is calculated. Prices for the load bearing

timber beams are not included as they will be purchased from local companies and price is unknown.

They represent the most expensive part of the constructions and increase of the price should be

expected.

For the cost calculations see Annex Cost for roof and floor.

25

Figure 29 - Calculation of the roof construction with trusses

Final solution for the roof was chosen with trusses. It will be cheaper and easier solution to construct.

Trusses will be produced in Roust Træ A/S and total price is lower that in the solution with the sloping

construction. In the price indoor finish is not included but clay layer with steel net will be used. Also

price for the transportation is included in the price.

26

5 BE15 Tiny House was analyzed energetically with the help of BE15. The main data was introduced, and certain

conclusions followed.

5.1.1 Initial energy frame tiny house

Figure 30 - Initial energy frame of Tiny house

Figure above represents initial energy frame of the building. Actual one does not fulfill requirements for

any of those classes.

For the building type detached house was chosen as the house is considered as detached single-family

house. For the heating type solar cells were chosen. For the walls U-value from manufacturer of 0.113

W/m2K, for the roof 0.11 W/m2K and 0.117 W/m2K for the floor was used.

Input for the windows mostly affected the calculations of the whole energy frame. Double glazed

windows with total area of 14.83 m2 and U-value of 1.5 W/m2K cause main issue with the energy frame.

Big window area of 7.71 m2 oriented to the South West will overheat the building during sunny days and

additional ventilation will be necessary. Another issue is also window facing South East with area of

4.42m2 as there is no shading for any of the windows.

In the initial calculations of energy frame there is considered natural ventilation that will be created by

the draft from the opening of the windows that are across from each other. For the internal heat supply

there is only heat contribution from persons of 1.5W per m2 heated floorage and 3.5 W per m2 of heat

27

contribution from apparatus in the occupied time. Electricity will be supplied by solar cells with area of

15 m2, peak power of 0.235 kW/m2 , system efficiency 14%, orientation to South and slope of 44°.

5.1.2 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same window area, different U value)

Figure 31 - Energy frame calculations, 1st option

As the initial energy frame of the building was not sufficient changes were implemented. U-values for the

construction elements like wall and roof were kept, except the value for suspended floor and U-value for

the windows.

Instead of double glazed, the value for triple glazed windows was put in the program. Also shading for the

windows facing North West and shading from tress around was added but the initial area of 14.83m2 was

kept. Wood burning stove was implemented in the program with possibility of heating whole heated

floorage. Efficiency of the stove is 83% and air flow is stated as 0,1m3/s. Solar cells panel area was kept

for 15m2.

After those changes Building Regulations 2015 as well as both Renovation classes were fulfilled but

building still could not fulfill Energy Frame Buildings 2020.

28

5.1.3 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same U value, different window area)

Figure 32 - Energy frame calculation, 2nd option

Since the initial energy frame of the building did not fulfill the requirements another possible changes

were implemented. U-values for the construction elements like wall, roof and windows were kept but

value for suspended floor was changed due to additional insulation in the floor.

Shading for the windows facing North West was used but the initial area of 14.83m2 was reduced to 5m2

in order to fulfill the requirements. Wood burning stove was also implemented in the program with the

same possibility of heating whole heated floorage, efficiency of 83% and air flow as 0,1m3/s. Solar cells

panel area was kept for 15m2.

After those changes Building Regulations 2015 as well as both Renovation classes were fulfilled but

building still could not fulfill Energy Frame Buildings 2020.

In comparison with previous version of possible changes is clear that windows can obviously change

energy frame of the building. Either very good U-value or small area of the windows should be taken into

consideration.

29

5.1.4 Tiny house with heat pump

Figure 33 - Energy frame clculations, 3rd option

Best results from BE15 were obtain with implementation of heat pump in the building. Even when all U-

values for construction were kept the same and area of the windows remained unchanged with shading

on North West, building fulfilled requirements for Energy Frame Building 2020. With 15m2 of solar cells

area and heat pump used for heat supply total energy requirement of the building was 15.7 kWh/m2 per

year.

Heat pump is an air to air heat pump which transfers het from outside to inside the building with

coefficient of performance 5.04, heating capacity of 4.2kW and cooling capacity of 3.5kW.

30

6 Further research and discussion The Tiny House project served as a base research for tiny house living. The following represent few project

ideas that can be carried out by students

6.1 Different interior designs

Tiny Houses concepts come with innovative interiors that will allow the occupants of the house have an

enjoyable experience, without feeling suffocated, or lacking space. Further research projects can be

carried out to find out good solution for interior designs and furniture.

6.2 Different materials

The Tiny House concept can be expanded so that designers, architects and engineers can explore different

materials that can be used for building such a house. Research projects can be done to understand how

each material will act structurally, energetically, economically and socially.

6.3 Different areas implementations

The better understanding of how tiny house living could impact the social sector is necessary for a future

good development of the tiny housing market. Research projects regarding the requirements that

different geographical locations would impose for the construction of a proper tiny house could be carried

out. The houses will be impacted culturally and economically by their location.

6.4 Research for earthquakes and natural disasters

Natural disasters are very common in most parts of the world. A research project regarding the

understanding of constructing fast and stable tiny houses for areas that have been affected or could be

affected by natural disasters would be a great opportunity for people interested in this topic.

31

7 Conclusion

During the fifth semester students had the opportunity to work in a real company, which provided them

with projects that will be implemented in real life. Nordisk Folkecenter offered Ivana Krajcovicova and

Elena Moldovan a project that represented the research base for further implementations in the Tiny

House living field. Working with Tiny House project was a unique experience which underlined what it

means to work in a real-life project, since decisions depend on more parties. This internship made trainees

understand more in depth the impact that each human being has on the environment. Tiny House project

is promoting a way of minimal living that will provide humans with a safe, enjoyable indoor environment,

while helping to reduce the CO2 footprint. Students took part in various excursions and conferences that

served as an inspiration to their personal and professional life.

A significant amount of time was spent in the outline phase, when decisions regarding materials and

design factors had to be discussed. Trainees were also able to take part in the ordering, buying and

delivery of the materials, which gave a different understanding of the time spent on a project where

proper communication is very important.

During scheme design phase, students were challenged by the 2020 energy frame requirement since the

house has a very small footprint, and very big window surface. Most of the time spent in this phase was

used looking for renewable solutions to the energy frame issue. There was no perfect solution found,

since the ideas that we came up with can be used in different housings and locations, depending on the

resource availability and financial situation of the client.

During the time at Folkecenter, trainees had the opportunity to meet various people who also worked in

the construction or renewable energy field, helping find inspiration for current and future projects. The

focus of this project was the research for the implementation of a Tiny House in the NordWest of

Denmark, specifically in Nordisk Folkecenter’s area. Students met with local and international

professionals who shared their input to the project and further research ideas that could be carried out

even after our internship is finished.

32

8 Reference page

8.1 Webpages

8.1.1 Geo analysis:

http://miljoegis.mim.dk/cbkort?profile=miljoegis_vandrammedirektiv2011 http://data.geus.dk/geusmap/?lang=en&mapname=denmark#zoom=5.656429256811454&lat=6225000&lon=557500&visiblelayers=Topographic&filter=&layers=&mapname=denmark&filter=&epsg=25832&mode=map&map_imagetype=png&wkt=

8.1.2 Materials

8.1.2.1 Self-weight of the house

http://traefiberisolering.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/FDV-Hunton-Trefiberisolasjon-Innbl%C3%A5st.pdf http://www.rfcafe.com/references/general/density-building-materials.htm http://wpif.org.uk/uploads/PanelGuide/PanelGuide_2014_Annex2B.pdf http://www.karg.com/pdf/Presentations/Dense_Pack_Cellulose_Insulation.pdf http://www.british-gypsum.com/technical-advice/faqs/114-what-is-the-density-of-gyproc-plasterboards

8.1.2.2 For construction

https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/gulve-tilbehor/gulve/laminat-terra-pinje-logoclic.html https://www.bygmax.dk/dampspaerrefolie-0-2-mm-4x50-mtr.html https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.html https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.html https://www.xl-byg.dk/produkter/befaestigelse-og-grovbeslag/bolte/gevindjern/nkt-88-vfz-gevindjern-m16.htm https://www.net2traelast.dk/pi/12-mm-Tagkrydsfiner-122-x-244-cm-_2479772_142925.aspx?LanguageID=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIh9vaoZqC2AIVzMmyCh2PRQcmEAQYAiABEgIIYPD_BwE https://www.staalbutikken.dk/shop/rustfri-staalplade-13495p.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIze_I4JiC2AIVTS0ZCh1EYQtPEAAYASAAEgJS2PD_BwE https://www.bygmax.dk/phonix-tagasfalt-10-kg.html https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwE https://www.bygmax.dk/lindab-rainline-tagrende-3-m-stalmetallic-dim-100-mm.html https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwE

8.2 Books

23rd edition Teknisk Ståbi - Praxis-Nyt Teknisk Forlag, Faglig redactør: Bjarne Chr. Jensen, København, 2015

33

Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova

Trainees Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy www.folkecenter.net Facebook: Nordisk Folkecenter

ANNEXES Tiny house

Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova

Annex list

No. Name Page no.

1 Self-weight 1

2 Wind load facade 2

3 Wind loads gable 4

4 Seismic Loads 6

5 Overturning and sliding 7

6 Engineers calculations 9

7 Geo calculations 11

8 Tiny House Time schedule 12

9 Preliminary cost 13

10 Cost for roof and floor 14

11 Final cost 15

12 Preliminary Research 16

Load CalculationsSelf-weight

Elena-Ioana MoldovanTiny House Project

Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies

Density (kN/m3) Self weight (kN/m2)Clay render/reed 15.68 0.28224

Woodfiber insulation 0.441 0.1764Timber 3.43 0.15435Timber 3.43 0.15435Timber 3.43 0.1372Plaster 6.272 0.075264

0.979804

Fibreboard 2.646 0.15876Insulating layer straw 1.078 0.4312Internal clay plaster 15.68 0.4704

Timber frame vertical 3.43 0.15435Timber frame horizontal 3.43 0.15435

Timber cladding 3.43 0.06861.43766

Asphalt 7.0658 0.141316Plaster 18mm 6.27 0.112896Timber 3.43 0.32585Celulose insulation 0.55 0.219773318Timber 3.43 0.32585Gypsum board 7.84 0.1176Wooden batten 3.43 0.08575Services 0.15Plaster board 6.272 0.081536Clay render/reed 15.68 0.4704

2.0309713184.448435318

0.045

0.045

TotalRoof

0.020.018

0.02

0.04

0.40.015

Thickness (m)Floor partition

0.0180.4

0.045

0.012Total

External wall0.06

0.40.03

0.045

0.0950.0950.0250.013

TotalSUM (kN/m2)

0.03

1

Load CalculationsWind LoadsLong Facade

Elena-Ioana MoldovanTiny House Project

Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesWind velocity References

27 N.A. 4.2.1(P)Vb 27 DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2

II DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.34.8 DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.4.1

Ce(z)= 1.85 DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 4.2Basic wind pressure coefficientqb 0.5*r*vb^2 455.625 N/m DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2, N.A.qp(z) ce(z)*qb 0.84290625 kN/m DS/EN 1991-1-4, EQ.4.8d 4.54b 6.888h 4.8e 6.88qp(z) 0.84290625

e Options Calculations Results DS/EN 1991-1-4b 6.8882h 2*4.27 9.6

Conclusion e=6.88

e>d Width DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.2A e/5 1.376B d-e/5 3.164

h/d Zone Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.1A -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875B -0.8 0.84290625 -0.674325D 0.8 0.84290625 0.674325E -0.502863436 0.84290625 -0.423866733

Maximum wind pressure coefficient

1.057268722

Cdis*Cseason*Vb,0Terrain categoryHeight above terrain,z

Vb,0

the smallest

2

Load CalculationsWind LoadsLong Facade

Elena-Ioana MoldovanTiny House Project

Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies

Roof Zone Width Calculations DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.5angle=2.5, assumed 5 F e/10 0.688e=6.88 G e/10 0.688

H (d/2)-(e/10) 1.582J e/10 0.688I (d/2)-(e/10) 1.582Zone Length CalculationsF e/4 1.72G b-(e/2) 3.448H b 6.888J b 6.888I b 6.888

Duopitched roof 5 degreeRoof suction Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind suction F -1.7 0.84290625 -1.432940625G -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875H -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375I -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375J 0.2 0.84290625 0.16858125

Roof pressure Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.4aF 0 0.84290625 0G 0 0.84290625 0H 0 0.84290625 0I -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375J -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375Internal pressure coefficients DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 5.1Internal suction -0.3*0.82 -0.252871875 kn/m2Internal pressure 0.2*0.820 0.16858125 kn/m2

Internal suction and external pressureD+0.2376 0.927196875 D-0.1584 0.50574375F+0.2377 0.252871875 F-0.1585 -1.601521875G+0.2378 0.252871875 G-0.1586 -1.18006875H+0.2379 0.252871875 H-0.1587 -0.674325I+0.2381 -0.252871875 I-0.1588 -0.674325E+0.2382 -0.170994858 E-0.1590 -0.592447983

Uplift -1.601521875Pressure 0.252871875Pressure on the wall 0.927196875Sucction on the wall -0.592447983Transverse windA 29.9Ww 68.15607189

Internal pressure and external suction

((h+fl)*0.5+0.585)*l+x*l(d*h*0.5+d*x)*(D+E)*1.5

3

Load CalculationsWind Loads

GableElena-Ioana Moldovan

Tiny House ProjectNordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies

Wind velocity References27 N.A. 4.2.1(P)

Vb 27 DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2II DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.3

4.8 DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.4.1Ce(z)= 1.85 DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 4.2

Basic wind pressure coefficientqb 0.5*r*vb^2 455.625 N/m DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2, N.A.qp(z) ce(z)*qb 0.84290625 kN/m DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.5, EQ.4.8d 6.888b 4.54h 4.8e 4.54qp(z) 0.84290625

e Options Calculations Results DS/EN 1991-1-4b 4.542h 2*4.27 9.6

Conclusion e=4.54

e<d Width DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.2A e/5 0.908B 4e/5 3.632C d-e 2.348

h/d Zone Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.2, T.7.1A -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875B -0.8 0.84290625 -0.674325C -0.5 0.84290625 -0.421453125D 0.759581882 0.84290625 0.544217868E -0.419163763 0.84290625 -0.300318392

Maximum wind pressure coefficient

0.696864111

the smallest

Height above terrain,zTerrain categoryVb,0

Cdis*Cseason*Vb,0

4

Load CalculationsWind Loads

GableElena-Ioana Moldovan

Tiny House ProjectNordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies

Roof Zone Length Calculations DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.5F e/10 0.454G e/10 0.454H (e/2)-(e/10) 1.816I d-e/2 4.618Zone Width CalculationsF e/4 1.135G b-(e/2) 2.27H b/2 2.27I b 4.54

Duopitched roof 5 degreesRoof suction Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind suction DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.4aF -1.7 0.84290625 -1.432940625G -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875H -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375I -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375J 0.2 0.84290625 0.16858125Roof pressure Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.4aF 0 0.792 0G 0 0.792 0H 0 0.792 0I -0.6 0.792 -0.4752J -0.6 0.792 -0.4752Internal pressure coefficients DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 5.1Internal suction -0.3*0.792 -0.252871875 kn/m2Internal pressure 0.2*0.792 0.16858125 kn/m2Internal suction and external pressureD+0.2376 0.797089743 D-0.1584 0.375636618F+0.2377 0.252871875 F-0.1585 -1.601521875G+0.2378 0.252871875 G-0.1586 -1.18006875H+0.2379 0.252871875 H-0.1587 -0.674325J+0.2380 -0.222328125 J-0.1588 -0.674325I+0.2381 -0.222328125 I-0.1589 0E+0.2382 -0.007 E-0.1590 -0.468899642

Uplift -1.601521875Pressure 0.252871875Pressure on the wall 0.797089743Sucction on the wall -0.468899642Longitudinal windA 10.73667Ww 20.38876538

Internal pressure and external suction

(d*h*0.5+d*x)*(D+E)*1.5((3.3+0.430)*0.5+0.585)+(0.0938*2.15)

5

Load CalculationsSeismic Loads

Elena MoldovanTiny House Project

Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies General informationA 19.95 m2kfi 0.9 TS 23Ed, p.125, CC1 Wm/3 0.5182431Window q 0.112 Reference XX Vm(kN) 0.5182431Ψ0 0.5 TS 23Ed, Table 4.6Ψ2 0.2 TS 23Ed, Table 4.6qk 1.5 TS Table 4.7 ΔVw 1/200*(1.5*1*Ψ0-Ψ2)*A*qk 0.08229375

Vw(kN) Vm+ΔVw 0.60053685Roof 1.83 kN/m2Wall 1.44 kN/m2Floor 0.96 kN/m2 Wm/l 0.239189123 kN/m

Ww 68.156 kN/mh 4.315 ml1 5.7 ml2 3.5 m 1.5*Kfi*Ww+Vw 92.61113685 kNNW 2.71 m2 90%(Wm+Vm) 1.86567516 kNSW 7.7 m2 Wind > SeismicSE 4.4 m2

Wm/w 0.361564953 kN/mRoof A(g+0*s) 36.5085 Ww 20 kN/mWindow A*q 1.65872Façade h*g*(l1+l2)*2-Awindw*Qwindw 112.67152Lightweight 1kN/m2*A 19.95 1.5*Kfi*Ww+Vw 27.60053685 kNTotal 103.64862Seismic Roof (Wm2) 1.5%*Total 1.5547293 90%(Wm+Vm) 1.86567516 kN

1.5547293 Wind > Seismic

Self weight

Windows

Imperfection in combination with seismic totalRoof

WindSeismic

Comparison

Transverse

Imperfection in combination with wind transverse

Dimensions

SeismicWind

Comparison

Longitudinal

Wm

To the roof

6

7

8

9

Engineers calculations

10

11

Geo calculations

ID Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors1 Situation Description 5 days Mon 8/7/17 Fri 8/11/172 What is a tiny house 3 days Mon 8/7/17 Wed 8/9/178 Are there other concepts similar ro Tiny House 2 days Thu 8/10/17 Fri 8/11/17

9 Construction 5 days Mon 8/14/17 Fri 8/18/17 110 Materials (used and most common) 3 days Mon 8/14/17 Wed 8/16/1711 Foundation12 Walls13 Roof14 Recycled? Which part of the building15 Can the materials of hosue be recycled afterwords 16 Mobility 1 day Thu 8/17/17 Thu 8/17/1717 Can it be done?18 PROS19 CONS20 What is the complexity related to the construction 1 day Fri 8/18/17 Fri 8/18/17

23 Stability 5 days Mon 8/7/17 Fri 8/11/1724 Is the Tiny House stable 3 days Mon 8/7/17 Wed 8/9/1732 Can it resist to natural elements 2 days Thu 8/10/17 Fri 8/11/1738 Facilities 5 days Mon 8/21/17 Fri 8/25/17 939 What is the typical layout of the house 1 day Mon 8/21/17 Mon 8/21/1740 Can it be built on different levels 1 day Tue 8/22/17 Tue 8/22/1741 How many levels can it be built on 1 day Wed 8/23/17 Wed 8/23/1742 Does it include all facilities of typical houses? 1 day Thu 8/24/17 Thu 8/24/1743 If not, what are the available solutions 1 day Fri 8/25/17 Fri 8/25/1744 Energy 5 days Mon 8/14/17 Fri 8/18/17 2345 How good is the insulations 1 day Mon 8/14/17 Mon 8/14/1747 What is the average conspution of the house per year

4 days Tue 8/15/17 Fri 8/18/17

49 Costs 5 days Mon 8/21/17 Fri 8/25/17 4450 Cost per m2 5 days Mon 8/21/17 Fri 8/25/1752 With a lower energy consumption and lower running costs, how much isthe expected payback period53 Conclusion 5 days Mon 8/28/17 Fri 9/1/17 38,49

S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F SAug 6, '17 Aug 13, '17 Aug 20, '17 Aug 27, '17

TaskSplitMilestone

SummaryProject SummaryInactive Task

Inactive MilestoneInactive SummaryManual Task

Duration-onlyManual Summary RollupManual Summary

Start-onlyFinish-onlyExternal Tasks

External MilestoneDeadlineProgress

Manual Progress

Page 1

Project: Tiny House Microsoft PDate: Wed 12/13/17

12

Tiny House Time schedule

Amount Price Price

(including VAT)

5 5,775 7,219 https://www.ibf.dk/sites/default/files/filer/fabriksbetonprisliste2017_net.pdf

250 2,199 2,933 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.html21 2,167 2,889 https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/gulve-tilbehor/gulve/laminat-terra-pinje-logoclic.html22 15,697 20,930 http://www.bygmax.dk/limtraes-bjaelke-bredde-90-mm.html2 714 952 https://www.byggecenter.dk/webshop/traehandel/hvidt-trae/spaertrae/1463-047300-0600-47x300-mm-spaertrae-c18-600cm

54 74,400 93,00054 6,159 8,212 https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/byggematerialer/udvendig-trae/klinkbeklaedning-25x125-mm-390-cm-froslev.html

- 5,480 6,850

28 21,000 28,000DKK 133,591 170,983

Ovenhttp://jotul.com/dk/produkter/braendeovne/Jotul-f-305-LL#technical-area

Roof (m2)

Timber finish (m2)

Roof

Table for cost

Concrete (m3)

Windows

Timber finish - outside (m2)

Insulation (mm)

Straw elements (m2)

Glulam beam 90x300 mmBeam 45x300

Foundation

Floor

Wall

Windows

13

Preliminary cost

Price/STK STK TOTALTimber finish - 21 2889 https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/gulve-tilbehor/gulve/laminat-terra-pinje-logoclic.htmlAirtight membrane 699 1 699 https://www.bygmax.dk/dampspaerrefolie-0-2-mm-4x50-mtr.htmlWoodfiber insulation - - 2933 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.htmlBeam GL32C 90x400 mm - 2 -Beam C24 45x245 mm - 14 -Beam 45x95 mm reglar 26 21 546 https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.htmlBeam carrier BSN 48/166 21 14 294Hulbånd 25x2,0mm - 25m 407 1 407Nails M16 100 6 600 https://www.xl-byg.dk/produkter/befaestigelse-og-grovbeslag/bolte/gevindjern/nkt-88-vfz-gevindjern-m16.htmPlywood board 12mm 189 9 1701 https://www.net2traelast.dk/pi/12-mm-Tagkrydsfiner-122-x-244-cm-_2479772_142925.aspx?LanguageID=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIh9vaoZqC2AIVzMmyCh2PRQcmEAQYAiABEgIIYPD_BwERosfri plate 1mm 430x630 mm 303 10 3032 https://www.staalbutikken.dk/shop/rustfri-staalplade-13495p.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIze_I4JiC2AIVTS0ZCh1EYQtPEAAYASAAEgJS2PD_BwE

13101Total (Dkk)

Steel plate on the bottom

Floor

Price/STK STK TOTALAsphalt layer 405 4 1620 https://www.bygmax.dk/phonix-tagasfalt-10-kg.htmlPlywood board 18mm 345 15 5175 https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwERoof sloping construction - 1 -Woodfiber insulation - - 5865 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.htmlBeam C18 45x245mm - 2 -Beam 45x95 mm reglar 95 10 950 https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.htmlAirtight membrane 699 1 699Steel net - - -Clay layer - - -Gutter 249 6 1494 https://www.bygmax.dk/lindab-rainline-tagrende-3-m-stalmetallic-dim-100-mm.html

15803

Battens

Roof

Total

Price/STK STK TOTALAsphalt layer 405 4 1620 https://www.bygmax.dk/phonix-tagasfalt-10-kg.htmlPlywood board 18mm 345 15 5175 https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwETruss 499 11 5489Woodfiber insulation - - 5865 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.htmlAirtight membrane 699 1 699 https://www.bygmax.dk/dampspaerrefolie-0-2-mm-4x50-mtr.htmlBeam 45x145 mm reglar 46 4 182 https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.htmlSteel net - - -Clay layer - - -Gutter 249 6 1494 https://www.bygmax.dk/lindab-rainline-tagrende-3-m-stalmetallic-dim-100-mm.htmlTransportation of trusses - - 1100

21624

Roof

Truss

Total

14

Cost for roof and floor

Amount Price Price

(including VAT)

5 5,775 7,219 https://www.ibf.dk/sites/default/files/filer/fabriksbetonprisliste2017_net.pdf

1 9,826 13,101

54 74,400 93,00054 6,159 8,212

- 5,480 6,850https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/byggematerialer/udvendig-trae/klinkbeklaedning-25x125-mm-390-cm-froslev.html

1 16,218 21,624DKK 117,858 150,005

Ovenhttp://jotul.com/dk/produkter/braendeovne/Jotul-f-305-LL#technical-area

WindowsWindows

RoofRoof (m2)

WallStraw elements (m2)

Timber finish - outside (m2)

Table for cost

FoundationConcrete (m3)

FloorFloor constrution

15

Final cost

TINY HOUSES

Natalia Cardanha and Mikel

González

Trainee

11 July 2017

Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny

House

16

Preliminary Research

Title: Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny House

Author: Natalia Cardanha and Mikel González

Nationality: Spanish

Period at Folkecenter: July 2017 – August 2017

Abstract of the work:

Number of pages (excluding appendixes): X

Topic: Tiny houses

Keywords: Tiny house, mobility, simplify, freedom.

In this report, it has been researched about the Tiny House Movement to give an answer to the

following questions: What is the movement about, why people are joining it, what are the

consequences of going tiny…?

17

2

Table of Content

List of Figures .....................................................................................................................................3

1 Situation description ......................................................................................................................4

2 Appendix 1: References..................................................................................................................6

18

3

List of Figures Figure 1: Study of the use of the different areas in a house ...................................................................5

19

4

1 Situation description Tiny houses are not really a new phenomenon. During history, lots of cultures have lived in small houses,

for instance the Indians in their teepees or Mongolians in yurts, but when the middle class started to grow,

the size of the houses followed the same tendency [1]. Nowadays, the situation is changing because there

is a movement called ‘The Tiny House movement’, and people is now returning to smal ler dwellings.

The Tiny House movement is an architectural and social movement where people are choosing to

downsize the space they live in, simplifying their lifestyles [2] [3]. But the concept of Tiny House is quite

wide, in other words, there is not a fixed definition. There are many different ways to go tiny as an RV

(Recreation Vehicle), a modular home, a cottage, treehouses [1]… However, the most extended definition

is a house with a living area under 37m2. It does not matter if it is on wheels or on a foundation. Anyway,

if the house exceeds this area, but it is smaller than 93m2, then it is considered a small house (another

category of this movement) [4].

All this started when Sarah Susanka wrote the book called “The not so big house” in 1997 defending a

house which better suits each one´s way of living [5] spreading this message: “quality should always come

before quantity” [6]. In 2005 after Hurricane Katrina happened, the Katrina Cottage (28,6 m2) became an

alternative to the trailers that the US government provides after natural disasters. But the real boom

happened when the economic crisis began in 2008, because people did not have enough money to cope

with a mortgage or a rent [4]. It has to be mentioned that this movement has mostly developed in

America, even if it is also present in some other places of the world, as it can be the case of Japan.

People are joining this movement for many reasons, but the most popular reasons include environmental

concerns, financial concerns, and the desire for more time and freedom [7]. For instance, society is gotten

frustrated with the consumerism, buying more, owning more… Besides, some people do not see

themselves living at the same place for all their lives, so a tiny house on wheels would give flexibility and

freedom to move around [8].

In relation to environmental concerns, it has to be mentioned that a house of this type is environmentally

friendlier because it needs less resources to build and maintain. Moreover, it promotes minimalism

because it will be hard to hold onto stuff that it is not needed or used when the aim is to save space [9].

Regarding financial concerns, it can be said that housing prices are climbing especially in big cities, so as

people want to be free from paying a rent or a mortgage they choose the option of going tiny [10].

Looking for the consequences of going tiny, it can be said that one of the most important is being more

conscious about how we live. Obviously, there are some less important others as spending less time

20

5

cleaning, having cheaper bills, but with them, the living quality increases a lot by having more free time

and money [11].

As another argument to go tiny, it has to be mentioned the result of a study it was played out. As it can

be seen in figure 1, people spend almost all the time at the same places of the house. So, if those areas

without red spots were removed, the necessities would still be fulfilled.

Figure 1: The red dots represent where is it spent more time in a house [12].

Furthermore, in a tiny house community would be possible to share some spaces, such as, the kitchen,

the bathroom, etc. making easier to socialize and gaining in comradeship strengthening the bonds of the

group.

To sum up the philosophy of Tiny Houses it can be said that is a desire to live modestly while conserving

natural resources [13]. In other words, a tiny house is about realizing within what we have, what we want,

what we need… [14]. Apart from that, as people design and personalize their own houses, their values are

reflected in their home space knowing themselves in a better way [13].

21

6

2 Appendix 1: References [1] http://www.tinyhousetown.net/p/about-blog.html

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_house_movement

[3] http://thetinylife.com/what-is-the-tiny-house-movement/

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_house_movement

[5] http://www.notsobighouse.com/

[6] https://www.amazon.com/Not-So-Big-House-Blueprint/dp/1600851509

[7] http://thetinylife.com/what-is-the-tiny-house-movement/

[8] https://vimeo.com/95698105

[9] http://www.tinyhousetown.net/p/about-blog.html

[10] http://www.tinyhousetown.net/p/about-blog.html

[11] http://tinyhousetalk.com/tiny-house-movement/

[12] https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/what-would-our-homes-look-if-designed-

around-how-we-use-them.html

[13] https://ced.berkeley.edu/events-media/news/the-psychology-behind-the-tiny-house-

movement

[14] https://vimeo.com/95698105

22

1

Natalia Cardanha and Mikel González Trainee Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy www.folkecenter.net Facebook: Nordisk Folkecenter

23

STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS Tiny house

Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova

Drawing list

Name Drawing no Scale Drawn by

1 Floor Plan 1.01 1:70 EM

2 Furniture Plan 1.02 1:70 EM

3 Elevation SE 1.03 1:50 EM

4 Elevation NW 1.04 1:50 EM

5 Elevation SW 1.05 1:50 EM

6 Elevation NE 1.06 1:50 EM

7 Floor cross section from long side 1.07 1:20 IK

8 Floor gable cross section 1.08 1:13 EM

9 Roof longitudinal cross section 1.09 1:22 EM

10 Roof cross section from gable 1.10 1:15 IK

11 Floor detail from long side 1.11 1:15 IK

12 Floor detail from gable 1.12 1:09 EM

13 Roof detail from long side 1.13 1:10 EM

14 Roof detail from gable 1.14 1:15 IK

15 Wind blades dimensions 1.15 1:50 IK

DN

3500HE

MS

1250

1780 1785

1280

A

2

3

B C28502850

2460

1925

Scale

Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 70

1.01Floor Plan

1Nordisk Folkecenter forRenewable Energies

Tiny House 15/12/2017Elena Moldovan

Ivana Krajcovicova

DN

Scale

Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 70

1.02Furniture Plan

1Nordisk Folkecenter forRenewable Energies

Tiny House 15/12/2017Elena Moldovan

Ivana Krajcovikova

Level 10

Level 22320

Level 33320

1280

1290

2150

Level 5-1430

1996 1840 733 1543

Ground level

Scale

Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50

1.03SE Elevation

1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017

Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova

1 : 50SE1

Level 10

Level 22320

Level 33320

1250

2160

Level 5-1430

4330

19962275 1285

200

Ground level

Scale

Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50

1.04NW Elevation

1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017

Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova

1 : 50NW1

Level 10

Level 22320

Level 33320

1785 1780

2160

Level 5-1430

620332

0

679482

9

400

3050 3200

Ground level

600Scale

Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50

1.05SW Elevation

1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017

Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova

1 : 50SW1

Level 10

Level 22320

Level 33320

Level 5-1430

6500 13261042

1043 3200 3050 1501

Ground level

Scale

Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50

1.06NE Elevation

1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017

Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova

1 : 50NE1

230

17375

375

417375

375375

375375

375375

375375

375375

375375

417

5709

1969

1969

1969

5906

42

89

11

90

Bjæ

lkesko B

SN

48/166

M 16 B

olt

Beam

90x400m

m

Concrete

foundation

Ecococo

n wall pa

nels

253

Exte

rnal insu

lation

Hu

lbånd 25

x2,0mm

450

450

450

450

12

310

45

95

90

Bjæ

lkesko B

SN

48/166

M 16 B

olt

Beam

90x400m

m

Concrete

foundation

Ecococo

n wall pa

nels

298

Exte

rnal insu

lation

12

45

95

450

4300F

loor b

attens raegler 45x95m

mR

ostfri layer 1m

m

Moisture b

arrier 0.2mm

Clay finish 10m

m

Moisture ba

rrier 2mm

C24 B

eam

45x2

45mm

Wood

fiber insulation

X F

iner 18mm

445

450

445

3500

Waterproo

f me

mb

rane

0.2mm

Ecococon

wall pa

nels

Tim

berb

attens

Tim

berclad

ding

60

25

45

68

3

12

67

40

01

0

67

Cla

y finishE

cococonw

all panels

12

67

40

01

0

81

3

81

20

84

25

75

75

81

38

13

81

38

13

81

38

13

81

38

13

Colum

n 45x1

95mm

Colum

n

Externa

l layer

Insulation be

twee

n 45x235m

m beam

s

Gyp

sum

board 12m

m

Rou

st Tru

ss/Air space

Fin

ish laye

r 18mm

Structu

ral be

am 4

5x95mm

Asph

alt 6mm

57

00

65

001

597

25

45

12

45

400

21

45

95

500

560

25

45

12

45

400

21

45

95

500

560

245

18400

400

445

400

400

400

45

95

12

43

0

90

24

5

15

5

12

C2

4 B

ea

m 4

5x245mm

Plyw

oo

d 12m

m

Bjæ

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BS

N 48/166

M 1

6 Bo

lt

Be

am

90

x400mm

Moisture ba

rrier 0.2m

m

Co

ncrete

fou

nd

ation

Eco

coco

n w

all panels

Wo

od

fibe

r insulation

40

0

45

02

53

18

45

95

Flo

or b

atte

ns ra

egler 45x95mm

X F

ine

r 18mm

Exte

rna

l insulation

Rostfri layer 1

mm

Hu

lbå

nd

25x2,0m

m

44

5

Cla

y finish 10m

m

45

12

Pla

ster board

Moisture ba

rrier 2m

m

95

40

0

Insu

latio

n b

etw

ee

n 45x235m

mb

ea

ms

Gyp

sum

bo

ard

12mm

Mo

isture

ba

rier 0.2m

mE

coco

con

wa

ll panels

68

3

Ro

ust T

russ/A

ir space

Fin

ish layer

16

0

18

.0000

Stru

ctura

l be

am

45x95mm

95

Mo

isture

ba

rrier

Tim

be

r ba

ttens

Tim

be

r cladding

60

25

45

56

0

60

12

67

40

01

0

67

Cla

y finish

81

3

Pla

ster b

oa

rd 12mm

Tim

be

r ba

tten

s 22x95mm

Cla

y finish

30 mm

Ste

el net

Asp

ha

lt layer 6m

m

25

45

1245

400

21

45

95

500

560