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  • 7/31/2019 Timing is key in successful social movements

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    After decades of marches, boycotts, lobbying and rallies, did the

    protests of the past 40 years really make a difference? Do protests

    still work? Can women still advocate change through social

    activism?

    The answer may lie in the timing, according to Sarah Soule, PhD,the Morgridge Professor of Organizational Behavior in the

    Graduate School of Business and a Clayman Institute faculty

    research fellow, who studies the tactics and consequences of social

    movements and how activism influences public policy and

    perception.

    Soule tracked thousands of U.S. newspaper articles from the 1960s

    through the 90s, a period when Americans took on a wide range of social concerns. She and her team analyzed

    these records to pinpoint when social movements prompted the strongest response and had the greatest impact.

    In studying the Equal Rights Amendment, Soule found that timing was crucial to the success of this social

    movement. She noted that organized lobbying appeared to have had a more direct effect on public opinion early

    on, when the issue was first being considered by legislators and state ratification bills were being introduced.

    When activists became more demanding or radical, she said, legislators appeared to become less receptive to

    associating with activist agendas, most likely because they did not want to alienate voters.

    Soule also found that groups with insider allies, such as legislators sympathetic to the cause, make more progress.

    Today, she added, though there are more women in positions ofpolitical power, womens issues may not

    necessarily be on the agenda.

    Another component of her research points to the fact that women have historically mobilized around many issues,

    not all of which are considered feminist. For example, women took on many aspects of social reform, such as

    boycotting grocery chains to lower food prices and toy companies to recall violent items. Educational issues were

    also high on the agenda of women activists.

    After the Equal Rights Amendment protests, which peaked from 1972-82, women took on other, nonfeminist

    aspects of social reform,

    Women became political about other issues and moved their efforts into the private sphere, said Soule. They

    were still socially active but learned to use different tactics that focused more on community building, improving

    social services for women and building solidarity.

    Timing is Key in Successful Social Movements

    by Ruth Schechter on 03/07/10 at 9:54 pm

    http://www.stanford.edu/group/gender/cgi-bin/wordpressblog/author/ruthschechter/http://www.stanford.edu/group/gender/cgi-bin/wordpressblog/author/ruthschechter/

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